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      • July 2000 (Revised April 2001)
      • Case

      Agricultural Biotechnology and its Regulation

      By: Forest L. Reinhardt
      In the United States, genetically modified corn and soybeans are now widely grown and consumed. In Europe, however, they have been dubbed "Frankenstein foods," shunned by packaged food manufacturers, and subjected to a host of governmental restrictions. This case... View Details
      Keywords: Agribusiness; Genetics; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Corporate Strategy; Trade; Law; Goods and Commodities; Safety; Environmental Sustainability; Government and Politics; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; Biotechnology Industry; Europe; United States
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      Reinhardt, Forest L. "Agricultural Biotechnology and its Regulation." Harvard Business School Case 701-004, July 2000. (Revised April 2001.)
      • June 2000 (Revised December 2000)
      • Case

      Compensation and Performance Evaluation at Arrow Electronics

      By: Brian J. Hall and Carleen Madigan
      Describes a company's struggles in implementing a subjective performance rating system for its employees. In particular, it describes the difficulties faced by the CEO in getting managers to combat "ratings inflation"--that is, to produce numerical ratings that are... View Details
      Keywords: Behavior; Performance Evaluation; Compensation and Benefits; Electronics Industry
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      Hall, Brian J., and Carleen Madigan. "Compensation and Performance Evaluation at Arrow Electronics." Harvard Business School Case 800-290, June 2000. (Revised December 2000.)
      • March 1999 (Revised May 1999)
      • Case

      Network Associates: Securing the Internet

      By: Debora L. Spar
      Follows one company's path through the uncharted terrain of government regulation and the Internet. In March 1998, Network Associates announced it would begin selling powerful encryption software from its Dutch subsidiary. Such a move looked to the U.S. government like... View Details
      Keywords: Internet and the Web; Information Technology Industry; Public Administration Industry; Telecommunications Industry; United States
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      Spar, Debora L., and Jennifer Burns. "Network Associates: Securing the Internet." Harvard Business School Case 799-087, March 1999. (Revised May 1999.)
      • April 1998 (Revised June 1999)
      • Case

      Bausch & Lomb, Inc.: Pressure to Perform

      By: Robert L. Simons, Alex C. Sapir '97 and Indra Reinbergs
      Bausch & Lomb is the subject of press attacks and experiences a sharp fall in stock price when management practices are exposed. Aggressive goal setting, supported by financial market expectations, is discussed as a precursor to a series of events that results in... View Details
      Keywords: Performance Expectations; Management Practices and Processes; Ethics; Financial Markets; Financial Statements; Business and Shareholder Relations
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      Simons, Robert L., Alex C. Sapir '97, and Indra Reinbergs. "Bausch & Lomb, Inc.: Pressure to Perform." Harvard Business School Case 198-009, April 1998. (Revised June 1999.)
      • 1998
      • Working Paper

      Some Evidence on the Optimal Welfare State Based on Subjective Data

      By: Rafael Di Tella and Robert MacCulloch
      It is often difficult to evaluate all the costs and benefits of the welfare state. This paper suggests an alternative approach based on surveys of citizen satisfaction with welfare programs. In the first part of the paper we estimate the level of unemployment benefits... View Details
      Keywords: Personal Characteristics; Employment; Surveys; Programs; Government and Politics; Age; Income; Residency; Welfare; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Cost vs Benefits; Satisfaction; United Kingdom
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      Di Tella, Rafael, and Robert MacCulloch. "Some Evidence on the Optimal Welfare State Based on Subjective Data." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 98-092, March 1998.
      • February 1998
      • Case

      Human Element in Marketing Strategy,The: A Look at the Creative and Subjective Side

      By: Das Narayandas and Gerald Zaltman
      Explores the human element in formulating marketing strategy. A rewritten version of an earlier note. Includes color exhibits. View Details
      Keywords: Employees; Marketing Strategy; Creativity; Perspective
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      Narayandas, Das, and Gerald Zaltman. "Human Element in Marketing Strategy,The: A Look at the Creative and Subjective Side." Harvard Business School Case 598-105, February 1998.
      • January 1997 (Revised June 1997)
      • Case

      Southwire: Beyond 2000

      By: F. Warren McFarlan and Melissa Dailey
      Southwire, based in Carrollton, GA, was the leading producer of aluminum and copper rod, wire, and cable for the transmission and distribution of electricity. In one decade, CEO Roy Richards, Jr. grew annual sales from $500 million in 1985 to $1.9 billion in 1995, an... View Details
      Keywords: Leading Change; Growth Management; Competitive Strategy; Global Strategy; Manufacturing Industry
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      McFarlan, F. Warren, and Melissa Dailey. "Southwire: Beyond 2000." Harvard Business School Case 397-074, January 1997. (Revised June 1997.)
      • October 1996 (Revised December 1996)
      • Case

      United Electric Controls

      By: H. Kent Bowen, Jody H. Gittell and Sylvie Ryckebusch
      United Electric Controls (UE) was a small, traditional family-owned manufacturing company when Dave Reis, the youngest member of the Reis family, took over the business. This case describes Reis's efforts to change UE's traditional work practices in order to make the... View Details
      Keywords: Change Management; Family Business; Production; Business Strategy; Human Resources; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Decisions; Growth and Development Strategy; Information Technology; Electronics Industry; Manufacturing Industry; United States
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      Bowen, H. Kent, Jody H. Gittell, and Sylvie Ryckebusch. "United Electric Controls." Harvard Business School Case 697-006, October 1996. (Revised December 1996.)
      • April 1996 (Revised January 2006)
      • Case

      Times Mirror Company PEPS Proposal Review

      By: Peter Tufano
      Times Mirror Co. (TMC) owns a substantial block of Netscape common stock purchased prior to Netscape's IPO, on which it has substantial unrealized gains. TMC is restricted from selling the stock in a public offering and is therefore considering a proposal by Morgan... View Details
      Keywords: Risk Management; Stocks; Taxation; Corporate Finance; Telecommunications Industry; Media and Broadcasting Industry; United States
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      Tufano, Peter, and Cameron Poetzscher. "Times Mirror Company PEPS Proposal Review." Harvard Business School Case 296-089, April 1996. (Revised January 2006.)
      • 1995
      • Article

      The Positive Impact of Creative Activity: Effects of Creative Task Engagement and Motivational Focus on College Student's Learning

      By: R. Conti, T. M. Amabile and S. Pollack
      This study assessed the effectiveness of engaging students in a creative activity on a topic as a means of encouraging an active cognitive set toward learning that topic area. This technique was examined in three motivational contexts. Before reading a short... View Details
      Keywords: Creativity; Cognition and Thinking; Behavior; Performance; Motivation and Incentives; Training
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      Conti, R., T. M. Amabile, and S. Pollack. "The Positive Impact of Creative Activity: Effects of Creative Task Engagement and Motivational Focus on College Student's Learning." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 21 (1995): 1107–1116.
      • February 1991
      • Case

      Burlington Northern: The ARES Decision (A)

      By: Julie H. Hertenstein and Robert S. Kaplan
      Burlington Northern's decision whether to invest in ARES, an automated train control system, is a ($350 million) strategic investment in information technology. Although set in a service industry (railroad) the issues around this decision arise in many organizations... View Details
      Keywords: Investment; Rail Transportation; Information Technology; Competitive Strategy; Performance Evaluation; Performance Effectiveness; Cost vs Benefits; Technology Adoption; Technological Innovation; Customers; Quality; Rail Industry
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      Hertenstein, Julie H., and Robert S. Kaplan. "Burlington Northern: The ARES Decision (A)." Harvard Business School Case 191-122, February 1991.
      • July 1990 (Revised August 1994)
      • Case

      U.S. Auto Industry: Scenarios and Choices for the 1990s

      By: Malcolm S. Salter
      Asks students to prepare a capacity utilization scenario for the U.S. auto industry in 1992 and to propose proper courses of action for Ford and General Motors in the face of globalizing competition. The subject is "corporate strategy in an overcapacitized world."... View Details
      Keywords: Globalization; Business or Company Management; Competitive Strategy; Corporate Strategy; Auto Industry; United States
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      Salter, Malcolm S. "U.S. Auto Industry: Scenarios and Choices for the 1990s." Harvard Business School Case 391-001, July 1990. (Revised August 1994.)
      • April 1990 (Revised January 1993)
      • Case

      Ad Council's AIDS Campaign (A): Advertising Strategy

      By: V. Kasturi Rangan and Janet Montgomery
      Ad Council wished to run an educational campaign aimed at preventing the spread of AIDS. They were challenged to find acceptable ways to address this very sensitive subject matter--ways that the media and the public would approve. One of the big challenges was to make... View Details
      Keywords: Advertising; Goals and Objectives; Social Marketing; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Success; Problems and Challenges; Social Issues; Health Industry
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      Rangan, V. Kasturi, and Janet Montgomery. "Ad Council's AIDS Campaign (A): Advertising Strategy." Harvard Business School Case 590-105, April 1990. (Revised January 1993.)
      • 1990
      • Article

      Social Influences on Creativity: Evaluation, Coaction, and Surveillance

      By: T. M. Amabile, P. Goldfarb and S. C. Brackfield
      Two experiments examined the effects of evaluation expectation and the presence of others on creativity. In both experiments, some subjects expected that their work would be evaluated by experts, and others expected no evaluation. Evaluation expectation was crossed, in... View Details
      Keywords: Creativity; Social Psychology; Situation or Environment; Motivation and Incentives; Performance Evaluation
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      Amabile, T. M., P. Goldfarb, and S. C. Brackfield. "Social Influences on Creativity: Evaluation, Coaction, and Surveillance." Creativity Research Journal 3 (1990): 6–21.
      • July 1987 (Revised August 1997)
      • Course Overview Note

      Entrepreneurial Finance: Course Introduction

      By: William A. Sahlman
      Designed to introduce students in Entrepreneurial Finance to the subject matter and modus operandi of the course. Also included is an annotated bibliography. View Details
      Keywords: Entrepreneurship; Finance
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      Sahlman, William A. "Entrepreneurial Finance: Course Introduction." Harvard Business School Course Overview Note 288-004, July 1987. (Revised August 1997.)
      • November 1983
      • Article

      Subjective Probability and the Theory of Games: Some Further Comment

      By: A. E. Roth and F. Schoumaker
      Keywords: Theory; Games, Gaming, and Gambling
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      Roth, A. E., and F. Schoumaker. "Subjective Probability and the Theory of Games: Some Further Comment." Management Science 29, no. 11 (November 1983): 1337–1340.
      • January 1982
      • Article

      A Negativity Bias in Interpersonal Evaluation

      By: T. M. Amabile and A. H. Glazebrook
      Two studies were conducted to demonstrate a bias toward negativity in evaluations of persons or their work in particular social circumstances. In Study 1, subjects evaluated materials written by peers. Those working under conditions that placed them in low status... View Details
      Keywords: Social Psychology; Status and Position; Prejudice and Bias; Performance Evaluation; Situation or Environment; Perception; Attitudes
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      Amabile, T. M., and A. H. Glazebrook. "A Negativity Bias in Interpersonal Evaluation." Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 18 (January 1982): 1–22.
      • November 1982
      • Article

      The Social Psychology of Creativity: A Consensual Assessment Technique

      By: T. M. Amabile
      States that both the popular creativity tests, such as the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking, and the subjective assessment techniques used in some previous creativity studies are ill-suited to social psychological studies of creativity. A consensual definition of... View Details
      Keywords: Social Psychology; Creativity; Measurement and Metrics; Research; Perception; Theory
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      Amabile, T. M. "The Social Psychology of Creativity: A Consensual Assessment Technique." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 43, no. 5 (November 1982): 997–1013.
      • 1982
      • Article

      When Self-Descriptions Contradict Behavior: Actions do Speak Louder than Words

      By: T. M. Amabile and L. Kabat
      Subjects viewed two videotapes, one depicting a stimulus person's self-description and the other depicting that person's behavior in a conversation, according to a four-way factorial design personality descriptor used in the self-description ("introvert" or... View Details
      Keywords: Behavior; Perception; Cognition and Thinking; Judgments
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      Amabile, T. M., and L. Kabat. "When Self-Descriptions Contradict Behavior: Actions do Speak Louder than Words." Social Cognition 1 (1982): 311–335.
      • Article

      Temporary General Equilibrium in a Sequential Trading Model with Spot and Futures Transactions

      By: Jerry R. Green
      The existence of an equilibrium is proven for a two-period model in which there are spot transactions and futures transactions in the first period and spot markets in the second period. Prices at that date are viewed with subjective uncertainty by all traders. This... View Details
      Keywords: Equilibrium; Sequential Trading; Econometric Models
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      Green, Jerry R. "Temporary General Equilibrium in a Sequential Trading Model with Spot and Futures Transactions." Econometrica 41, no. 6 (November 1973): 1103–1123.
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