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      • March 2019 (Revised April 2021)
      • Case

      The DivaCup: Navigating Distribution and Growth

      By: Ayelet Israeli
      When the mother-daughter founders of DivaCup set out with a mission to disrupt the menstrual care industry with an innovative product form, they initially struggled to gain legitimacy and convince retailers to carry their unique product. Fifteen years later, the... View Details
      Keywords: Female; Female Ceo; Female Entrepreneur; Female Protagonist; Health & Wellness; Healthcare; Price Policies; Minimum Advertised Price; Differentiation; Positioning; Growth; Health; Health Care and Treatment; Price; Disruption; Distribution; Distribution Channels; Competitive Strategy; Competition; Growth Management; Mission and Purpose; Product Development; Product Marketing; Product Launch; Product Positioning; Advertising; Business Startups; Internet and the Web; Entrepreneurship; Social Entrepreneurship; Social Issues; Social Enterprise; Retail Industry; Medical Devices and Supplies Industry; Manufacturing Industry; Health Industry; Green Technology Industry; Education Industry; Distribution Industry; Consumer Products Industry; Canada; United States; United Kingdom
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      Israeli, Ayelet. "The DivaCup: Navigating Distribution and Growth." Harvard Business School Case 519-055, March 2019. (Revised April 2021.)
      • February 2019
      • Supplement

      KITEA: Democratizing Furniture in Morocco (PowerPoint supplement)

      By: Ramon Casadesus-Masanell
      This PowerPoint accompanies the KITEA cases and the associated teaching note. The KITEA series of cases (A-F) details how the Moroccan furniture company KITEA prepared for the entry of IKEA into the Moroccan market and describes the outcome of that entry. View Details
      Keywords: KITEA; IKEA; Furniture; Furniture Industry; Entry Strategy; Responding To Entry; Localization; Competitive Interaction; Private Sector; For-Profit Firms; Business Model; Business Strategy; Strategic Planning; Competitive Strategy; Competitive Advantage; Adaptation; Corporate Strategy; Retail Industry; Africa; North Africa; Morocco
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      Casadesus-Masanell, Ramon. "KITEA: Democratizing Furniture in Morocco (PowerPoint supplement)." Harvard Business School PowerPoint Supplement 719-807, February 2019.
      • February 2019 (Revised September 2021)
      • Case

      The a2 Milk Company

      By: Benjamin C. Esty and Daniel Fisher
      The a2 Milk Company (a2MC) became the most valuable company listed on the New Zealand stock exchange in 2018 by capitalizing on a biochemical discovery related to the protein composition of cow's milk. Because many people find the A1 protein difficult to digest, and... View Details
      Keywords: Judo Economics; Market Entry; Innovation; Barriers To Response; Industry Attractiveness; Advantage Horizon; Sustainability; First-mover Advantage; Scope; Strategy Execution; Strategic Evolution; Biochemistry; Genetics; Branding; Commodity; Milk; Dairy; Infant Formula; Farming; Porter's Five Forces; Competitive Advantage; Corporate Strategy; Value Creation; Competition; Disruption; Innovation and Invention; Five Forces Framework; Market Entry and Exit
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      Esty, Benjamin C., and Daniel Fisher. "The a2 Milk Company." Harvard Business School Case 719-424, February 2019. (Revised September 2021.)
      • 2019
      • Working Paper

      Understanding and Overcoming Roadblocks to Environmental Sustainability. Past Roads and Future Prospects

      By: Ann-Kristin Bergquist, Shawn A. Cole, John Ehrenfeld, Andrew A. King and Auden Schendler
      This working paper examines key barriers to business sustainability discussed at a multidisciplinary conference held at the Harvard Business School in 2018. Drawing on perspectives from both the historical and business literatures, speakers debated the historical... View Details
      Keywords: Environmental Sustainability; Problems and Challenges; History; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Opportunities
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      Bergquist, Ann-Kristin, Shawn A. Cole, John Ehrenfeld, Andrew A. King, and Auden Schendler. "Understanding and Overcoming Roadblocks to Environmental Sustainability. Past Roads and Future Prospects." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 19-067, January 2019.
      • January 2019 (Revised February 2019)
      • Supplement

      The a2 Milk Company

      By: Benjamin C. Esty, Daniel Fisher and Greg Saldutte
      The a2 Milk Company (a2MC) became the most valuable company listed on the New Zealand stock exchange in 2018 by capitalizing on a biochemical discovery related to the protein composition of cow's milk. Because many people find the A1 protein difficult to digest, and... View Details
      Keywords: Judo Economics; Market Entry; Innovation; Barriers To Response; Industry Attractiveness; Advantage Horizon; Sustainability; First-mover Advantage; Scope; Strategy Execution; Strategic Evolution; Biochemistry; Genetics; Branding; Commodity; Milk; Dairy; Infant Formula; Farming; Porter's Five Forces; Competitive Advantage; Corporate Strategy; Value Creation; Competition; Market Entry and Exit; Disruption; Innovation and Invention; Five Forces Framework; Consumer Products Industry; New Zealand; Australia; China
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      Esty, Benjamin C., Daniel Fisher, and Greg Saldutte. "The a2 Milk Company." Harvard Business School Spreadsheet Supplement 719-804, January 2019. (Revised February 2019.)
      • January 2019 (Revised January 2021)
      • Case

      KITEA (A): Democratizing Furniture in Morocco

      By: Ramon Casadesus-Masanell and Gamze Yucaoglu
      The case opens in 2013 as Amine Benkirane, founder and CEO of the leading Moroccan furniture company KITEA, contemplates the loss his company has incurred for the first time in its 20-year history. The case then describes KITEA’s origins and provides a detailed... View Details
      Keywords: Retail; KITEA; Furniture; Furniture Industry; Entry Strategy; Responding To Entry; Localization; Competitive Interaction; Private Sector; For-Profit Firms; Business Model; Business Strategy; Strategic Planning; Strategy; Competitive Strategy; Adaptation; Corporate Strategy; Competitive Advantage; Retail Industry; Africa; Morocco
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      Casadesus-Masanell, Ramon, and Gamze Yucaoglu. "KITEA (A): Democratizing Furniture in Morocco." Harvard Business School Case 719-420, January 2019. (Revised January 2021.)
      • Article

      Friends or Foes? Examining Platform Owners' Entry into Complementors' Spaces

      By: Feng Zhu
      As platform owners continue to expand their ecosystems, many of them have started to provide consumers with their own complementary applications. These moves position the platform owners as direct competitors to their complementors. This paper surveys empirical studies... View Details
      Keywords: Platform; Complementors; Digital Platforms; Market Entry and Exit; Competition
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      Zhu, Feng. "Friends or Foes? Examining Platform Owners' Entry into Complementors' Spaces." Special Issue on Platforms. Journal of Economics & Management Strategy 28, no. 1 (Spring 2019): 23–28.
      • 2018
      • Working Paper

      Platform Competition: Betfair and the U.K. Market for Sports Betting

      By: Ramon Casadesus-Masanell and Neil Campbell
      We examine two episodes of strategic interaction in the U.K. betting industry: (i) Betfair (an entrant multi-sided platform or MSP) vs. Flutter (also an MSP), and (ii) Betfair vs. traditional bookmakers. We find that although Betfair was an underfunded second mover in... View Details
      Keywords: Platform Design; Betting; Digital Platforms; Design; Network Effects; Business Model; Competition; Cooperation; Market Entry and Exit
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      Casadesus-Masanell, Ramon, and Neil Campbell. "Platform Competition: Betfair and the U.K. Market for Sports Betting." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 19-057, November 2018.
      • November 2018
      • Case

      Yatooq: Longing for Arabic Coffee

      By: Mark Roberge, Gamze Yucaoglu and Samer Al-Rachedy
      As one of the few female entrepreneurs in Saudi Arabia, Lateefa Alwaalan had been trying to produce the perfect cup of Arabic coffee for over a decade. In 2007, she began testing various coffee blends, which she later branded Yatooq, the Arabic word for “craving” or... View Details
      Keywords: Entrepreneurial Sales; Entrepreneurial Selling; Entrepreneurial Marketing; Barrier To Entry; Business Start-ups; Yatooq; Entrepreneurship; Private Sector; For-Profit Firms; Business Strategy; Patents; Business Startups; Strategic Planning; Competitive Strategy; Adaptation; Corporate Entrepreneurship; Corporate Strategy; Food and Beverage Industry; Saudi Arabia; Asia
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      Roberge, Mark, Gamze Yucaoglu, and Samer Al-Rachedy. "Yatooq: Longing for Arabic Coffee." Harvard Business School Case 819-075, November 2018.
      • Summer, 2018
      • Article

      Innovation, Reallocation and Growth

      By: Daron Acemoglu, Ufuk Akcigit, Harun Alp, Nicholas Bloom and William R. Kerr
      We build a model of firm-level innovation, productivity growth, and reallocation featuring endogenous entry and exit. A new and central economic force is the selection between high- and low-type firms, which differ in terms of their innovative capacity. We estimate the... View Details
      Keywords: Entry; Growth; Industrial Policy; Innovation; R&D; Reallocation; Selection; Market Entry and Exit; Growth and Development; Innovation and Invention; Research and Development; Performance Productivity
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      Acemoglu, Daron, Ufuk Akcigit, Harun Alp, Nicholas Bloom, and William R. Kerr. "Innovation, Reallocation and Growth." American Economic Review 108, no. 11 (November 2018): 3450–3491.
      • October 2018
      • Article

      Competing with Complementors: An Empirical Look at Amazon.com

      By: Feng Zhu and Qihong Liu
      Platform owners sometimes enter complementors' product spaces to compete against them directly. Prior studies have offered two possible explanations for such entries: platform owners may target the most successful complementors so as to appropriate value from their... View Details
      Keywords: Amazon; Complementors; Co-opetition; Entry; Platform-based Markets; Competition; Digital Platforms; Competitive Strategy
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      Zhu, Feng, and Qihong Liu. "Competing with Complementors: An Empirical Look at Amazon.com." Strategic Management Journal 39, no. 10 (October 2018): 2618–2642.
      • 2018
      • Working Paper

      Ratcheting, Competition, and the Diffusion of Technological Change: The Case of Televisions Under an Energy Efficiency Program

      By: Tomomichi Amano and Hiroshi Ohashi
      In differentiated goods markets with societal implications, quality standards are commonly implemented to avoid the under-provision of innovation. Firms have clear incentives to engage in strategic behavior because policymakers use market outcomes as a benchmark in... View Details
      Keywords: Product Differentiation; Energy Efficiency Standards; Ratcheting; Diffusion Of Innovation; Technological Innovation; Competition; Quality; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Policy
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      Amano, Tomomichi, and Hiroshi Ohashi. "Ratcheting, Competition, and the Diffusion of Technological Change: The Case of Televisions Under an Energy Efficiency Program." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 19-021, September 2018.
      • 2021
      • Working Paper

      From Immigrants to Americans: Race and Assimilation During the Great Migration

      By: Vasiliki Fouka, Soumyajit Mazumder and Marco Tabellini
      How does the arrival of a new minority group affect the social acceptance and outcomes of existing minorities? We study this question in the context of the First Great Migration. Between 1915 and 1930, 1.5 million African Americans moved from the U.S. South to Northern... View Details
      Keywords: Assimilation; Great Migration; Group Identity; Immigration; Race; History; United States
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      Fouka, Vasiliki, Soumyajit Mazumder, and Marco Tabellini. "From Immigrants to Americans: Race and Assimilation During the Great Migration." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 19-018, August 2018. (Revised May 2021. Forthcoming at Review of Economic Studies. Also appears in VoxEU, The New York Times, Broadstreet and in the Skepticast.)
      • August 2018
      • Case

      MISHA: Modernizing the World of Shisha

      By: William R. Kerr and Gamze Yucaoglu
      The case opens in 2017 with two of the five co-founders of MISHA telling the company’s CEO Michal Portz that they believe it is time for the global venture to shut down its operations and cease investments. Portz and another co-founder believe MISHA can still... View Details
      Keywords: Innovation And Management; Entrepreneurship; Private Sector; For-profit Firms; Business Strategy; Decision; Business Startups; Emerging Markets; Business Model; Marketing Strategy; Distribution Channels; Market Entry and Exit; Growth and Development Strategy; Competitive Advantage; Value Creation; Decision Choices and Conditions; Technology Industry; Qatar; United States
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      Kerr, William R., and Gamze Yucaoglu. "MISHA: Modernizing the World of Shisha." Harvard Business School Case 819-019, August 2018.
      • July 2018
      • Article

      Personality Traits of Entrepreneurs: A Review of Recent Literature

      By: Sari Pekkala Kerr, William R. Kerr and Tina Xu
      We review the extensive literature since 2000 on the personality traits of entrepreneurs. We first consider baseline personality traits like the Big-5 model, self-efficacy and innovativeness, locus of control, and the need for achievement. We then consider risk... View Details
      Keywords: Entrepreneurs; Venturing; Personality Traits; Characteristics; Big-5; Risk Attitudes; Goals; Skills; Entrepreneurship; Personal Characteristics; Goals and Objectives; Competency and Skills; Success; Demographics; Research
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      Kerr, Sari Pekkala, William R. Kerr, and Tina Xu. "Personality Traits of Entrepreneurs: A Review of Recent Literature." Foundations and Trends® in Entrepreneurship 14, no. 3 (July 2018): 279–356.
      • July 2018
      • Article

      Reimagining Health Data Exchange: An Application Programming Interface-Enabled Roadmap for India

      By: Satchit Balsari, Alexander Fortenko MD, MPH, Joaquin A. Blaya PhD, Adrian Gropper MD, Malavika Jayaram LLM, Rahul Matthan LLM, Ram Sahasranam, Mark Shankar MD, Suptendra N. Sarbadhikari PhD, Barbara Bierer, Kenneth D. Mandl MD, Sanjay Mehendale MD, MPH and Tarun Khanna
      In February 2018, the Government of India announced a massive public health insurance scheme extending coverage to 500 million citizens, in effect making it the world’s largest insurance program. To meet this target, the government will rely on technology to... View Details
      Keywords: Health Information Exchange; India; Health APIs; Health Care and Treatment; Information; Analytics and Data Science; Information Technology; Health Industry; India
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      Balsari, Satchit, Alexander Fortenko MD, MPH, Joaquin A. Blaya PhD, Adrian Gropper MD, Malavika Jayaram LLM, Rahul Matthan LLM, Ram Sahasranam, Mark Shankar MD, Suptendra N. Sarbadhikari PhD, Barbara Bierer, Kenneth D. Mandl MD, Sanjay Mehendale MD, MPH, and Tarun Khanna. "Reimagining Health Data Exchange: An Application Programming Interface-Enabled Roadmap for India." Journal of Medical Internet Research 20, no. 7 (July 2018).
      • July–August 2018
      • Article

      The Other Diversity Dividend

      By: Paul Gompers and Silpa Kovvali
      Researchers have struggled to establish a causal relationship between diversity and financial performance—especially at large companies, where decision rights and incentives can be murky, and the effects of any given choice can be tough to pin down. So the authors... View Details
      Keywords: Diversity; Decision Making; Finance; Performance Improvement; Venture Capital
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      Gompers, Paul, and Silpa Kovvali. "The Other Diversity Dividend." Harvard Business Review 96, no. 4 (July–August 2018): 72–77.
      • June 2018
      • Case

      Forta Furniture: International Expansion

      By: John A. Quelch and Karthik Easwar
      The Forta Furniture case highlights the need to consider new market expansion to grow a firm. It demonstrates that simply doing what has always been done is not sustainable when other competitors enter the market with differentiated or potentially superior offerings.... View Details
      Keywords: Market Entry and Exit; Global Range; Decision Making; Analysis; Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues; Growth and Development Strategy; Brands and Branding; Expansion
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      Quelch, John A., and Karthik Easwar. "Forta Furniture: International Expansion." Harvard Business School Brief Case 918-547, June 2018.
      • June 2018
      • Article

      Firm Turnover and the Return of Racial Establishment Segregation

      By: John-Paul Ferguson and Rembrand Koning
      Racial segregation between American workplaces is greater today than it was a generation ago. This increase has happened alongside the declines in within-establishment occupational segregation on which most prior research has focused. We examine more than 40 years of... View Details
      Keywords: Firm Entry; Stratification; Segregration; Entrepreneurship; Business Ventures; Employees; Diversity; Race; Segmentation; United States
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      Ferguson, John-Paul, and Rembrand Koning. "Firm Turnover and the Return of Racial Establishment Segregation." American Sociological Review 83, no. 3 (June 2018): 445–474.
      • 2018
      • Book

      High-Skilled Migration to the United States and Its Economic Consequences

      By: Gordon H. Hanson, William R. Kerr and Sarah Turner
      Immigration policy is one of the most contentious public policy issues in the United States today. High-skilled immigrants represent an increasing share of the U.S. workforce, particularly in science and engineering fields. These immigrants affect economic growth,... View Details
      Keywords: Immigration; Policy; Economics; Outcome or Result; United States
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      Hanson, Gordon H., William R. Kerr and Sarah Turner, eds. High-Skilled Migration to the United States and Its Economic Consequences. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 2018.
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