Publications

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April 2020 (Revised October 2021)
Case

SpaceX, Economies of Scale, and a Revolution in Space Access

By: Matthew C. Weinzierl, Kylie Lucas and Mehak Sarang

From the time he transformed the world of online banking, Elon Musk established himself as a bold innovator. After selling X.com to PayPal in 2002, he founded a series of revolutionary start-ups, starting with Space Exploration Technologies (SpaceX). Hoping to "make... View Details

Keywords: Space Tech; Space Access; Vision; Economies Of Scale; Technological Innovation; Emerging Markets; Commercialization; Finance; Aerospace Industry

June 2015
Case

B Lab: Can it Scale Business as a Force for Good?

By: Christopher Marquis and Matthew Lee

To achieve its goal of redefining success in business, B Lab recognizes it needs to scale. Its strategy to do so requires B Lab to depend heavily on new partners, venture into new markets, influence new audiences, and to strike a balance between standards and... View Details

Keywords: Organizational Change and Adaptation; Expansion; Social Entrepreneurship

2003
Chapter

The Evolution of Advanced Large Scale Information Infrastructure in the United States

By: Shane Greenstein, Mercedes Lizardo and Pablo Spiller

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2006
Case

Managing at Scale in the Long Beach Unified School District

By: James E. Austin, Allen S. Grossman, Robert B. Schwartz and Jennifer Suesse

Keywords: Education; Management; City; California

Summer 2011
Article

Mission, Margin, Mandate: The Many Paths to Scale for Impact Investees

By: Brian Trelstad and Robert Katz

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August 2024 (Revised September 2024)
Case

Dishoom: From Bombay with Love

By: Anjali M. Bhatt and Thomas J. DeLong

Shamil and Kavi Thakrar, co-founders of Dishoom, faced critical decisions as they looked to expand the UK-based restaurant group. Shamil, the CEO, was confident in Dishoom's potential for growth but he was concerned about preserving the culture and values centered... View Details

Keywords: Human Resource Management; Growth And Scaling; Organizational Culture; Values and Beliefs; Growth Management; Expansion; United Kingdom

August 2020
Case

Mary Guerrero and the Advancement of Latinx Talent: Developing an Employee Resource Group at a Top Tier Bank (A)

By: Rosabeth Moss Kanter and Amy Hernandez Turcios

Mary Guerrero was a first-generation Latina and an investment banking analyst at a top tier bank on Wall Street—Bulge Bracket Bank (BBB). She was committed to increasing representation of Latinx talent at her firm. She was already doing a lot of individual work to make... View Details

Keywords: Latin America; Bank; Representation; Scale; Inclusion; Coalition; Resources; Latinx; Talent and Talent Management; Diversity; Ethnicity; Banks and Banking; Leadership

April 2019 (Revised June 2019)
Case

Western Governors University: 10x Vision

By: William R. Kerr and Susie L. Ma

Western Governors University (WGU) was a nonprofit institution of higher education whose online learning model served more than 100,000 students in 2019 and was scaling rapidly. President Scott Pulsipher wanted to expand WGU’s reach to millions more with a plan called... View Details

Keywords: Online Education; Enrollment; Scaling; Higher Education; Internet and the Web; Business Model; Expansion; Growth and Development Strategy; Education Industry; United States

July 2017 (Revised March 2018)
Case

Magic Bus: From Childhood to Livelihood

By: V. Kasturi Rangan, Vikram Gandhi, Anjali Raina and Rachna Chawla

Founded in 1999 by Matthew Spacie to give poor children an opportunity to play, Magic Bus had evolved to a leading social enterprise engaged in sports for development, holistic childhood development, and livelihood training for youth between the ages of 6 to 18. By... View Details

Keywords: Nonprofit Management; Development; Growth And Scaling; Social Entrepreneurship; Growth and Development Strategy; Nonprofit Organizations; Management

June 2019
Teaching Note

Careem: Base Camp or Mountain Peak? Designing an OS for Scaling

By: Shikhar Ghosh and Shweta Bagai

Teaching Note for HBS No. 819-049. View Details

April 2016
Teaching Note

IBM and the Reinvention of High School (C): Toward P-TECH's Rapid National Expansion

By: Rosabeth Moss Kanter and Kelsi Stine-Rowe

Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 316-130. This Teaching Note accompanies the third case in a 3-case series on P-TECH and the Reinvention of High School. The case focuses on the development and early diffusion of organizational innovation—how to create pilot projects for... View Details

Keywords: IBM; P-TECH; Stanley Litow; Robin Wilner; Cuomo; Scaling; Innovation; New York State; New York City; Business Model; Innovation Strategy; Innovation Leadership; Education; Business and Community Relations; Change; Technology Industry; New York (state, US); New York (city, NY)

August 2019 (Revised March 2023)
Case

Rand Fishkin at Moz (A)

By: Thomas R. Eisenmann

In 2016, senior management at Moz, a venture capital–backed startup providing software tools for digital marketing professionals, must decide how to address a looming cash flow crisis precipitated by failed efforts to broaden its product line. Seattle-based Moz had... View Details

Keywords: Startups; Scaling; Entrepreneurship; Failure; Business Startups; Diversification; Growth Management; Technology Industry

2023
Working Paper

Where Strategy Matters: Evidence from a Global Startup Field Study

By: Nataliya Langburd Wright

The role of strategy for innovative startups is theoretically ambiguous and much debated among practitioners. I interviewed executives of 253 scaling software ventures from 34 countries and scored the alignment of their market and organizational choices to detect... View Details

Keywords: Entrepreneurship And Strategy; Scaling Technology Ventures; Global Contextual Intelligence; Strategy; Entrepreneurship; Global Strategy; Growth and Development Strategy

SSRN

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2006
Teaching Note

Managing at Scale in the Long Beach Unified School District, Teaching Note

By: James E. Austin, Allen Grossman and Jennifer Suesse

Keywords: Education; Management; City; California

1988
Chapter

Evaluation of Government Financial Incentives to Large Scale Energy Projects: A Contingent Claims Approach

By: Carliss Y. Baldwin and Scott P. Mason

Keywords: Energy; Projects; Motivation and Incentives; Sovereign Finance; Business and Government Relations; Mathematical Methods; Energy Industry

June 2012
Teaching Note

Cancer Treatment Centers of America: Scaling the Mother Standard of Care (TN)

By: Rosabeth Moss Kanter and Matthew Bird

September 2020
Teaching Note

Mary Guerrero and the Advancement of Latinx Talent: Developing an Employee Resource Group at a Top Tier Bank (A) and (B)

By: Rosabeth Moss Kanter and Amy Hernandez Turcios

Teaching Note for HBS Case Nos. 321-017 and 321-018. View Details

Keywords: Latinx; Bank; Latin America; Representation; Scale; Inclusion; Coalition; Resources; Talent and Talent Management; Diversity; Ethnicity; Banks and Banking; Leadership

January 2024 (Revised January 2025)
Case

Huawei: Resilience amid Autarky and Adversity

By: William C. Kirby and Daniel Fu

In September 2023, Huawei made a dramatic return to the global smartphone space with the launch of its Mate 60 Pro smartphone, equipped with an indigenously designed, 7nm chip. This came despite a myriad of export controls and restrictions imposed against the company... View Details

March 2014 (Revised October 2015)
Case

Teach For China and the Chinese Nonprofit Sector

By: William C. Kirby and Erica M. Zendell

Teach For China was founded in 2008 with the mission of expanding educational opportunity across China. By 2013, Andrea Pasinetti's lofty dream had taken flight: over 300 graduates from top American and Chinese universities were participating in its 2-year teaching... View Details

Keywords: Nonprofit; China; Business And Government Relations; Business And Poverty; Business And Society; Emerging Market Entrepreneurship; Emerging Market; NGO; Education; Entrepreneurship; Social Enterprise; Emerging Markets; Non-Governmental Organizations; Nonprofit Organizations; Education Industry; China