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  • 16 May 2007
  • Working Paper Summaries

On The General Relativity of Fiscal Language

Keywords: by Jerry Green & Laurence J. Kotlikoff
  • January 2025
  • Case

Cyber Oversight: SolarWinds Board of Directors

By: Lynn S. Paine
In 2020, just two years after its IPO, information technology company SolarWinds discovered that it was the victim of an attack on its information systems by Russian hackers. The incident, known as the Sunburst attack, was costly for the company, and certain... View Details
Keywords: Corporate Governance; Corporate Accountability; Governing and Advisory Boards; Cybersecurity; Lawsuits and Litigation; Legal Liability; Business and Shareholder Relations; Risk Management; Information Technology Industry; United States; Texas; Delaware
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  • December 2012
  • Article

Evidence on the Use of Unverifiable Estimates in Required Goodwill Impairment

By: Karthik Ramanna and Ross L. Watts
SFAS 142 requires managers to estimate the current fair value of goodwill to determine goodwill write-offs. In promulgating the standard, the FASB predicted managers will, on average, use the fair value estimates to convey private information on future cash flows. The... View Details
Keywords: Goodwill Impairment; Fair-value Accounting; FASB; SFAS 142; Fair Value Accounting; Standards; Cash Flow; Agency Theory; Motivation and Incentives; Forecasting and Prediction; Goodwill Accounting
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  • 2010
  • Working Paper

Prosocial Spending and Well-Being: Cross-Cultural Evidence for a Psychological Universal

By: Lara B. Aknin, Christopher P. Barrington-Leigh, Elizabeth W. Dunn, John F. Helliwell, Robert Biswas-Diener, Imelda Kemeza, Paul Nyende, Claire Ashton-James and Michael I. Norton
This research provides the first support for a possible psychological universal: human beings around the world derive emotional benefits from using their financial resources to help others (prosocial spending). Analyzing survey data from 136 countries, we show that... View Details
Keywords: Spending; Philanthropy and Charitable Giving; Happiness; Motivation and Incentives; Welfare; Uganda; Canada
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  • February 1997 (Revised March 1998)
  • Case

Smith Breeden Associates: The Equity Plus Fund (A)

By: Robert C. Merton and Alberto Moel
In early 1997, Smith Breeden Associates, a money management and consulting firm, was pondering the future of the Equity Plus Fund. The Equity Plus Fund was an S&P enhanced-index fund that tried to outperform the S&P Index by replicating the index using low-cost... View Details
Keywords: Assets; Cash; Financial Markets; Financial Strategy; Mortgages; Investment Funds; Investment Portfolio; Marketing; Performance; Consulting Industry
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  • 2016
  • Working Paper

Henry Kissinger: Negotiating Black Majority Rule in Southern Africa

By: James K. Sebenius, R. Nicholas Burns, Robert H. Mnookin and L. Alexander Green
In 1976, United States Secretary of State Henry A. Kissinger conducted a series of intricate, multiparty negotiations in Southern Africa to persuade white Rhodesian leader Ian Smith to accede to black majority rule. Conducted near the end of President Gerald Ford’s... View Details
Keywords: Equality and Inequality; Negotiation Process; Race; Negotiation Participants; Negotiation Deal; Government and Politics; Africa; United States
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    Robert C. Merton

    Robert C. Merton is the School of Management Distinguished Professor of Finance at the MIT Sloan School of Management.

    Merton is University Professor Emeritus at Harvard University and was the George Fisher Baker Professor of... View Details

    Keywords: banking; brokerage; financial services; insurance industry; investment banking industry; retail financial services
    • Article

    Trust and Incentives in Agency

    By: Ramon Casadesus-Masanell and Daniel F Spulber
    Contracts between a principal and an agent are not formed in a vacuum. Although formal contracts between a principal and an agent contain explicit incentives for performance, the relationship between a principal and an agent also involves implicit incentives. Three... View Details
    Keywords: Trust; Motivation and Incentives; Agency Theory; Contracts; Market Transactions; Performance; Relationships; Societal Protocols; Legal Liability; Cost
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    • 2005
    • Working Paper

    Can Mutual Fund Managers Pick Stocks? Evidence from Their Trades Prior to Earnings Announcements

    By: Malcolm Baker, Lubomir Litov, Jessica Wachter and Jeffrey Wurgler
    We consider measures of stock-picking skill of mutual fund managers based on the earnings announcement returns of the stocks that they hold and trade. Relative to standard approaches, this approach focuses on an especially informative subset of the returns data,... View Details
    Keywords: Stocks; Asset Management; Business Earnings; Forecasting and Prediction; Competency and Skills
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      Frank Nagle

      Frank Nagle is an assistant professor in the Strategy Unit at Harvard Business School. Professor Nagle studies how competitors can collaborate on the creation of core technologies, while still competing on the products and services built on top of them - especially... View Details

      • 2015
      • Working Paper

      A Theory of Intergenerational Mobility

      By: Gary Becker, Scott Duke Kominers, Kevin Murphy and Jorg L. Spenkuch
      We develop a model of intergenerational resource transmission that emphasizes the link between cross-sectional inequality and intergenerational mobility. By drawing on first principles of human capital theory, we derive several novel results. In particular, we show... View Details
      Keywords: Intergenerational Mobility; Inequality; Complementarities; Human Capital; Equality and Inequality; Income; Family and Family Relationships
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      • 2010
      • Working Paper

      Agency Revisited

      By: Ramon Casadesus-Masanell and Daniel F. Spulber
      The article presents a comprehensive overview of the principal-agent model that emphasizes the role of trust in the agency relationship. The analysis demonstrates that the legal remedy for breach of duty can result in a full-information efficient outcome eliminating... View Details
      Keywords: Ethics; Contracts; Agency Theory; Mathematical Methods; Behavior; Trust
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      • Research Summary

      Optimal Contracting with Reciprocal Agents

      (with Florian Englmaier) (Job Market Paper)

       Abstract: Empirically, compensation systems often seem to generate substantial effort despite weak incentives. We consider reciprocal motivations as a source of incentives. We solve for the optimal... View Details

      • Spring 2021
      • Article

      Corporate Resilience and Response During COVID-19

      By: Alex Cheema-Fox, Bridget LaPerla, George Serafeim and Hui (Stacie) Wang
      The coronavirus pandemic caused a sharp market decline while raising heterogeneous responses across companies related to their employees, supply chain, and repurposing of operations to provide needed products and services. We study whether during the 2020 COVID-19... View Details
      Keywords: ESG; COVID-19; Coronavirus; Crisis Response Plans; Crisis; ESG (Environmental, Social, Governance) Performance; ESG Ratings; Leadership & Corporate Accountability; Big Data; Machine Learning; Investor Behavior; Institutional Investors; Corporate Performance; Health Pandemics; Crisis Management; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Human Capital; Supply Chain; Operations; Leadership; Corporate Accountability; Institutional Investing; Performance
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      • March 2014
      • Article

      Search Diversion and Platform Competition

      By: Andrei Hagiu and Bruno Jullien
      Platforms use search diversion in order to trade off total consumer traffic for higher revenues derived by exposing consumers to unsolicited products (e.g., advertising). We show that competition between platforms leads to lower equilibrium levels of search diversion... View Details
      Keywords: Market Intermediation; Search; Two-Sided Markets; Platform Design; Platform Competition; Competition; Two-Sided Platforms
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      • Research Summary

      Discontinuous Trading: A Poisson Model of Liquidity Pools (May 2005)

      Abstract: Liquidity can be defined as the ability to trade instantaneously at fundamental value. When opportunities to trade at fundamental value are the exception, not the rule, investors may in practice trade only during these short-lived liquidity pools. To capture... View Details
      • January 2025
      • Article

      Communication Within Firms: Evidence from CEO Turnovers

      By: Stephen Michael Impink, Andrea Prat and Raffaella Sadun
      This paper uses novel, firm-level communication measures derived from communications metadata several months before and after a CEO transition for 102 firms to study whether and how this organizational event is reflected in employees’ communication flows. We find that... View Details
      Keywords: Information; Communication; Management Succession; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Alignment
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      • June 2016
      • Article

      Corporate Governance and Executive Compensation for Corporate Social Responsibility

      By: Bryan Hong, Zhichuan (Frank) Li and Dylan B. Minor
      We link the corporate governance literature in financial economics to the agency cost perspective of corporate social responsibility (CSR) to derive theoretical predictions about the relationship between corporate governance and the existence of executive compensation... View Details
      Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility; Incentives For CSR; Non-financial Performance Measures; Agency Costs; Board Independence; Institutional Holdings; Managerial Power; Motivation and Incentives; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Executive Compensation; Corporate Governance
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      • February 2011
      • Article

      Dividend Taxes and International Portfolio Choice

      By: Mihir Desai and Dhammika Dharmapala
      This paper investigates how dividend taxes influence portfolio choices, using the response to the distinctive treatment of a subset of foreign dividends in the Jobs and Growth Tax Relief Reconciliation Act (JGTRRA) of 2003. An open-economy after-tax capital asset... View Details
      Keywords: Dividends; Portfolio Choice; Taxes; Tax Treaties; Foreign Portfolio Investment; Taxation; Lawfulness; Economy; Price; Equity; Stocks; Investment Portfolio; Opportunities; Behavior; United States
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      • March 1995 (Revised May 1997)
      • Case

      Stonyfield Farm: September 1994

      Samuel Kaymen and Gary Hirshberg founded Stonyfield Farm in 1983, in part to demonstrate that "environmentally and socially responsible businesses can also be profitable." In 1994, the company has grown to over $21 million in revenues, derived mainly from refrigerated... View Details
      Keywords: Growth Management; Animal-Based Agribusiness; Food; Business Growth and Maturation; Business Startups; Growth and Development Strategy; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; Food and Beverage Industry; New Hampshire; California; Russia
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