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      • May 2017 (Revised March 2018)
      • Case

      Predicting Consumer Tastes with Big Data at Gap

      By: Ayelet Israeli and Jill Avery
      CEO Art Peck was eliminating his creative directors for The Gap, Old Navy, and Banana Republic brands and promoting a collective creative ecosystem fueled by the input of big data. Rather than relying on artistic vision, Peck wanted the company to use the mining of big... View Details
      Keywords: Retailing; Preference Elicitation; Big Data; Predictive Analytics; Artificial Intelligence; Fashion; Marketing; Marketing Strategy; Marketing Channels; Brands and Branding; Consumer Behavior; Demand and Consumers; Analytics and Data Science; Forecasting and Prediction; E-commerce; Apparel and Accessories Industry; Consumer Products Industry; Fashion Industry; Retail Industry; United States; Canada; North America
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      Israeli, Ayelet, and Jill Avery. "Predicting Consumer Tastes with Big Data at Gap." Harvard Business School Case 517-115, May 2017. (Revised March 2018.)
      • May 2017
      • Teaching Note

      Hilti Fleet Management (A) and (B)

      By: Ramon Casadesus-Masanell, Oliver Gassmann and Roman Sauer
      These notes are meant to accompany Hilti Fleet Management (A): Turning a Successful Business Model on Its Head (717-427) and Hilti Fleet Management (B): Towards a New Business Model (717-465).
      This case explores the introduction of fleet management in the... View Details
      Keywords: Hilti; Business Model Innovation; BMI; Fleet Management; Decision-making; Implementation; Power Tools Industry; Europe; Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Business Model; Restructuring; Transformation; Transition; Customer Value and Value Chain; Customer Focus and Relationships; Construction; Innovation and Invention; Leasing; Strategy; Decision Making; Growth Management; Construction Industry; Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Germany; Austria; Europe; United States; Asia; Brazil; China; Latin America; Africa; Japan; Hong Kong; France; Italy; Spain
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      Casadesus-Masanell, Ramon, Oliver Gassmann, and Roman Sauer. "Hilti Fleet Management (A) and (B)." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 717-507, May 2017.
      • May 2017 (Revised September 2018)
      • Case

      Hilti Fleet Management (A): Turning a Successful Business Model on Its Head

      By: Ramon Casadesus-Masanell, Oliver Gassmann and Roman Sauer
      This case explores the introduction of fleet management in the construction industry by the premium power tools manufacturer Hilti in 2000. Following its customers’ needs, Hilti moved from selling power tools to leasing them as a service. The introduction of the new... View Details
      Keywords: Hilti; Business Model Innovation; BMI; Fleet Management; Decision-making; Implementation; Power Tools Industry; Business Model; Restructuring; Transformation; Transition; Customer Value and Value Chain; Customer Focus and Relationships; Construction; Innovation and Invention; Leasing; Strategy; Decision Making; Construction Industry; Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Germany; Austria; Europe; United States; Asia; Brazil; China; Japan; Hong Kong
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      Casadesus-Masanell, Ramon, Oliver Gassmann, and Roman Sauer. "Hilti Fleet Management (A): Turning a Successful Business Model on Its Head." Harvard Business School Case 717-427, May 2017. (Revised September 2018.)
      • May 2017 (Revised August 2021)
      • Case

      Mavi: Fashioning a Path to Brand Growth

      By: Jill Avery and Gamze Yucaoglu
      This case examines the strategic choices and business model with regards to branding at Mavi, a leading Turkish apparel retailer. The case is presented from the perspective of the company CEO and its global brand director who is also part owner. In 2015, Mavi had sales... View Details
      Keywords: Brand Management; Brand Architecture; Brand Portfolio Strategy; Brand Positioning; International Expansion; Retailing; Fashion; Pricing; Fast Fashion; Emerging Economies; Brand Extension; Marketing; Marketing Strategy; Brands and Branding; Emerging Markets; Growth and Development Strategy; Expansion; Global Range; Decision Choices and Conditions; Fashion Industry; Retail Industry; Turkey; Europe; Asia
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      Avery, Jill, and Gamze Yucaoglu. "Mavi: Fashioning a Path to Brand Growth." Harvard Business School Case 517-075, May 2017. (Revised August 2021.)
      • May 2017
      • Article

      The Reference Wars: Encyclopædia Britannica's Decline and Encarta's Emergence

      By: Shane Greenstein
      The experience of Encyclopædia Britannica provides the canonical example of the decline of an established firm at the outset of the digital age. Competition from Microsoft’s Encarta in 1993 led to sharp declines in the sales of books, which led to the distressed sale... View Details
      Keywords: Digital; Britannica; Diseconomies; Encyclopedias; Applications and Software; Books; Competition; Publishing Industry
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      Greenstein, Shane. "The Reference Wars: Encyclopædia Britannica's Decline and Encarta's Emergence." Strategic Management Journal 38, no. 5 (May 2017): 995–1017.
      • April 2017 (Revised October 2017)
      • Case

      Wal-Mart Update, 2017

      By: David B. Yoffie and Eric Baldwin
      In 2017 Wal-Mart was still the world’s largest company, with over $480 billion in annual revenue and operations in 28 countries. Although it had mostly vanquished its rival discount retailers in the U.S., it was struggling to find the right growth strategy. Facing a... View Details
      Keywords: E-Commerce Strategy; Strategy; Competitive Strategy; Business Growth and Maturation; Growth and Development Strategy; Global Range; Business Strategy; Corporate Strategy; E-commerce; Retail Industry
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      Yoffie, David B., and Eric Baldwin. "Wal-Mart Update, 2017." Harvard Business School Case 717-468, April 2017. (Revised October 2017.)
      • April 2017
      • Supplement

      Imprimis (C)

      By: Ramon Casadesus-Masanell, Karen Elterman and Marc Appel
      This case is a supplement to Imprimis (A & B). Set in 2015, it first describes Imprimis’s decision to introduce its own line of compounded eye drop medication called LessDrops. The case then examines the moral dilemma faced by CEO Mark Baum, who was struck by the... View Details
      Keywords: Health Care and Treatment; Cost; Moral Sensibility; Competitive Strategy; Decision Choices and Conditions; Pharmaceutical Industry; United States
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      Casadesus-Masanell, Ramon, Karen Elterman, and Marc Appel. "Imprimis (C)." Harvard Business School Supplement 717-497, April 2017.
      • March 2017 (Revised March 2019)
      • Case

      Ant Financial (A)

      By: Feng Zhu, Ying Zhang, Krishna G. Palepu, Anthony K. Woo and Nancy Hua Dai
      Headquartered in Hangzhou (China), Ant Financial has grown into a fintech “Unicorn.” The fintech empire that the company established spanned verticals such as mobile and online payment (Alipay), money market fund (Yu’e Bao), wealth management (Ant Fortune),... View Details
      Keywords: Growth and Development Strategy; Global Strategy; Finance; Opportunities; Financial Services Industry; Technology Industry
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      Zhu, Feng, Ying Zhang, Krishna G. Palepu, Anthony K. Woo, and Nancy Hua Dai. "Ant Financial (A)." Harvard Business School Case 617-060, March 2017. (Revised March 2019.)
      • February 2017 (Revised April 2018)
      • Case

      Kameda Seika: Cracking the U.S. Market

      By: Elie Ofek, Nobuo Sato and Akiko Kanno
      In spring 2016, Kameda’s CEO, Michiyasu Tanaka, is facing difficult questions from board members over the lackluster performance of the company’s U.S. subsidiary. Kameda was the leading player in the Japanese rice cracker market and was looking to expand overseas to... View Details
      Keywords: Marketing Strategy; Growth and Development Strategy; Adaptation; Performance Improvement; Food and Beverage Industry; Manufacturing Industry; Japan; United States
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      Ofek, Elie, Nobuo Sato, and Akiko Kanno. "Kameda Seika: Cracking the U.S. Market." Harvard Business School Case 517-095, February 2017. (Revised April 2018.)
      • January 2017 (Revised August 2019)
      • Case

      X Fire Paintball & Airsoft: Is Amazon a Friend or Foe? (A)

      By: Feng Zhu and Angela Acocella
      Three years after launching his brick-and-mortar store, X Fire Paintball and Airsoft, Steve Herbert Sr. and his sons began selling products on Amazon.com’s third-party Marketplace, and online sales expanded rapidly. Over time, X Fire noticed that products of which it... View Details
      Keywords: Ethics; Competition; Digital Platforms; Internet and the Web; Small Business; Retail Industry; Canada
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      Zhu, Feng, and Angela Acocella. "X Fire Paintball & Airsoft: Is Amazon a Friend or Foe? (A)." Harvard Business School Case 617-046, January 2017. (Revised August 2019.)
      • January 2017 (Revised August 2019)
      • Supplement

      X Fire Paintball & Airsoft: Is Amazon a Friend or Foe? (B)

      By: Feng Zhu and Angela Acocella
      Three years after launching his brick-and-mortar store, X Fire Paintball and Airsoft, Steve Herbert Sr. and his sons began selling products on Amazon.com’s third-party Marketplace and online sales expanded rapidly. Over time, X Fire noticed that products of which it... View Details
      Keywords: Ethics; Competition; Digital Platforms; Internet and the Web; Small Business; Retail Industry; Canada
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      Zhu, Feng, and Angela Acocella. "X Fire Paintball & Airsoft: Is Amazon a Friend or Foe? (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 617-047, January 2017. (Revised August 2019.)
      • January 2017
      • Case

      Bayer AG: Bidding to Win Merck's OTC Business

      By: Benjamin C. Esty, Marc Baaij and Arjen Mulder
      Shortly after submitting their best and final offer to acquire Merck's Consumer Care Division (a collection of "over-the-counter" (OTC) products with sales totaling $2 billion), the Bayer M&A team was given a chance to revise their bid because another potential... View Details
      Keywords: Acquisition; Bidding Strategy; Valuing Synergies; Negotiations; Corporate Strategy; Business Unit Strategy; Bidding Process; Discounted Cash Flow; Cross-border M&A; Tax Shields; Valuation; Competitive Strategy; Auctions; Bids and Bidding; Germany; United States; United Kingdom
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      Esty, Benjamin C., Marc Baaij, and Arjen Mulder. "Bayer AG: Bidding to Win Merck's OTC Business." Harvard Business School Case 217-021, January 2017.
      • January 2017 (Revised November 2018)
      • Case

      Navistar International: Competing Against PACCAR

      By: Benjamin Esty, Eric Van den Steen and Jeffrey Boyar
      In 2013, Navistar was in the midst of a deep crisis, having lost a third of its market share over the previous three years. Bill Kozek, the new president of Navistar North America Truck and Sales division needs to develop his division’s strategy as part of the... View Details
      Keywords: Business Strategy; Alignment; Competitive Advantage; Segmentation; Transportation Industry; Motorcycle Industry
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      Esty, Benjamin, Eric Van den Steen, and Jeffrey Boyar. "Navistar International: Competing Against PACCAR." Harvard Business School Case 717-452, January 2017. (Revised November 2018.)
      • January 2017 (Revised February 2018)
      • Case

      Godiva Japan: Think Local, Scale Global

      By: Rohit Deshpandé, Esel Cekin and Akiko Kanno
      This case tracks Jerome Chouchan’s strategies and execution for a successful turnaround of Godiva Japan’s operations, which were experiencing a decline in sales when he became the managing director of the company in 2010. Through various initiatives and innovations,... View Details
      Keywords: Branding; Internationalization; Innovation; Positioning; Customer Segmentation; Occasion-based Segmentation; Execution; Talent; Customer-focused Strategies; Product Positioning; Globalized Firms and Management; Change Management; Talent and Talent Management; Customer Focus and Relationships; Product; Segmentation; Innovation and Invention; Brands and Branding; Retail Industry; Food and Beverage Industry; Japan
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      Deshpandé, Rohit, Esel Cekin, and Akiko Kanno. "Godiva Japan: Think Local, Scale Global." Harvard Business School Case 517-056, January 2017. (Revised February 2018.)
      • November 2016 (Revised December 2016)
      • Case

      Anthology: Pivoting the Business Model

      By: Shikhar Ghosh and Christopher Payton
      In July 2014, after 18 months and eight unsuccessful product launches, the CEO of Yabbly has agreed to sell his company to a larger, well-funded startup, providing a return of capital for his investors and a home for his team. Two weeks prior to the scheduled closing,... View Details
      Keywords: Mergers & Acquisitions; Business Model; Business Plan; Business Startups; Entrepreneurship; Innovation Strategy; Mobile and Wireless Technology; Internet and the Web; Mergers and Acquisitions; Business Exit or Shutdown; Fairness; Valuation; Technology Industry; Consumer Products Industry; North America; United States; Seattle
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      Ghosh, Shikhar, and Christopher Payton. "Anthology: Pivoting the Business Model." Harvard Business School Case 817-066, November 2016. (Revised December 2016.)
      • November 2016
      • Article

      Spatial Organization of Firms and Location Choices Through the Value Chain

      By: Juan Alcacer and Mercedes Delgado
      We explore the impact of geographically bounded, intra-firm linkages (internal agglomerations) and geographically bounded, inter-firm linkages (external agglomerations) on firms' location strategies. Using data from the Census Bureau's Longitudinal Business Database,... View Details
      Keywords: Location Choices; Agglomeration Economies; Value Chain; Organization Theory; Geographic Location; Business Strategy
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      Alcacer, Juan, and Mercedes Delgado. "Spatial Organization of Firms and Location Choices Through the Value Chain." Management Science 62, no. 11 (November 2016).
      • October 2016 (Revised February 2019)
      • Case

      PTC: A Transformation to IoT

      By: Rajiv Lal and Sarah McAra
      In the 2010s, PTC, a leading provider of software for discrete manufacturers, faced maturing markets and changing customer needs as smart, connected products took hold—the rise of the Internet of Things (IoT). PTC saw a first mover advantage in entering the IoT space... View Details
      Keywords: Internet Of Things; IoT; Smart; Connected Products; Business Organization; Transformation; Customer Relationship Management; Innovation Strategy; Technological Innovation; Leading Change; Marketing; Product Development; Service Operations; Strategy; Competition; Technology Industry
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      Lal, Rajiv, and Sarah McAra. "PTC: A Transformation to IoT." Harvard Business School Case 517-033, October 2016. (Revised February 2019.)
      • October 2016 (Revised April 2018)
      • Case

      DataXu: Selling Ad Tech

      By: Frank V. Cespedes, John Deighton, Lisa Cox and Olivia Hull
      DataXu served marketers by buying digital advertising for brands using its demand-side platform. It sought a way to build a more predictable revenue stream in the very transactional media marketplace, and hoped that two new marketing analytics products would give it a... View Details
      Keywords: Sales Management; Pricing; Programmatic Ad Buying; "Marketing Analytics"; Advertising Technology; Sales; Digital Marketing; Marketing Strategy; Advertising Campaigns; Product Launch; Product Positioning; Media; Technology Industry; Advertising Industry; Boston; Massachusetts
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      Cespedes, Frank V., John Deighton, Lisa Cox, and Olivia Hull. "DataXu: Selling Ad Tech." Harvard Business School Case 817-012, October 2016. (Revised April 2018.)
      • September 2016 (Revised November 2017)
      • Case

      Casper Sleep Inc.: Marketing the 'One Perfect Mattress for Everyone'

      By: Robert J. Dolan
      “A Warby Parker of mattresses? Somebody is going to do it. Why not us?” This was the topic of a conversation begun in spring 2013 among Gabe Flateman, Philip Krim, Neil Parikh, and T. Luke Sherwin. The four met as members of a New York City venture accelerator... View Details
      Keywords: Mattress; Sleep; Marketing; Business Model; Marketing Channels; Adoption; Sales; Consumer Products Industry
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      Dolan, Robert J. "Casper Sleep Inc.: Marketing the 'One Perfect Mattress for Everyone'." Harvard Business School Case 517-042, September 2016. (Revised November 2017.)
      • August 2016 (Revised August 2017)
      • Case

      AnswerDash (Abridged)

      By: Elie Ofek and Jeffrey D. Shulman
      It is 2014 and AnswerDash, a startup backed by venture capital, has not seen the widespread adoption of their online self-service customer support solution that they were expecting based on early success in helping clients save and generate substantial amounts of... View Details
      Keywords: Pricing; Economic Value Estimation; Price Metrics; Organizational Selling; Innovation Adoption; Business To Business; Marketing; Customer Lifetime Value; Venture Capital; Customer Relationship Management; Price; Marketing Strategy; Entrepreneurship; Technology Adoption; Business Startups; Sales; Innovation and Invention; Product Marketing; Financial Services Industry
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      Ofek, Elie, and Jeffrey D. Shulman. "AnswerDash (Abridged)." Harvard Business School Case 517-020, August 2016. (Revised August 2017.)
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