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  • December 1986 (Revised March 1991)
  • Supplement

Caterpillar-Komatsu in 1986

By: Christopher A. Bartlett
Provides an update to the global competitive interaction between Caterpillar and Komatsu described in companion cases Caterpillar Tractor and Komatsu Ltd. Caterpillar's response to Komatsu's growing market share is outlined, then the impact of rapidly changing... View Details
Keywords: Competition; Currency Exchange Rate; Price; Global Strategy; Policy; Market Participation; Strategy; Industrial Products Industry; Industrial Products Industry; Industrial Products Industry
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  • 2025
  • Working Paper

Tracking the Short-Run Price Impact of U.S. Tariffs

By: Alberto Cavallo, Paola Llamas and Franco Vazquez
This paper examines the short-run impact of the 2025 U.S. tariffs on consumer prices using a unique integration of high-frequency retail pricing data, product-level country-of-origin information, and detailed tariff classifications. By linking daily prices from major... View Details
Keywords: Tariffs; Trade; Price; Inflation and Deflation
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  • May 2014
  • Article

Digital Dark Matter and the Economic Contribution of Apache

By: Shane Greenstein and Frank Nagle
Researchers have long hypothesized that research outputs from government, university, and private company R&D contribute to economic growth, but these contributions may be difficult to measure when they take a non-pecuniary form. The growth of networking devices and... View Details
Keywords: Open Source; Apache; Economic Measurement; Digital Economics; Measurement and Metrics; Open Source Distribution; Internet and the Web; Information Technology; Applications and Software; Economic Growth; Research and Development; Web Services Industry; Information Technology Industry; United States
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  • 2000
  • Working Paper

The Drivers of National Innovative Capacity: Implications for Spain and Latin America

By: Michael E. Porter, Jeffrey L. Furman and Scott Stern
In the past decade, both academic scholars and policymakers have focused increasing attention on the central role that technological innovation plays in economic growth. There are at least two distinct reasons for this increased interest. First, though economists have... View Details
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  • March 2023 (Revised May 2025)
  • Case

On

By: Ramon Casadesus-Masanell, Karolin Frankenberger and Sascha Mader
Founded in 2010, in just one decade, the Swiss company On had established itself as a main player in global sports footwear and apparel. Based on an unconventional strategy which one of the founders labeled as “obsessively distinct,” On grew its sales with a compound... View Details
Keywords: Brands and Branding; Business Growth and Maturation; Business Model; Business Startups; Business Strategy; Competitive Advantage; Competitive Strategy; Corporate Strategy; Customer Focus and Relationships; Customer Satisfaction; Digital Marketing; Disruptive Innovation; Distribution Channels; Entrepreneurship; Environmental Sustainability; Global Strategy; Initial Public Offering; Innovation and Invention; Innovation Strategy; Market Entry and Exit; Marketing Strategy; Product Design; Product Development; Product Marketing; Social Media; Strategy; Supply Chain Management; Technological Innovation; Apparel and Accessories Industry; Consumer Products Industry; Manufacturing Industry; Retail Industry; Sports Industry; Europe; Switzerland; Germany; United States
Related

    Tracking the Short-Run Price Impact of U.S. Tariffs

    This paper examines the short-run impact of the 2025 U.S. tariffs on consumer prices using a unique integration of high-frequency retail pricing data, product-level country-of-origin information, and detailed tariff classifications. By linking daily prices from major... View Details
    • 21 May 2013
    • Working Paper Summaries

    If Technology Has Arrived Everywhere, Why Has Income Diverged?

    Keywords: by Diego A. Comin & Martí Mestieri Ferrer

      Digital Dark Matter and the Economics of Apache

      Researchers have long hypothesized that research outputs from government, university, and private company R&D contribute to economic growth, but these contributions may be difficult to measure when they take a non-pecuniary form. The growth of networking... View Details
      • 2014
      • Case

      Microfinance Services in Rural Areas--Farmers' Self-reliance Branch of CFPA Microfinance in Shangyi County

      By: F. Warren McFarlan, Siqun Yang and Meihua Shen
      Microfinance is introduced into China in the 1990s. It had gone through 3 phases since the beginning, namely the pilot phase when all Microfinance practices are sponsored by charity funds based on projects, the promotion phase when the government subsidized some... View Details
      Keywords: Rural Entrepreneurship; Value Added; China; Risk Management; Microfinance; China
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      • 2013
      • Dissertation

      Designing Freemium: A Model of Consumer Usage, Upgrade, and Referral Dynamics

      By: Clarence Lee, Vineet Kumar and Sunil Gupta
      Abstract. Over the past decade "freemium" (free + premium) has become the dominant business model among internet start-ups for its ability to acquire and monetize a large install-base with limited marketing resources. Freemium is a hybrid strategy where a firm offers... View Details
      Keywords: Discrete-Continuous Choice Dynamic Structural Models; Bayesian Estimation; Word-of-Mouth; Digital Services; Freemium; Entrepreneurship; Business Model; Motivation and Incentives; Marketing Strategy; Internet and the Web; Consumer Behavior; Marketing Reference Programs; Business Startups
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      • September 2010
      • Case

      Aaron's: Household Goods for the U.S. Base of the Pyramid

      By: Michael Chu and Charles Augustus Smithgall IV
      With $2.5 billion system-wide revenues, Aaron's, a major rent-to-own supplier to the U.S. base of the pyramid, continues to grow in the recession, but CEO R.C. Loudermilk, Jr. wonders how long the company can sustain the fast growth rate of its past. Founded in 1955,... View Details
      Keywords: Fairness; For-Profit Firms; Renting or Rental; Financial Crisis; Demand and Consumers; Social Enterprise; Income; Goods and Commodities; Competitive Strategy; Growth and Development Strategy; Consumer Products Industry; United States
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      • 16 Oct 2018
      • First Look

      New Research and Ideas, October 16, 2018

      products of value to someone. The purpose of this chapter is to build a robust and versatile language that is capable of representing large technical systems. The language is based on elements I have labeled functional components. The... View Details
      Keywords: Dina Gerdeman
      • September 2016
      • Article

      History-based versus Uniform Pricing in Growing and Declining Markets

      By: Oz Shy, Rune Stenbacka and David Hao Zhang
      We analyze the Markov Perfect Equilibria of an infinite-horizon overlapping generations model with consumer lock-in to compare the performance of history-based and uniform pricing in growing and declining markets. Under history-based pricing, firms charge higher prices... View Details
      Keywords: History-based Pricing; Introductory Discount; Uniform Pricing; Consumer Lock-in; High Switching Costs; Demand and Consumers; Competition; Price; Market Entry and Exit; Product Marketing
      Related
      • 2014
      • Teaching Note

      Microfinance Services in Rural Areas--Farmers' Self-reliance Branch of CFPA Microfinance in Shangyi County (TN)

      By: F. Warren McFarlan, Yang Siqun and Shen Meihua
      Microfinance is introduced into China in the 1990s. It had gone through 3 phases since the beginning, namely the pilot phase when all Microfinance practices are sponsored by charity funds based on projects, the promotion phase when the government subsidized some... View Details
      Keywords: Microfinance; Rural Entrepreneurship; Value Added; China; China
      Related
      • Research Summary

      Overview

      By: Kyle R. Myers
      Professor Myers studies the economics of what determines the rate and direction of innovation. He has examined the reallocation of scientists through the use of targeted research grants at the National Institutes of Health, and is working to further understand how... View Details
      Keywords: Technology Networks; Commercialization; Science-Based Business; Research and Development; Knowledge Management; Patents; Innovation Strategy; Technological Innovation; Health Care and Treatment; Entrepreneurship; Health; Innovation and Invention; Science; Technology; Knowledge; Intellectual Property; Economics; Microeconomics; Biotechnology Industry; Health Industry; Pharmaceutical Industry; Technology Industry
      • Research Summary

      Competing on a Common Platform

      Why have over 100 firms joined the Eclipse Foundation to collectively produce an open source platform and tools for software application development? What are they trying to accomplish? This research analyzes IBMs divestment of the Eclipse Java Integrated Development... View Details
      • Research Summary

      The Function of Outlet Stores

      Outlet stores are ubiquitous in the retail environment, and many firms sell goods through outlets as well as their primary stores. Using a highly detailed data set from a major U.S. luxury fashion goods firm, Professor Ngwe is able to look at market segmentation by... View Details

      • 18 Mar 2008
      • Working Paper Summaries

      Modeling Expert Opinions on Food Healthiness: A Nutrition Metric

      Keywords: by Jolie Mae Martin, John Leonard Beshears, Katherine Lyford Milkman, Max H. Bazerman & Lisa Sutherland; Retail
      • September 2020
      • Teaching Note

      TransDigm in 2017: The Beginning of the End or the End of the Beginning?

      By: Benjamin C. Esty and Daniel Fisher
      Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 720-422. TransDigm was a highly acquisitive company that manufactured a wide range of highly engineered aerospace parts for both military and commercial customers. Over the ten years ending in 2016, its stock price had increase ten times,... View Details
      Keywords: Value Capturing; Pricing Strategy; Supplier Power; Buyer Power; Porter's Five Forces; Bargaining Power; Monopoly; Aerospace; Acquisition Strategy; Value Drivers; Ethical Behavior; Regulation; Growth Strategy; Business Ethics; Defense; Procurement; Sustainability; Value-Based Business Strategy; Acquisition; Ethics; Private Equity; Financial Strategy; Growth Management; Performance Evaluation; Business Strategy; Competitive Strategy; Horizontal Integration; Value Creation; Competitive Advantage; Aerospace Industry; Air Transportation Industry; United States
      Related
      • 20 Aug 2013
      • First Look

      First Look: August 20

      compensation plan. Substantively, the paper sheds insights on how different elements of the compensation plan enhance productivity. We find evidence that: (1) bonuses enhance productivity across all segments; (2) overachievement... View Details
      Keywords: Anna Secino