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- All HBS Web
(1,776)
- People (1)
- News (342)
- Research (1,100)
- Events (9)
- Multimedia (11)
- Faculty Publications (595)
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- December 2011
- Article
Platform Envelopment
By: Thomas R. Eisenmann, Geoffrey Parker and Marshall Van Alstyne
Due to network effects and switching costs in platform markets, entrants generally must offer revolutionary functionality. We explore a second entry path that does not rely upon Schumpeterian innovation: platform envelopment. Through envelopment, a provider in one... View Details
Keywords: Digital Platforms; Business and Stakeholder Relations; Economic Systems; Development Economics; Business or Company Management; Business Strategy; Network Effects; Information Technology Industry; Technology Industry
Eisenmann, Thomas R., Geoffrey Parker, and Marshall Van Alstyne. "Platform Envelopment." Strategic Management Journal 32, no. 12 (December 2011): 1270–1285.
- August 2003 (Revised November 2003)
- Background Note
Working Effectively with Counsel
Popular stereotypes of lawyers include "overhead," "Dr. No," "internal cop," "keep us out of trouble!" and "get us out of trouble!" Focus groups of business leaders queried in a survey by the Case Western Reserve University Law School associated the word "lawyer" with... View Details
Bagley, Constance E. "Working Effectively with Counsel." Harvard Business School Background Note 804-007, August 2003. (Revised November 2003.)
- April 2021
- Case
ClearChoice Dental Implant Centers
By: Robert S. Kaplan, Ashiana Jivraj and Jane Barrow
The case illustrates the application of value-based health care to dental medicine. ClearChoice Dental Implant Centers was a rapidly-growing network of dentist-owned independent implant clinics. The targeted market included 23 million people, 15% of the US adult... View Details
Keywords: Value-based Health Care; Dental Medicine; Growth and Development Strategy; Expansion; Business Strategy; Customer Value and Value Chain; Customer Focus and Relationships; Health Industry; United States
Kaplan, Robert S., Ashiana Jivraj, and Jane Barrow. "ClearChoice Dental Implant Centers." Harvard Business School Case 121-082, April 2021.
- Research Summary
The Connection Between Volatility and Leverage
Professor Siriwardane has co-developed a new econometric model that captures the link between equity volatility and financial leverage, driven by the desire to incorporate the record levels of both leverage and volatility that characterized the 2008 financial crisis... View Details
- February 2013 (Revised May 2013)
- Case
Juan Valdez: Innovation in Caffeination
By: Michael I. Norton and Jeremy Dann
Corporate entrepreneurs attempt to revive Colombia's famous Juan Valdez brand in the age of Starbucks, with café chain and packaged coffee ventures. In the 1970s and 80s, the iconic "Juan Valdez" ingredient brand was the most recognized in the world of coffee. The... View Details
Keywords: Innovation; Branding; Global Business; Sales; Marketing; Retailing; Corporate Strategy; Organizational Change; Corporate Entrepreneurship; Brands and Branding; Innovation and Invention
Norton, Michael I., and Jeremy Dann. "Juan Valdez: Innovation in Caffeination." Harvard Business School Case 513-090, February 2013. (Revised May 2013.)
- January 2022
- Case
Walmart USA—Searching for Growth
By: Felix Oberholzer-Gee and Maria P. Roche
In 2022, Doug McMillon, president and CEO of Walmart, and his team looked back at a difficult but ultimately successful past year. The global pandemic had posed enormous challenges, but the company had weathered the storm successfully, raising same-store sales growth,... View Details
Keywords: Health Pandemics; Growth and Development Strategy; Sales; Business Strategy; Business and Shareholder Relations; Retail Industry
Oberholzer-Gee, Felix, and Maria P. Roche. "Walmart USA—Searching for Growth." Harvard Business School Case 722-395, January 2022.
- June–July 2019
- Article
A Methodology for Operationalizing Enterprise IT Architecture and Evaluating Its Modifiability
By: Robert Lagerström, Alan MacCormack, David Dreyfus and Carliss Y. Baldwin
Recent contributions to information systems theory suggest that the primary role of a firm’s information technology (IT) architecture is to facilitate, and therefore ensure the continued alignment of a firm’s IT investments with a constantly changing business... View Details
Keywords: Enterprise Architecture; Modularity; Information Systems; Modifiability; Design Structure Matrix
Lagerström, Robert, Alan MacCormack, David Dreyfus, and Carliss Y. Baldwin. "A Methodology for Operationalizing Enterprise IT Architecture and Evaluating Its Modifiability." Complex Systems Informatics and Modeling Quarterly 19 (June–July 2019): 75–98.
- 2021
- Working Paper
First Law of Motion: Influencer Video Advertising on TikTok
By: Jeremy Yang, Juanjuan Zhang and Yuhan Zhang
This paper engineers an intuitive feature that is predictive of the causal effect of influencer video advertising on product sales. We propose the concept of m-score, a summary statistic that captures the extent to which a product is advertised in the most engaging... View Details
Keywords: Influencer Advertising; Video Advertising; Computer Vision; Machine Learning; Advertising; Online Technology
Yang, Jeremy, Juanjuan Zhang, and Yuhan Zhang. "First Law of Motion: Influencer Video Advertising on TikTok." Working Paper, March 2021.
- 2014
- Chapter
Better Timing of Cyber Conflict
By: Elisabeth Paulson and Christopher Griffin
In this paper, we construct a model of cyber-weapon deployment and attempt to determine an optimal deployment time for cyberweapons using this model. We compare and contrast our approach to that in Axelrod and Iliev (R. Axelrod and R. Iliev. Timing of cyber conflict.... View Details
Paulson, Elisabeth, and Christopher Griffin. "Better Timing of Cyber Conflict." In Proceedings of the Third ASE International Conference on Cyber Security. Los Angeles, CA: Academy of Science and Engineering, 2014.
- March 2020 (Revised October 2020)
- Case
Board Director Dilemmas—Digging into Detail
By: David G. Fubini, Suraj Srinivasan and Amram Migdal
This case explores a new board director who asks a detailed question about a footnote in the lengthy board packet distributed to directors by management. The case allows for discussion about the amount of information and level of detail provided by management, the... View Details
Fubini, David G., Suraj Srinivasan, and Amram Migdal. "Board Director Dilemmas—Digging into Detail." Harvard Business School Case 120-100, March 2020. (Revised October 2020.)
- December 2009
- Article
Estimation and Empirical Properties of a Firm-Year Measure of Accounting Conservatism
By: Mozaffar N. Khan and Ross L. Watts
We estimate a firm-year measure of accounting conservatism, examine its empirical properties as a metric, and illustrate applications by testing new hypotheses that shed further light on the nature and effects of conservatism. The results are consistent with the... View Details
Khan, Mozaffar N., and Ross L. Watts. "Estimation and Empirical Properties of a Firm-Year Measure of Accounting Conservatism." Journal of Accounting & Economics 48, nos. 2-3 (December 2009): 132–150.
- March 2020 (Revised May 2020)
- Case
Board Director Dilemmas—Family Affairs
By: David G. Fubini, Suraj Srinivasan and Amram Migdal
This case focuses on a new director who must help resolve a disagreement between two generations of leaders in a family business. The case raises questions of the proper role and approach for a director trying to manage a legitimate disagreement between shareholders... View Details
Fubini, David G., Suraj Srinivasan, and Amram Migdal. "Board Director Dilemmas—Family Affairs." Harvard Business School Case 120-103, March 2020. (Revised May 2020.)
- March 2011 (Revised September 2011)
- Background Note
Everyone and Everything is Online
By: Stephen P. Bradley and Nancy Bartlett
The twenty-first century digital world enabled mobile, empowered, content-hungry individuals to capture the value of enabling technologies and applications to manage, create, share, and influence content across the creation and delivery spectrum. Users were online in... View Details
Keywords: Communication Technology; Learning; Entertainment; Power and Influence; Internet and the Web; Value; Web Services Industry
Bradley, Stephen P., and Nancy Bartlett. "Everyone and Everything is Online." Harvard Business School Background Note 711-494, March 2011. (Revised September 2011.)
- February 2001 (Revised April 2001)
- Case
Merrill Lynch: Integrated Choice (Abridged)
By: F. Warren McFarlan and James Weber
Merrill Lynch, a full-service brokerage firm with $1.5 trillion in client assets, is under attack from both discount and electronic brokerage firms. It responds with Integrated Choice, a suite of products designed to capture clients, from the do-it-yourself investor... View Details
Keywords: Investment Banking; Marketing Strategy; Distribution Channels; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Risk and Uncertainty; Financial Services Industry
McFarlan, F. Warren, and James Weber. "Merrill Lynch: Integrated Choice (Abridged)." Harvard Business School Case 301-081, February 2001. (Revised April 2001.)
- August 1996 (Revised May 1997)
- Case
Delta & Pine Land: Measuring the Value of Transgenic Cotton
By: Ray A. Goldberg and Charlotte A. Tasker
Discusses the joint venture between two companies with different capabilities: 1) technology provider and 2) transportation agent. Discusses how to capture value from joint venture and biotechnology: 1) who are winners and who are losers; 2) how much value can/should... View Details
Keywords: Agribusiness; Joint Ventures; Marketing Strategy; Supply Chain Management; Performance Consistency; Information Technology; Transportation; Valuation; Biotechnology Industry
Goldberg, Ray A., and Charlotte A. Tasker. "Delta & Pine Land: Measuring the Value of Transgenic Cotton." Harvard Business School Case 597-005, August 1996. (Revised May 1997.)
- June 2023 (Revised February 2024)
- Case
Betting on Green Steel
By: George Serafeim and Sofoklis Melissovas
'Betting on Green Steel' traces the innovative journey embarked upon by a group of MBA students who have set out to conceive a novel steelmaker that pioneers the production of green steel. The ensemble is confronted with a series of critical choices that will shape the... View Details
Keywords: Decarbonization; Sustainability Management; Technology; Industrialization; Climate Risk; Energy; Entrepreneurship; Environmental Sustainability; Technology Adoption; Climate Change; Innovation and Invention; Business Strategy; Family Business; Steel Industry; Middle East; India
Serafeim, George, and Sofoklis Melissovas. "Betting on Green Steel." Harvard Business School Case 123-101, June 2023. (Revised February 2024.)
- June 2025
- Article
Who Benefits from Online Gig Economy Platforms?
By: Christopher T. Stanton and Catherine Thomas
Online labor platforms for short-term, remote work have many more job seekers than available jobs. Despite their relative abundance, workers capture a substantial share of the surplus from transactions. We draw this conclusion from demand estimates that imply workers'... View Details
Keywords: Gig Economy; Knowledge Workers; Online Platforms; Job Search; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Wages; Demand and Consumers
Stanton, Christopher T., and Catherine Thomas. "Who Benefits from Online Gig Economy Platforms?" American Economic Review 115, no. 6 (June 2025): 1857–1895.
- March 2022 (Revised March 2022)
- Module Note
Managing Customers in the Digital Era
By: Eva Ascarza
The last two decades have witnessed incredible technological advances that have transformed the ways customers connect with each other and enabled firms to track customers in multiple ways through various channels to personalize (and automize) their offerings at... View Details
Keywords: Customer Relationship Management; Customer Focus and Relationships; Technological Innovation
Ascarza, Eva. "Managing Customers in the Digital Era." Harvard Business School Module Note 522-066, March 2022. (Revised March 2022.)
- April 2016
- Teaching Note
Flipkart: Transitioning to a Marketplace Model
By: Sunil Gupta and Das Narayandas
In 2015, Sachin and Binny Bansal, co-founders of India's largest e-tailer, Flipkart, announced that the company would switch to a marketplace model and move its logistics arm into a separate company. At the time of the announcement, Snapdeal already claimed to be... View Details
- September 2017
- Case
Tencent
By: John R. Wells and Gabriel Ellsworth
Tencent had undergone many transformations since it was founded in 1998 as a simple messaging service. In 2017, it was the largest online games provider in China with a wide range of game types, China’s largest social networking service provider with several of the... View Details
Keywords: Tencent; Tencent Holdings; WeChat; Social Networking; Social Networks; Gaming; Gaming Industry; Video Games; Computer Games; Mobile Gaming; Portals; Payments; Mobile Payments; O2O; Online-to-offline; E-commerce; Messaging; Subscription Model; Freemium; Mobile App Industry; Smartphone; PC; Monetization Strategy; Antitrust; Streaming; Cloud Computing; Artificial Intelligence; Big Data; Alibaba; Facebook; JD.com; Tesla; Bundling; Synergies; Digital Strategy; Imitation; Licensing; Agility; Entry Barriers; Online Platforms; Advertising; Digital Marketing; Business Ventures; Acquisition; Mergers and Acquisitions; Business Conglomerates; Business Units; Business Growth and Maturation; Business Organization; For-Profit Firms; Joint Ventures; Restructuring; Communication; Communication Technology; Blogs; Interactive Communication; Interpersonal Communication; Entertainment; Film Entertainment; Games, Gaming, and Gambling; Music Entertainment; Investment; Investment Portfolio; Price; Profit; Revenue; Geographic Scope; Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues; Global Strategy; Multinational Firms and Management; Globalized Markets and Industries; Business History; Innovation Strategy; Technological Innovation; Business or Company Management; Goals and Objectives; Growth and Development Strategy; Product Positioning; Social Marketing; Network Effects; Emerging Markets; Market Entry and Exit; Digital Platforms; Industry Growth; Monopoly; Media; Distribution Channels; Product Development; Service Delivery; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Organizational Structure; Public Ownership; Problems and Challenges; Business and Government Relations; Groups and Teams; Networks; Opportunities; Social and Collaborative Networks; Strategy; Adaptation; Business Strategy; Commercialization; Competition; Competitive Advantage; Competitive Strategy; Cooperation; Corporate Strategy; Diversification; Expansion; Horizontal Integration; Vertical Integration; Segmentation; Information Technology; Internet and the Web; Mobile and Wireless Technology; Internet and the Web; Applications and Software; Information Infrastructure; Digital Platforms; Internet and the Web; Mobile and Wireless Technology; Value Creation; Communications Industry; Entertainment and Recreation Industry; Financial Services Industry; Information Industry; Information Technology Industry; Media and Broadcasting Industry; Motion Pictures and Video Industry; Music Industry; Service Industry; Technology Industry; Telecommunications Industry; Video Game Industry; Web Services Industry; Asia; China; Canton (province, China)
Wells, John R., and Gabriel Ellsworth. "Tencent." Harvard Business School Case 718-426, September 2017.