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      • Faculty Publications  (41)

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      • March 2025
      • Case

      Calyx Global: Rating Carbon Credits

      By: Michael W. Toffel and Adam Chen
      This case describes how rating agencies and other organizations are seeking to improve the quality of carbon credits sold in the voluntary carbon market to organizations seeking to use them to supplement their internal decarbonization efforts to meet their net zero... View Details
      Keywords: Service Design; Certification; Auditing; Auditor Reputation; Carbon Credits; Carbon; Rating Agency Disagreement; Ratings; Climate Change; Business Model; Environmental Sustainability; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Conflict of Interests; Reputation; Business Strategy
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      Toffel, Michael W., and Adam Chen. "Calyx Global: Rating Carbon Credits." Harvard Business School Case 625-102, March 2025.
      • 2024
      • Working Paper

      Changing Perceptions and Post-Pandemic Monetary Policy

      By: Michael D. Bauer, Carolin Pflueger and Adi Sunderam
      We document that the Fed’s perceived monetary policy response to inflation shifted materially over the post-pandemic period. In forward-looking policy rules estimated from surveys of macroeconomic forecasters, the inflation coefficient rose significantly after liftoff... View Details
      Keywords: Policy; Inflation and Deflation; Interest Rates; Perception; Government Administration
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      Bauer, Michael D., Carolin Pflueger, and Adi Sunderam. "Changing Perceptions and Post-Pandemic Monetary Policy." Working Paper, September 2024.
      • July 2024
      • Article

      A (Dynamic) Investigation of Stereotypes, Belief-Updating, and Behavior

      By: Katherine B. Coffman, Paola Ugalde Araya and Basit Zafar
      Many decisions—such as what educational or career path to pursue—are dynamic in nature, with individuals receiving feedback at one point in time and making decisions later. Using a controlled experiment, with two sessions one week apart, we analyze the dynamic effects... View Details
      Keywords: Feedback; Beliefs; Stereotypes; Self-assessment; Gender Gap; Gender; Equality and Inequality; Perception; Decision Choices and Conditions
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      Coffman, Katherine B., Paola Ugalde Araya, and Basit Zafar. "A (Dynamic) Investigation of Stereotypes, Belief-Updating, and Behavior." Economic Inquiry 62, no. 3 (July 2024): 957–983.
      • July 1, 2024
      • Article

      Research: Speed Matters When Companies Respond to Social Issues

      By: Alison Wood Brooks, Jimin Nam, Maya Balakrishnan and Julian De Freitas
      Companies and their leaders face new pressures to make public statements about controversial and sometimes divisive social and political issues. New research shows that timing matters: consumers perceive a relationship between speed and authenticity, and discount... View Details
      Keywords: Perception; Social Issues; Public Opinion; Communication Strategy
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      Brooks, Alison Wood, Jimin Nam, Maya Balakrishnan, and Julian De Freitas. "Research: Speed Matters When Companies Respond to Social Issues." Harvard Business Review (website) (July 1, 2024).
      • October 2022
      • Article

      Amplification in the Evaluation of Multiple Emotional Expressions over Time

      By: Amit Goldenberg, Jonas Schöne, Zi Huang, Timothy D. Sweeny, Desmond C. Ong, Timothy Brady, Maria M. Robinson, David Levari, Jamil Zaki and James J. Gross
      Social interactions are dynamic and unfold over time. To make sense of social interactions, people must aggregate sequential information into summary, global evaluations. But how do people do this? Here, to address this question, we conducted nine studies (N = 1,583)... View Details
      Keywords: Social Interactions; Facial Expressions; Emotions; Behavior; Perception
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      Goldenberg, Amit, Jonas Schöne, Zi Huang, Timothy D. Sweeny, Desmond C. Ong, Timothy Brady, Maria M. Robinson, David Levari, Jamil Zaki, and James J. Gross. "Amplification in the Evaluation of Multiple Emotional Expressions over Time." Nature Human Behaviour 6, no. 10 (October 2022): 1408–1416.
      • October 2022
      • Article

      Revisiting Extraversion and Leadership Emergence: A Social Network Churn Perspective

      By: Blaine Landis, Jon M. Jachimowicz, Dan J. Wang and Robert W. Krause
      One of the classic relationships in personality psychology is that extraversion is associated with emerging as an informal leader. However, recent findings raise questions about the longevity of extraverted individuals as emergent leaders. Here, we adopt a social... View Details
      Keywords: Extraversion; Social Networks; Emergent Leadership; Leadership Development; Personal Characteristics; Perception
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      Landis, Blaine, Jon M. Jachimowicz, Dan J. Wang, and Robert W. Krause. "Revisiting Extraversion and Leadership Emergence: A Social Network Churn Perspective." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 123, no. 4 (October 2022): 811–829.
      • August 2022
      • Case

      Atlanta Ransomware Attack (A)

      By: Amit Goldenberg and Julian Zlatev
      This case describes the March 2018 Ransomware attack on the information technology (IT) systems of the city of Atlanta and the response by Mayor Keisha Lance Bottoms and her administration. The case includes a brief background on Bottoms and her young administration at... View Details
      Keywords: Crime and Corruption; Decision Making; Cost vs Benefits; Decision Choices and Conditions; Decisions; Ethics; Values and Beliefs; Government and Politics; Government Administration; Information Technology; Cybersecurity; Information Management; Leadership; Management; Crisis Management; Management Teams; Negotiation; Risk and Uncertainty; Social Psychology; Perception; Personal Characteristics; Perspective; Power and Influence; Society; Public Administration Industry; United States; Georgia (state, US); Atlanta
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      Goldenberg, Amit, and Julian Zlatev. "Atlanta Ransomware Attack (A)." Harvard Business School Case 923-009, August 2022.
      • August 2022
      • Supplement

      Atlanta Ransomware Attack (B)

      By: Amit Goldenberg and Julian Zlatev
      This case describes the March 2018 Ransomware attack on the information technology (IT) systems of the city of Atlanta and the response by Mayor Keisha Lance Bottoms and her administration. The case includes a brief background on Bottoms and her young administration at... View Details
      Keywords: Crime and Corruption; Decision Making; Cost vs Benefits; Decision Choices and Conditions; Decisions; Ethics; Values and Beliefs; Government and Politics; Government Administration; Information Technology; Cybersecurity; Information Management; Leadership; Management; Crisis Management; Management Teams; Negotiation; Risk and Uncertainty; Social Psychology; Perception; Personal Characteristics; Perspective; Power and Influence; Society; Public Administration Industry; United States; Atlanta; Georgia (state, US)
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      Goldenberg, Amit, and Julian Zlatev. "Atlanta Ransomware Attack (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 923-010, August 2022.
      • July 2022
      • Article

      The Developmental Origins and Behavioral Consequences of Attributions for Inequality

      By: Antonya Marie Gonzalez, Lucia Macchia and Ashley V. Whillans
      Attributions, or lay explanations for inequality, have been linked to inequality-relevant behavior. In adults and children, attributing inequality to an individual rather than contextual or structural causes is linked to greater support for economic inequality and less... View Details
      Keywords: Equality and Inequality; Behavior; Perception
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      Gonzalez, Antonya Marie, Lucia Macchia, and Ashley V. Whillans. "The Developmental Origins and Behavioral Consequences of Attributions for Inequality." Art. 104329. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 101 (July 2022).
      • May 2022
      • Article

      How Status of Research Papers Affects the Way They Are Read and Cited

      By: Misha Teplitskiy, Eamon Duede, Michael Menietti and Karim R. Lakhani
      Although citations are widely used to measure the influence of scientific works, research shows that many citations serve rhetorical functions and reflect little-to-no influence on the citing authors. If highly cited papers disproportionately attract rhetorical... View Details
      Keywords: Metrics; Influence; Status; Citations; Science; Measurement and Metrics; Research; Perception
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      Teplitskiy, Misha, Eamon Duede, Michael Menietti, and Karim R. Lakhani. "How Status of Research Papers Affects the Way They Are Read and Cited." Research Policy 51, no. 4 (May 2022).
      • 2022
      • Article

      Alleviating Time Poverty Among the Working Poor: A Pre-Registered Longitudinal Field Experiment

      By: A.V. Whillans and Colin West
      Poverty entails more than a scarcity of material resources—it also involves a shortage of time. To examine the causal benefits of reducing time poverty, we conducted a longitudinal feld experiment over six consecutive weeks in an urban slum in Kenya with a sample of... View Details
      Keywords: Time; Subjective Well Being; Administrative Costs; Friction; Poverty; Well-being; Money; Perception; Kenya
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      Whillans, A.V., and Colin West. "Alleviating Time Poverty Among the Working Poor: A Pre-Registered Longitudinal Field Experiment." Art. 719. Scientific Reports 12 (2022).
      • December 10, 2021
      • Editorial

      Go Ahead and Ask for More Time on That Deadline

      By: A.V. Whillans and A.V. Whillans
      Unrealistic deadlines don’t help anyone—and yet more often than not, employees avoid asking for extensions even when they know more time would help them do a better job. Through a series of studies with more than 4,000 working adults, the author illustrates how despite... View Details
      Keywords: Deadlines; Extension Request; Employees; Time Management; Behavior; Perception
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      Whillans, A.V. "Go Ahead and Ask for More Time on That Deadline." Harvard Business Review (website) (December 10, 2021).
      • October 2021
      • Article

      Communicating Resource Scarcity and Interpersonal Connection

      By: Grant E. Donnelly, Anne V. Wilson, Ashley V. Whillans and Michael I. Norton
      Consumers often cite insufficient time or money as an excuse for rejecting social invitations. We explore the effectiveness of these excuses in preserving interpersonal relationships. Six studies—including perceptions of couples planning their wedding—demonstrate that... View Details
      Keywords: Time; Interpersonal Relationships; Communication; Money; Relationships; Interpersonal Communication
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      Donnelly, Grant E., Anne V. Wilson, Ashley V. Whillans, and Michael I. Norton. "Communicating Resource Scarcity and Interpersonal Connection." Journal of Consumer Psychology 31, no. 4 (October 2021): 726–745.
      • September 17, 2021
      • Article

      AI Can Help Address Inequity—If Companies Earn Users' Trust

      By: Shunyuan Zhang, Kannan Srinivasan, Param Singh and Nitin Mehta
      While companies may spend a lot of time testing models before launch, many spend too little time considering how they will work in the wild. In particular, they fail to fully consider how rates of adoption can warp developers’ intent. For instance, Airbnb launched a... View Details
      Keywords: Artificial Intelligence; Algorithmic Bias; Technological Innovation; Perception; Diversity; Equality and Inequality; Trust; AI and Machine Learning
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      Zhang, Shunyuan, Kannan Srinivasan, Param Singh, and Nitin Mehta. "AI Can Help Address Inequity—If Companies Earn Users' Trust." Harvard Business Review Digital Articles (September 17, 2021).
      • Article

      Are They Useful? The Effects of Performance Incentives on the Prioritization of Work Versus Personal Ties

      By: Julia Hur, Alice Lee-Yoon and Ashley V. Whillans
      Most working adults report spending very little time with friends and family. The current research explores the aspects of work that encourage employees to spend less time with personal ties. We show that incentive systems play a critical role in shaping how people... View Details
      Keywords: Rewards; Performance Incentives; Social Relationships; Instrumentality; Time Allocation; Performance; Motivation and Incentives; Relationships; Time Management
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      Hur, Julia, Alice Lee-Yoon, and Ashley V. Whillans. "Are They Useful? The Effects of Performance Incentives on the Prioritization of Work Versus Personal Ties." Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 165 (July 2021): 103–114. (Shared Authorship.)
      • Article

      Creating Firm Disclosures

      By: Amir Amel-Zadeh, Alexandra Scherf and Eugene F. Soltes
      Managers expend significant time and effort preparing disclosures about firm performance and strategy. Although prior literature has explored how variation in the style and presentation of disclosures impacts investors' perceptions of firms, little is known about how... View Details
      Keywords: Disclosure; Earnings Conference Call; Field Study; MD&A; Textual Analysis; Corporate Disclosure
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      Amel-Zadeh, Amir, Alexandra Scherf, and Eugene F. Soltes. "Creating Firm Disclosures." Journal of Financial Reporting 4, no. 2 (Fall 2019): 1–31.
      • August 2019 (Revised April 2021)
      • Case

      Zillow Offers: Winning Online Real Estate 2.0

      By: Luis Viceira, Marco Di Maggio and Allison Ciechanover
      Founded in 2005, Zillow had become the leading online real estate and home-related marketplace. The brand was recognized as a trusted resource for players in the real estate market, providing information and transparency on home prices. Revenue, which was historically... View Details
      Keywords: Real Estate; Corporate Culture; Intermediation; Brokerage; Startup; Evaluating Business Investments; Property; Information Technology; Business Model; Expansion; Business Startups; Real Estate Industry; Media and Broadcasting Industry; United States
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      Viceira, Luis, Marco Di Maggio, and Allison Ciechanover. "Zillow Offers: Winning Online Real Estate 2.0." Harvard Business School Case 220-021, August 2019. (Revised April 2021.)
      • 2019
      • Article

      Preferences for Experienced Versus Remembered Happiness

      By: Cassie Mogilner and Michael I. Norton
      Consider two types of happiness: one experienced on a moment-to-moment basis, the other a reflective evaluation where people feel happy looking back. Though researchers have measured and argued the merits of each, we inquired into which happiness people say they want.... View Details
      Keywords: Well-being; Life Satisfaction; Experience; Retrospective; Time; Happiness; Satisfaction; Welfare; Perception
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      Mogilner, Cassie, and Michael I. Norton. "Preferences for Experienced Versus Remembered Happiness." Journal of Positive Psychology 14, no. 2 (2019): 244–251.
      • Article

      Business, Governments and Political Risk in South Asia and Latin America since 1970

      By: G. Jones and Rachael Comunale
      This article contributes to the literature on political risk in business and economic history by examining both new perspectives (risk encountered by companies domestically, rather than risk for foreign investors) and new settings (emerging markets economies in Latin... View Details
      Keywords: Political Risk; Emerging Market; Bribery; Business & Government Relations; Turbulence; Violence; Risk and Uncertainty; Emerging Markets; Crime and Corruption; Business and Government Relations; Business History; India; Latin America
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      Jones, G., and Rachael Comunale. "Business, Governments and Political Risk in South Asia and Latin America since 1970." Australian Economic History Review 58, no. 3 (November 2018): 233–264.
      • November 2018 (Revised February 2019)
      • Case

      Israel at 70: Is it Possible to (re)Brand a Country?

      By: Elie Ofek and Sarah Gulick
      In the spring of 2018, Israel was set to celebrate its 70th anniversary. While there was much to rejoice in reaching this milestone, the country’s brand image internationally was far from ideal. Past efforts to impact perceptions of Israel, spearheaded by the Ministry... View Details
      Keywords: Branding; Brand Management Of Places; Nation Branding; Brand Positioning; Public Diplomacy; Marketing Communication; Brands and Branding; Marketing Communications; Perception; Change; Israel
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      Ofek, Elie, and Sarah Gulick. "Israel at 70: Is it Possible to (re)Brand a Country?" Harvard Business School Case 519-006, November 2018. (Revised February 2019.)
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