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- Faculty Publications (37)
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- 1991
- Chapter
The Future of Bureaucracy and Hierarchy in Organizational Theory: A Report from the Field
By: R. M. Kanter
Kanter, R. M. "The Future of Bureaucracy and Hierarchy in Organizational Theory: A Report from the Field." In Social Theory for a Changing Society, edited by P. Bourdieu and J. Coleman. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1991. (University of Chicago/Russell Sage Foundation Conference on "Social Theory and Emerging Issues for a Changing Society," April 1989.)
- 01 Apr 1989
- Conference Presentation
The Future of Bureaucracy and Hierarchy in Organizational Theory: A Report from the Field
By: R. M. Kanter
- Research Summary
How and When Does Hierarchy Emerge in Firms?
Despite understanding that formal structure within firms is crucial for maintaining coordination and control as young firms grow, relatively little is systematically known about the initial formation of hierarchy in firms. By exploiting access to a dataset of all... View Details
- 03 Oct 2006
- Working Paper Summaries
Cartels and Competition: Neither Markets nor Hierarchies
Keywords: by Jeffrey Fear
- 2020
- Working Paper
The Effects of Hierarchy on Learning and Performance in Business Experimentation
By: Sourobh Ghosh, Stefan Thomke and Hazjier Pourkhalkhali
Do senior managers help or hurt business experiments? Despite the widespread adoption of business experiments to guide strategic decision-making, we lack a scholarly understanding of what role senior managers play in firm experimentation. Using proprietary data of live... View Details
Keywords: Experimentation; Innovation; Search; New Product Development; Innovation and Invention; Organizational Design; Learning; Performance
Ghosh, Sourobh, Stefan Thomke, and Hazjier Pourkhalkhali. "The Effects of Hierarchy on Learning and Performance in Business Experimentation." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 20-081, February 2020.
- 2003
- Working Paper
The Flattening Firm: Evidence from Panel Data on the Changing Nature of Corporate Hierarchies
By: Raghuram G. Rajan and Julie Wulf
Using a detailed database of managerial job descriptions, reporting relationships, and compensation structures in over 300 large U.S. firms, we find that firm hierarchies are becoming flatter. The number of positions reporting directly to the CEO has gone up... View Details
Rajan, Raghuram G., and Julie Wulf. "The Flattening Firm: Evidence from Panel Data on the Changing Nature of Corporate Hierarchies." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 9633, April 2003. (Published in Review of Economics & Statistics 2006.)
- November 2006
- Article
The Flattening Firm: Evidence from Panel Data on the Changing Nature of Corporate Hierarchies
By: Raghuram G. Rajan and Julie Wulf
Using a detailed database of managerial job descriptions, reporting relationships, and compensation structures in over 300 large U.S. firms, we find that firm hierarchies are becoming flatter. The number of positions reporting directly to the CEO has gone up... View Details
Keywords: Geographic Location; Change; Business Ventures; Compensation and Benefits; Rank and Position; Wages; Motivation and Incentives; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Jobs and Positions; United States
Rajan, Raghuram G., and Julie Wulf. "The Flattening Firm: Evidence from Panel Data on the Changing Nature of Corporate Hierarchies." Review of Economics and Statistics 88, no. 4 (November 2006): 759–773.
- 2009
- Other Unpublished Work
The Flattening Firm and Product Market Competition: The Effect of Trade Liberalization on Corporate Hierarchies
By: Maria Guadalupe and Julie Wulf
This paper establishes a causal effect of product market competition on various characteristics of organizational design. Using a unique panel-dataset on firm hierarchies of large U.S. firms (1986-1999) and a quasi-natural experiment (trade liberalization), we find... View Details
Keywords: Trade; Managerial Roles; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Organizational Design; Organizational Structure; Business Strategy; Competitive Strategy
Guadalupe, Maria, and Julie Wulf. "The Flattening Firm and Product Market Competition: The Effect of Trade Liberalization on Corporate Hierarchies." December 2009.
- October 2010
- Journal Article
The Flattening Firm and Product Market Competition: The Effect of Trade Liberalization on Corporate Hierarchies
By: Maria Guadalupe and Julie Wulf
This paper establishes a causal effect of product market competition on various characteristics of organizational design. Using a unique panel-dataset on firm hierarchies of large U.S. firms (1986-1999) and a quasi-natural experiment (trade liberalization), we find... View Details
Keywords: Business Ventures; Product; Markets; Competition; Organizational Design; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Rank and Position; Organizational Structure; Decision Choices and Conditions; Change; Trade; United States
Guadalupe, Maria, and Julie Wulf. "The Flattening Firm and Product Market Competition: The Effect of Trade Liberalization on Corporate Hierarchies." American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 2, no. 4 (October 2010).
- April 2014
- Article
Who Lives in the C-Suite? Organizational Structure and the Division of Labor in Top Management
By: Maria Guadalupe, Hongyi Li and Julie Wulf
Top management structures in large U.S. firms have changed significantly since the mid-1980s. While the size of the executive team—the group of managers reporting directly to the CEO—doubled during this period, this growth was driven primarily by an increase in... View Details
Keywords: Communication; Functions; Centralization; M-form; Hierarchy; Top Management Team; C-Suite; Activities; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Diversification; Managerial Roles; Organizational Design; Information Technology; Organizational Structure; Management Teams; United States
Guadalupe, Maria, Hongyi Li, and Julie Wulf. "Who Lives in the C-Suite? Organizational Structure and the Division of Labor in Top Management." Management Science 60, no. 4 (April 2014): 824–844.
- 2023
- Working Paper
Organizational Responses to Product Cycles
By: Achyuta Adhvaryu, Vittorio Bassi, Anant Nyshadham, Jorge Tamayo and Nicolas Torres
Product cycles entail the mass production of new—and often increasingly complex—products on a regular basis. How do firms manage these changes? We use granular daily data from a leading automobile manufacturer to study the organizational impacts of introducing new... View Details
Keywords: Training; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Knowledge Management; Production; Product; Organizational Structure; Auto Industry; Argentina
Adhvaryu, Achyuta, Vittorio Bassi, Anant Nyshadham, Jorge Tamayo, and Nicolas Torres. "Organizational Responses to Product Cycles." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 23-061, March 2023. (Revise & Resubmit Journal of Political Economy.)
- 2024
- Working Paper
Determinants of Top-Down Sabotage
By: Hashim Zaman and Karim R. Lakhani
We investigate the conditions that motivate managers to impede the growth of talented subordinates due to fears of future competition for their own positions. Our research expands on existing tournament and contest theory literature that considers peer-to-peer sabotage... View Details
Keywords: Succession Planning; Organizational Hierarchy; Compensation; Promotions; Tournaments; Talent and Talent Management; Organizational Structure; Employee Relationship Management; Performance Evaluation; Organizational Culture; Management Skills
Zaman, Hashim, and Karim R. Lakhani. "Determinants of Top-Down Sabotage." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 25-007, August 2024. (Revised December 2024.)
- 2018
- Chapter
New Prospects for Organizational Democracy?: How the Joint Pursuit of Social and Financial Goals Challenges Traditional Organizational Designs
By: Julie Battilana, Michael Fuerstein and Michael Lee
For an extended period during the first half of the 20th century, industrial democracy was a vibrant movement, with ideological and organizational ties to a thriving unionism. In 2015, however, things look different. While there are instances of democracy in the... View Details
Battilana, Julie, Michael Fuerstein, and Michael Lee. "New Prospects for Organizational Democracy? How the Joint Pursuit of Social and Financial Goals Challenges Traditional Organizational Designs." In Capitalism Beyond Mutuality? Perspectives Integrating Philosophy and Social Science, edited by Subramanian Rangan, 256–288. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2018.
- 23 Mar 2020
- Working Paper Summaries
The Effects of Hierarchy on Learning and Performance in Business Experimentation
- 1 Sep 1975
- Conference Presentation
The Impact of Hierarchial Structures on the Work Behavior of Women and Men
By: R. M. Kanter
Kanter, R. M. "The Impact of Hierarchial Structures on the Work Behavior of Women and Men." Paper presented at the American Sociological Association Annual Meeting, San Francisco, September 01, 1975. (Also in Social Problems, vol. 23 (April 1976), pp. 425-30. Reprintings include: Industrial Relations in a New Age, edited by C. Kerr and P.D. Staudohar. San Francisco: Jossey Bass, 1986; Sex and Gender Reader, edited by L. Richardson and V.A. Taylor Lexington. Mass.: Heath, 1981; Women and Work: Problems and Perspectives, edited by R. Kahn-Hut, et al. N.Y.: Oxford, 1982.)
- Research Summary
Overview
Pushing decision authority downward and increasing employee autonomy have become watchwords for the modern organization. Leaders of contemporary organizations view efforts to replace “command and control” systems with less-hierarchical approaches to organizing as... View Details
- Research Summary
Self-Management & Self-Organizing Systems
Self-management serves as a foundational theme for much of my research; many of my interests were forged while working to enable self-management in organizational settings. Self-managing systems rely heavily on interpersonal relationships, peer regulation and... View Details
- Research Summary
Overview
By: Ting Zhang
Professor Zhang examines how organizations can better develop individuals through advising and mentoring. In particular, she investigates how expanding individuals' direction of learning across social hierarchies and reversing traditional models of learning (e.g.,... View Details
- 13 Jan 2020
- Working Paper Summaries
Recognition Incentives for Internal Crowdsourcing: A Field Experiment at NASA
- 2017
- Article
Self-Managing Organizations: Exploring the Limits of Less-Hierarchical Organizing
By: Michael Y. Lee and Amy C. Edmondson
Fascination with organizations that eschew the conventional managerial hierarchy and instead radically decentralize authority has been longstanding, albeit at the margins of scholarly and practitioner attention. Recently, however, organizational experiments in radical... View Details
Keywords: Self-Managed Organizations; Self-Managed Teams; Self-organizing Systems; Self-managing Organizations; Flat Organization; Decentralization; Organization Design; Non-hierarchical Organizations; Less-hierarchical Organizing; Organizational Structure; Organizational Design; Research
Lee, Michael Y., and Amy C. Edmondson. "Self-Managing Organizations: Exploring the Limits of Less-Hierarchical Organizing." Research in Organizational Behavior 37 (2017): 35–58.