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Publications

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  • All HBS Web  (287)
    • News  (16)
    • Research  (246)
  • Faculty Publications  (112)

Show Results For

  • All HBS Web  (287)
    • News  (16)
    • Research  (246)
  • Faculty Publications  (112)
Page 1 of 287 Results →
  • Research Summary

Corporate transparency and information disclosure strategies

By: Michael W. Toffel
This research focuses on transparency and information disclosure strategies, a topic of growing importance in environmental sustainability, corporate strategy, stakeholder relations, and public policy.  My prior research in this area explored why... View Details
Keywords: Transparency; Disclosure Strategy; Disclosure; Environment; Environmental Performance; Regulation; Supply Chain; Environmental Sustainability; United States
  • May 2022
  • Article

Complex Disclosure

By: Ginger Zhe Jin, Michael Luca and Daniel Martin
We present evidence that unnecessarily complex disclosure can result from strategic incentives to shroud information. In our lab experiment, senders are required to report their private information truthfully, but can choose how complex to make their reports. We find... View Details
Keywords: Disclosure; Experiments; Naiveté; Overconfidence; Corporate Disclosure; Policy; Information; Complexity; Strategy; Consumer Behavior
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Jin, Ginger Zhe, Michael Luca, and Daniel Martin. "Complex Disclosure." Management Science 68, no. 5 (May 2022): 3236–3261.
  • July 2001 (Revised March 2002)
  • Case

Progressive Insurance: Disclosure Strategy

By: Amy P. Hutton and James Weber
Progressive Insurance had refused to play Wall Street's earning game. Progressive didn't manage reported earnings nor did management give guidance to analysts. Management then considered taking their unique disclosure strategy one step further to become the first to... View Details
Keywords: Earnings Management; Stocks; Corporate Disclosure; Insurance; Volatility; Insurance Industry; United States
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Hutton, Amy P., and James Weber. "Progressive Insurance: Disclosure Strategy." Harvard Business School Case 102-012, July 2001. (Revised March 2002.)
  • October 2013
  • Article

How Firms Respond to Mandatory Information Disclosure

By: Anil R. Doshi, Glen W.S. Dowell and Michael W. Toffel
Mandatory information disclosure regulations seek to create institutional pressure to spur performance improvement. By examining how organizational characteristics moderate establishments' responses to a prominent environmental information disclosure program, we... View Details
Keywords: Information Disclosure; Institutional Theory; Environmental Strategy; Mandatory Disclosure; Environmental Performance; Information; Corporate Disclosure; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Performance Improvement; Environmental Sustainability; Manufacturing Industry; United States
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Doshi, Anil R., Glen W.S. Dowell, and Michael W. Toffel. "How Firms Respond to Mandatory Information Disclosure." Strategic Management Journal 34, no. 10 (October 2013): 1209–1231. (Featured in The Regulatory Review.)
  • October 2001 (Revised April 2002)
  • Case

America Online, Inc.: Disclosure Strategy

By: Amy P. Hutton and David Lane
Since going public, AOL had disclosed on a quarterly basis supplemental metrics meant to give analysts and investors a way of tracking growth in its subscriber base and the value created through its marketing efforts. These metrics gave management's conversations with... View Details
Keywords: Business Model; Internet and the Web; Change Management; Internet and the Web; Corporate Disclosure; Media; Digital Marketing; Information Technology Industry; Media and Broadcasting Industry
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Hutton, Amy P., and David Lane. "America Online, Inc.: Disclosure Strategy." Harvard Business School Case 102-004, October 2001. (Revised April 2002.)
  • July 2019
  • Article

Market Reaction to Mandatory Nonfinancial Disclosure

By: Jody Grewal, Edward J. Riedl and George Serafeim
We examine the equity market reaction to events associated with the passage of a directive in the European Union (EU) mandating increased nonfinancial disclosure. These disclosures relate to firms’ environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance and would be... View Details
Keywords: Nonfinancial Information; Nonfinancial Performance; ESG; ESG (Environmental, Social, Governance) Performance; Investor Behavior; Disclosure; Disclosure Regulation; Regulation; Sustainability; Corporate Performance; Information; Corporate Disclosure; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Performance; Environmental Sustainability; Corporate Governance; Outcome or Result
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Grewal, Jody, Edward J. Riedl, and George Serafeim. "Market Reaction to Mandatory Nonfinancial Disclosure." Management Science 65, no. 7 (July 2019): 3061–3084.
  • April 2015
  • Case

Accor: Designing an Asset-Right Business and Disclosure Strategy

By: Mozaffar Khan and George Serafeim
Sebastien Bazin was now in charge of Accor, the world's largest French hotelier, a CAC 40 company with 3,600 hotels in 92 countries and a market cap of €10 billion. Previously as the European head of Colony Capital, one of the largest private equity groups and the... View Details
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Khan, Mozaffar, and George Serafeim. "Accor: Designing an Asset-Right Business and Disclosure Strategy." Harvard Business School Case 115-036, April 2015.
  • 2016
  • Working Paper

Patent Disclosures and Standard-Setting

By: Josh Lerner, Haris Tabakovic and Jean Tirole
A key role of standard setting organizations (SSOs) is to aggregate information on relevant intellectual property (IP) claims before deciding on a standard. This article explores the firms’ strategies in response to IP disclosure requirements—in particular, the choice... View Details
Keywords: Patents; Corporate Disclosure; Standards
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Lerner, Josh, Haris Tabakovic, and Jean Tirole. "Patent Disclosures and Standard-Setting." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 17-030, October 2016.
  • 06 Jun 2018
  • Working Paper Summaries

Complex Disclosure

Keywords: by Ginger Zhe Jin, Michael Luca, and Daniel Martin
  • March 1993
  • Article

The Effect of Firms' Financial Disclosure Strategies on Stock Prices

By: Krishna G. Palepu and Paul M. Healy
Keywords: Strategy; Stocks; Finance
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Palepu, Krishna G., and Paul M. Healy. "The Effect of Firms' Financial Disclosure Strategies on Stock Prices." Accounting Horizons 7 (March 1993): 1–11.
  • Apr 2009 - 28 Apr 2009
  • Conference Presentation

Responding to Public and Private Politics: Corporate Disclosure of Climate Change Strategies

By: Michael W. Toffel
Keywords: Strategy; Climate Change; Corporate Disclosure
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Toffel, Michael W. "Responding to Public and Private Politics: Corporate Disclosure of Climate Change Strategies." Paper presented at the Institute for Work and Employment Research Seminar, MIT Sloan School of Management, April 2009.
  • November 2009
  • Article

Responding to Public and Private Politics: Corporate Disclosure of Climate Change Strategies

By: Erin Marie Reid and Michael W. Toffel
The challenges associated with climate change will require governments, citizens, and firms to work collaboratively to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, a task that requires information on companies' emissions levels, risks, and reduction opportunities. This paper... View Details
Keywords: Climate Change; Problems and Challenges; Pollutants; Risk and Uncertainty; Business and Shareholder Relations; Management Practices and Processes; Social Issues; Corporate Disclosure; Values and Beliefs; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Government and Politics
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Reid, Erin Marie, and Michael W. Toffel. "Responding to Public and Private Politics: Corporate Disclosure of Climate Change Strategies." Strategic Management Journal 30, no. 11 (November 2009): 1157–1178. (Featured by the Network for Business Sustainability.)
  • 01 Oct 2008
  • Working Paper Summaries

Responding to Public and Private Politics: Corporate Disclosure of Climate Change Strategies

Keywords: by Erin M. Reid & Michael W. Toffel
  • 6 Mar 2009 - 7 Mar 2009
  • Conference Presentation

Responding to Public and Private Politics: Corporate Disclosure of Climate Change Strategies

By: Michael W. Toffel
Keywords: Strategy; Climate Change; Corporate Disclosure
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Toffel, Michael W. "Responding to Public and Private Politics: Corporate Disclosure of Climate Change Strategies." Paper presented at the Strategy and the Business Environment Conference, March 06–07, 2009.
  • August 2020
  • Article

Strategies for Managing the Privacy Landscape

By: Ramon Casadesus-Masanell and Andres Hervas-Drane
Firms use consumer personal information to improve their products and services. Personal information is open to misuse, however, and when exploited for undesired or unexpected purposes reduces consumer’s trust in the firm and their willingness to provide personal... View Details
Keywords: Consumer Privacy; Privacy Threats; Strategy Framework; Strategy Interactions; Customers; Information; Management; Strategy; Technology Industry
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Casadesus-Masanell, Ramon, and Andres Hervas-Drane. "Strategies for Managing the Privacy Landscape." Long Range Planning 53, no. 4 (August 2020).
  • October 2021
  • Article

Shareholder Activism and Firms' Voluntary Disclosure of Climate Change Risks

By: Caroline Flammer, Michael W. Toffel and Kala Viswanathan
This paper examines whether—in the absence of mandated disclosure requirements—shareholder activism can elicit greater disclosure of firms’ exposure to climate change risks. We find that environmental shareholder activism increases the voluntary disclosure of climate... View Details
Keywords: Transparency; Reporting; Shareholder Engagement; Shareholder Activism; Climate Change; Risk and Uncertainty; Environmental Management; Investment Activism; Corporate Disclosure; Communication Strategy; Information Publishing; Measurement and Metrics; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Problems and Challenges; United States
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Flammer, Caroline, Michael W. Toffel, and Kala Viswanathan. "Shareholder Activism and Firms' Voluntary Disclosure of Climate Change Risks." Strategic Management Journal 42, no. 10 (October 2021): 1850–1879. (Featured in Harvard Business Review.)
  • March–April 2016
  • Article

Scrutiny, Norms, and Selective Disclosure: A Global Study of Greenwashing

By: Christopher Marquis, Michael W. Toffel and Yanhua Zhou
Under increased pressure to report environmental impacts, some firms selectively disclose relatively benign impacts, creating an impression of transparency while masking their true performance. We identify key company- and country-level factors that limit firms' use of... View Details
Keywords: Disclosure Strategy; Disclosure; Environmental Performance; Environmental Strategy; Environment; Symbolic; Reporting; Corporate Disclosure; Integrated Corporate Reporting; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact
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Marquis, Christopher, Michael W. Toffel, and Yanhua Zhou. "Scrutiny, Norms, and Selective Disclosure: A Global Study of Greenwashing." Organization Science 27, no. 2 (March–April 2016): 483–504. (Formerly titled "When Do Firms Greenwash? Corporate Visibility, Civil Society Scrutiny, and Environmental Disclosure.")
  • June 2011 (Revised February 2013)
  • Case

Mandatory Environmental, Social, and Governance Disclosure in the European Union

By: George Serafeim
In 2011, the European Commission was deciding on how to best modify the existing European Union policy on corporate disclosure of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) information. Previous directives had recommended that European companies report ESG... View Details
Keywords: Integrated Corporate Reporting; Corporate Strategy; Corporate Disclosure; Environmental Accounting; Competitive Strategy; International Accounting; Financial Reporting; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Debates; Europe
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Eccles, Robert G., George Serafeim, and Phillip Andrews. "Mandatory Environmental, Social, and Governance Disclosure in the European Union." Harvard Business School Case 111-120, June 2011. (Revised February 2013.)

    When Do Firms Greenwash? Corporate Visibility, Civil Society Scrutiny, and Environmental Disclosure

    Under increased pressure to report environmental impacts, some firms selectively disclose relatively benign impacts, creating an impression of transparency while masking their true performance; other firms’ disclosures, in contrast, are more representative of their... View Details

    • September 1999 (Revised February 2000)
    • Case

    Microsoft's Financial Reporting Strategy

    Explores Microsoft's overall financial reporting strategy by examining the company's treatment of two accounting issues--software capitalization and revenue recognition. For both issues, the company selects accounting methods that are relatively conservative. Also... View Details
    Keywords: Financial Reporting; Information Technology Industry
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    Matsumoto, Dawn, and Robert Bowen. "Microsoft's Financial Reporting Strategy." Harvard Business School Case 100-027, September 1999. (Revised February 2000.)
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