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- September–October 2012
- Article
Egalitarianism, Cultural Distance, and Foreign Direct Investment: A New Approach
By: Jordan I. Siegel, Amir N. Licht and Shalom H. Schwartz
This study addresses an apparent impasse in the research on organizations' responses to cultural distance. Using historically motivated instrumental variables, we observe that egalitarianism distance has a negative causal impact on FDI flows. This effect is robust to a... View Details
Keywords: FDI; Neo-institutionalism; Multinational Firm; Cultural Distance; Egalitarianism; Regulatory Arbitrage; Pollution Haven Hypothesis; Foreign Direct Investment; Global Strategy; Culture; Entrepreneurship
Siegel, Jordan I., Amir N. Licht, and Shalom H. Schwartz. "Egalitarianism, Cultural Distance, and Foreign Direct Investment: A New Approach." Organization Science 23, no. 5 (September–October 2012). (This study addresses an apparent impasse in the research on organizations' responses to cultural distance. Using historically motivated instrumental variables, we observe that egalitarianism distance has a negative causal impact on FDI flows. This effect is robust to a broad set of competing accounts, including the effects of other cultural dimensions, various features of the prevailing legal and regulatory regimes, other features of the institutional environment, economic development, and time-invariant unobserved characteristics of origin and host countries. We further show that egalitarianism correlates in a conceptually compatible way with an array of organizational practices pertinent to firms' interactions with non-financial stakeholders, such that national differences in these egalitarianism-related features may affect firms' international expansion decisions.)
- December 2011
- Article
Egalitarianism and International Investment
By: Jordan I. Siegel, Amir N. Licht and Shalom H. Schwartz
This study identifies the effect of a key cultural dimension—egalitarianism—on a set of international investment outcomes. Egalitarianism expresses a society's cultural orientation with respect to intolerance for abuses of market and political power. We show... View Details
Keywords: Egalitarianism; International Investment; Culture; Cultural Distance; Foreign Direct Investment; Informal Institutions; Social Institutions; Cross-listing; Investment; Equality and Inequality; Mergers and Acquisitions
Siegel, Jordan I., Amir N. Licht, and Shalom H. Schwartz. "Egalitarianism and International Investment." Journal of Financial Economics 102, no. 3 (December 2011). (This study identifies the effect of a key cultural dimension - egalitarianism - on a set of international investment outcomes. Egalitarianism expresses a society's cultural orientation with respect to intolerance for abuses of market and political power. We show egalitarianism to be based on exogenous factors including social fractionalization, religion, and war experience. Controlling for a large set of competing explanations, we find a robust influence of egalitarianism distance on cross-border investment flows of equity, debt, and mergers and acquisitions. An informal cultural institution largely determined a century or more ago, egalitarianism influences international investment via an associated set of consistent policy choices made in recent years. But even after controlling for these associated policy choices, egalitarianism continues to exercise a direct effect on cross-border investment flows, likely through its direct influence on managers' daily business conduct.)
- February 2022
- Article
How Global Leaders Gain Power Through Downward Deference and Reduction of Social Distance
By: Tsedal Neeley and Sebastian Reiche
We theorize about how people with positional power enact downward deference—a practice of lowering oneself to be equal to that of lower power workers—based on a study of 115 top global leaders at a large U.S. company. These leaders were charged with advancing... View Details
Keywords: Leadership; Leadership Style; Global Range; Relationships; Rank and Position; Power and Influence; Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues
Neeley, Tsedal, and Sebastian Reiche. "How Global Leaders Gain Power Through Downward Deference and Reduction of Social Distance." Academy of Management Journal 65, no. 1 (February 2022): 11–34.
- 01 Nov 1999
- Research & Ideas
Companies, Cultures and the Transformation to the Transnational
communications intensive and relationship dependent that they did not function well when operating units were separated by substantial time and distance barriers. In addition, language and cultural barriers... View Details
- March 30, 2020
- Article
Why Is the U.S. Behind on Coronavirus Testing?
By: Stefan Thomke
Coronavirus testing is needed to address the uncertainty in making decisions about patient treatment, resource allocation, policy, and so much more. Answers to questions such as “When should we relax social distancing measures—and for whom?” or “How many ventilators... View Details
Keywords: Testing; Coronavirus; Culture; Trump; Data; Experiments; Health Pandemics; Health Testing and Trials; Government and Politics; United States
Thomke, Stefan. "Why Is the U.S. Behind on Coronavirus Testing?" Harvard Business Review Digital Articles (March 30, 2020).
- Research Summary
Institutions and Corporate Lobbying
“Institutions and Make-or-Buy Decision of Lobbying: The Role of Sociopolitical Legitimacy on Foreign MNEs’ Lobbying Internalization”
In this study, I examine how legitimacy comes into play in foreign MNEs’ make-or-buy decisions... View Details
Keywords: Institutions; Make V. Buy; Lobbying; Legitimacy; Corruption; Culture; Multinational Enterprise; United States
- February 2003 (Revised August 2004)
- Case
Flextronics: Deciding on a Shop Floor System for Producing the Microsoft Xbox
By: Jeffrey T. Polzer and Alison Berkley Wagonfeld
Jim McCusker must guide a group decision-making process aimed at getting input and buy-in from key people in California, Mexico, and Austria to choose a shop floor IT system for Flextronics. McCusker is Flextronics' account manager for the Microsoft Xbox project.... View Details
Keywords: Groups and Teams; Decision Making; Power and Influence; Geographic Location; Problems and Challenges; Leadership; California; Mexico; Austria
Polzer, Jeffrey T., and Alison Berkley Wagonfeld. "Flextronics: Deciding on a Shop Floor System for Producing the Microsoft Xbox." Harvard Business School Case 403-090, February 2003. (Revised August 2004.)
- April 2011 (Revised May 2011)
- Case
EMC2: Delivering Customer Centricity
By: Thomas Steenburgh and Jill Avery
This case introduces the concept of customer centricity and traces its development at EMC, the world's leading data storage hardware and information management software company. EMC's customers had historically relied on EMC salespeople to guide them through the... View Details
Keywords: Business Model; Interpersonal Communication; Customer Relationship Management; Knowledge Acquisition; Marketing Strategy; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Salesforce Management; Social and Collaborative Networks; Internet; Information Technology Industry
Steenburgh, Thomas, and Jill Avery. "EMC2: Delivering Customer Centricity." Harvard Business School Case 511-124, April 2011. (Revised May 2011.)
- 15 Oct 2007
- Research & Ideas
Businesses Beware: The World Is Not Flat
other common myth that even if the world isn't quite flat today, it will be tomorrow. The data clearly indicate that national borders still matter. I group the differences that they demarcate into 4 areas: those related to cultural... View Details
Keywords: by Martha Lagace
- October 2018
- Case
Zenefits Board of Directors (A)
By: Lynn S. Paine and Will Hurwitz
In early 2018, the time seemed right for Zenefits investor and director Lars Dalgaard to reflect on whether Zenefits had the right board of directors to shepherd the company through its next stages of growth. For the company whose name combined the words “benefits,”... View Details
Keywords: Ethics; Business Model; Corporate Accountability; Governing and Advisory Boards; Corporate Governance; Crisis Management; Entrepreneurship; Human Resources; Leadership; Risk Management; Venture Capital; Technology Industry; Telecommunications Industry; Information Technology Industry; United States; California
Paine, Lynn S., and Will Hurwitz. "Zenefits Board of Directors (A)." Harvard Business School Case 319-034, October 2018.
- 2021
- Chapter
The Economic and Political Effects of Immigration: Evidence from the Age of Mass Migration
By: Marco Tabellini
Between 1850 and 1920, during the Age of Mass Migration, more than 30 million Europeans moved to the United States. European immigrants provided ample supply of cheap labor as well as specific skills and know-how, contributing to American economic growth. These... View Details
Keywords: Age Of Mass Migration; Political Ideology; Political Economy; Assimilation; Immigration; Economics; History; United States
Tabellini, Marco. "The Economic and Political Effects of Immigration: Evidence from the Age of Mass Migration." In Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Economics and Finance, edited by Jonathan H. Hamilton. Oxford University Press, 2021. Electronic.
- 25 Oct 2016
- First Look
October 25, 2016
New York: Springer Building a Culture of Health: A New Imperative for Business By: Quelch, John A., and Emily C. Boudreau Abstract—This ambitious volume sets out to understand how every company impacts public health and introduces a... View Details
Keywords: Sean Silverthorne
- 11 Sep 2007
- First Look
First Look: September 11, 2007
forthcoming Abstract With rising CEO turnover, companies are increasingly looking outside for qualified candidates. Sure, externally recruited CEOs bring fresh perspectives and connections. But they lack the in-depth knowledge of the company's View Details
Keywords: Martha Lagace
- 09 Dec 2008
- First Look
First Look: December 9, 2008
supply chain management, and create a multinational culture within their organization. Entrepreneurs shouldn't fear the fact that the world isn't flat. Being global may not be a pursuit for the fainthearted, but even start-ups can thrive... View Details
Keywords: Martha Lagace
- 01 Sep 2009
- First Look
First Look: September 1
Case 810-018 This case study provides an overview of Intuit's growth and, in particular, the sales and service initiatives that historically fueled the company's growth from start-up to a corporation. It also outlines certain processes and View Details
Keywords: Martha Lagace
- 20 Jun 2005
- Research & Ideas
Creating a Positive Professional Image
and non-verbal cues to suppress other aspects of your identity that are personally and/or socially devalued, in an attempt to distance yourself from negative stereotypes associated with that group. Social recategorization involves... View Details
Keywords: by Mallory Stark
- 31 Jan 2022
- Research & Ideas
Where Can Digital Transformation Take You? Insights from 1,700 Leaders
pressure to develop products and services for the needs and expectations of specific national markets. 2. Culture that’s data-informed, not data-driven Digitally mature organizations embrace data—lots of it!—and use it to make better,... View Details
- 03 Oct 2023
- Research Event
Build the Life You Want: Arthur Brooks and Oprah Winfrey Share Happiness Tips
long way. Goldberg: Yeah. Yeah. Brooks: Let's scoot over here a little bit. I agree with that. Goldberg: I'm happier at some distance from Arthur. Winfrey: Yeah. Ok. Brooks: Oh, look at that. Goldberg: Stage management. Oh, nice to see... View Details
Keywords: by HBS Staff
- 08 Mar 2021
- In Practice
COVID Killed the Traditional Workplace. What Should Companies Do Now?
A year ago, COVID-19 forced many companies to send employees home—often with a laptop and a prayer. Now, with COVID cases subsiding and vaccinations rising, the prospect of returning to old office routines appears more possible. But will employees want to flock back to... View Details
Keywords: by Dina Gerdeman
- 01 May 2020
- What Do You Think?
Does Remote Work Mix with Organizational Culture?
distancing with our colleagues from our work teams.” On the other hand, Melanie Roberts reminds us that, “Charles Handy refers to culture as the soup we all swim about in, and that soup is thin when the... View Details
Keywords: by James Heskett