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    • All HBS Web  (1,139)
      • Faculty Publications  (189)

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      • April 2025
      • Teaching Note

      Tabby: Winning Customers' Digital Wallets

      By: Eva Ascarza
      Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 524-056. Tabby, a Saudi-based fintech founded in 2019, rapidly became one of the MENA region’s first unicorns by offering buy-now-pay-later (BNPL) services with a unique twist: instead of charging end consumers, it partnered with... View Details
      Keywords: Business Startups; Marketing; Entrepreneurship; Growth and Development Strategy; Business Strategy; Business Model; Competitive Strategy; Financial Services Industry; Middle East; Saudi Arabia; United Arab Emirates
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      Ascarza, Eva. "Tabby: Winning Customers' Digital Wallets." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 525-057, April 2025.
      • 2025
      • Working Paper

      Prices and Concentration: A U-shape? Theory and Evidence from Renewables

      By: Michele Fioretti, Junnan He and Jorge Tamayo
      We show that when firms compete via supply functions, transferring high-cost capacity to the largest, most efficient firm—thereby diversifying its production technologies while increasing concentration—can lower prices by prompting the leader to expand output and... View Details
      Keywords: Diversified Production Technologies; Concentration Levels; Market Power; Supply Function Equilibrium; Hydropower; Energy Transition; Renewable Energy; Price; Competition; Supply and Industry; Energy Industry; Colombia
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      Fioretti, Michele, Junnan He, and Jorge Tamayo. "Prices and Concentration: A U-shape? Theory and Evidence from Renewables." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 25-049, April 2025.
      • 2025
      • Working Paper

      Private Equity and Workers: Modeling and Measuring Monopsony, Reallocation, and Trust

      By: Kyle Herkenhoff, Josh Lerner, Gordon M. Phillips, Francisca Rebelo and Benjamin Sampson
      We measure the real effects of private equity buyouts on worker outcomes by building a new database that links transactions to matched employer-employee data in the United States. To guide our empirical analysis, we derive testable implications from three theories in... View Details
      Keywords: Monopsony; Market Power; Productivity; Private Equity; Employment; Wages; Employees
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      Herkenhoff, Kyle, Josh Lerner, Gordon M. Phillips, Francisca Rebelo, and Benjamin Sampson. "Private Equity and Workers: Modeling and Measuring Monopsony, Reallocation, and Trust." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 25-046, March 2025.
      • 2025
      • Working Paper

      Unwinding Loan Prospecting Pressure Through Renegotiation: The Role of Loan Officer Changes in Debt Contracting

      By: Jung Koo Kang, Regina Wittenberg Moerman and Jessie Cheong
      We examine the impact of loan officer changes on debt contract design. Loan officers play a critical role in initiating and maintaining lending relationships but also face pressure to originate more loans, incentivizing them to offer loan terms more favorable than... View Details
      Keywords: Financing and Loans; Borrowing and Debt; Contracts; Negotiation; Motivation and Incentives
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      Kang, Jung Koo, Regina Wittenberg Moerman, and Jessie Cheong. "Unwinding Loan Prospecting Pressure Through Renegotiation: The Role of Loan Officer Changes in Debt Contracting." Working Paper, March 2025.
      • January 2025
      • Case

      Intuition Robotics: An AI Companion for Older Adults

      By: Amit Goldenberg, Elie Ofek and Orna Dan
      Intuition Robotics, a startup that makes an AI companion robot to alleviate older adults’ loneliness, debates whether to pursue a B2C model or B2G route. If it opts for the government vertical, it must determine how to negotiate a favorable deal. Two weeks after... View Details
      Keywords: Business Model; Business Startups; AI and Machine Learning; Technology Adoption; Product Launch; Market Entry and Exit; Negotiation Offer; Business and Government Relations; Health Industry; Technology Industry; United States; New York (state, US)
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      Goldenberg, Amit, Elie Ofek, and Orna Dan. "Intuition Robotics: An AI Companion for Older Adults." Harvard Business School Case 925-018, January 2025.
      • January 2025
      • Technical Note

      Get Cool: Air Conditioning Industry Background

      By: Rosabeth Moss Kanter and Jacob A. Small
      The “air conditioning paradox” is tied to climate change: the more the planet warms, the greater the need for cooling (due to the dangers of extreme heat as well as comfort within buildings), but the use of electricity-powered AC contributes to further warming. There... View Details
      Keywords: Appliances; Global Warming; Energy Efficiency; Climate Change; Venture Capital; Demand and Consumers; Distribution Channels; Green Technology; United States; Asia
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      Kanter, Rosabeth Moss, and Jacob A. Small. "Get Cool: Air Conditioning Industry Background." Harvard Business School Technical Note 325-077, January 2025.
      • January 2025 (Revised April 2025)
      • Case

      Blue Frontier: Disrupting Air Conditioning

      By: Rosabeth Moss Kanter and Jacob A. Small
      Serial entrepreneur Daniel Betts founded Blue Frontier in South Florida to offer a climate-friendly solution to increase air conditioning efficiency and dehumidify using new technology he developed. Backed by significant venture capital, Blue Frontier had to choose... View Details
      Keywords: Entrepreneurship; Climate Change; Environmental Sustainability; Technological Innovation; Market Entry and Exit; Performance Efficiency; Business Strategy; Florida
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      Kanter, Rosabeth Moss, and Jacob A. Small. "Blue Frontier: Disrupting Air Conditioning." Harvard Business School Case 325-088, January 2025. (Revised April 2025.)
      • January 2025
      • Case

      Driving Efficiency and Sustainability at P&G China

      By: Feng Zhu, Philip Kuai and Billy Chan
      P&G China’s business had reached new heights thanks to the explosive growth of e-commerce in the country, but the rapidly increasing volume of shipments to customers had created operational and environmental challenges in terms of packaging waste, shipping... View Details
      Keywords: Transformation; Customer Value and Value Chain; Environmental Sustainability; E-commerce; Logistics; Product Design; Value Creation; Consumer Products Industry; China
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      Zhu, Feng, Philip Kuai, and Billy Chan. "Driving Efficiency and Sustainability at P&G China." Harvard Business School Case 625-077, January 2025.
      • 2024
      • Working Paper

      Categorical Processing in a Complex World

      By: Marco Sammon, Thomas Graeber and Christopher Roth
      In real-world news environments, quantitative information is rarely presented in isolation; it is characterized through qualitative comparisons with various reference levels. Company earnings, for example, are commonly compared to analyst forecasts, previous earnings,... View Details
      Keywords: Announcements; Cognition and Thinking; Communication Strategy
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      Sammon, Marco, Thomas Graeber, and Christopher Roth. "Categorical Processing in a Complex World." Working Paper, November 2024.
      • September 2024
      • Case

      Leadership for Stretch Goals: Inspiring Employees to Achieve the Impossible at Charter Next Generation

      By: Ethan Rouen and Elisabeth Powell
      In 2023, Kathy Bolhous, CEO of Charter Next Generation (CNG), set out to achieve an ambitious "Moonshot"—increasing profits by $100 million within three years, purely through internal innovations and efficiency gains, without layoffs or new revenue streams. After years... View Details
      Keywords: Profit; Collaborative Innovation and Invention; Leadership; Growth Management; Mission and Purpose; Employee Ownership; Motivation and Incentives
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      Rouen, Ethan, and Elisabeth Powell. "Leadership for Stretch Goals: Inspiring Employees to Achieve the Impossible at Charter Next Generation." Harvard Business School Case 125-025, September 2024.
      • June 2024
      • Case

      Growing Foodology into Latin America's Largest Platform for Virtual Restaurants

      By: Jorge Tamayo, Rembrand Koning and Jenyfeer Martinez Buitrago
      This case delves into the expansion strategy of Foodology, a cloud kitchen startup based in Bogotá that operated across four Latin American countries (Colombia, Brazil, Mexico, and Peru). Co-founders Daniela Izquierdo and Juan Guillermo Azuero (both HBS, 2019) grappled... View Details
      Keywords: Entrepreneurship; Food; Digital Platforms; Product Launch; Growth and Development Strategy; Business Strategy; Business Model; Business Startups; Profit; Marketing Strategy; Expansion; Diversification; Food and Beverage Industry; Latin America; South America; Colombia; Brazil; Mexico; Peru
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      Tamayo, Jorge, Rembrand Koning, and Jenyfeer Martinez Buitrago. "Growing Foodology into Latin America's Largest Platform for Virtual Restaurants." Harvard Business School Case 724-393, June 2024.
      • 2024
      • Working Paper

      Incrementality Representation Learning: Synergizing Past Experiments for Intervention Personalization

      By: Ta-Wei Huang, Eva Ascarza and Ayelet Israeli
      This paper introduces Incrementality Representation Learning (IRL), a novel multitask representation learning framework that predicts heterogeneous causal effects of marketing interventions. By leveraging past experiments, IRL efficiently designs and targets... View Details
      Keywords: Heterogeneous Treatment Effect; Multi-task Learning; Representation Learning; Personalization; Promotion; Deep Learning; Field Experiments; Customer Focus and Relationships; Customization and Personalization
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      Huang, Ta-Wei, Eva Ascarza, and Ayelet Israeli. "Incrementality Representation Learning: Synergizing Past Experiments for Intervention Personalization." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 24-076, June 2024.
      • May 2024 (Revised May 2024)
      • Case

      Market by Met Council: Revolutionizing Food Pantries in the Digital Age

      By: Elisabeth Paulson and Michael W. Toffel
      In fall 2023, the Food Program of Met Council—America’s largest Jewish charity dedicated to fighting poverty—completed the rollout of the newest version of its digital pantry platform to twelve food pantries in the Met Council food pantry network. The digital... View Details
      Keywords: Customer Focus and Relationships; Digital Transformation; Nonprofit Organizations; Service Operations; Human Needs
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      Paulson, Elisabeth, and Michael W. Toffel. "Market by Met Council: Revolutionizing Food Pantries in the Digital Age." Harvard Business School Case 624-060, May 2024. (Revised May 2024.)
      • 2024
      • Article

      Half the Firms, Double the Profits: Public Firms' Transformation, 1996–2022

      By: Mark J. Roe and Charles C.Y. Wang
      The number of public firms in the United States has halved since the beginning of the twenty-first century, causing consternation among corporate and securities law regulators. The dominant explanations, often advanced by Securities and Exchange commissioners when... View Details
      Keywords: Corporate Law; Securities Regulation; Sarbanes-Oxley Act; Concentration Levels; Antitrust; Initial Public Offering; Public Ownership; Private Equity; Venture Capital; Mergers and Acquisitions; Monopoly; United States
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      Roe, Mark J., and Charles C.Y. Wang. "Half the Firms, Double the Profits: Public Firms' Transformation, 1996–2022." Journal of Law, Finance, and Accounting 8, no. 2 (2024): 211–264.
      • February 2024
      • Article

      An Economic Framework for Vaccine Prioritization

      By: Mohammad Akbarpour, Eric Budish, Piotr Dworczak and Scott Duke Kominers
      We propose an economic framework for determining the optimal allocation of a scarce supply of vaccines that become gradually available during a public health crisis, such as the Covid-19 pandemic. Agents differ in observable and unobservable characteristics, and the... View Details
      Keywords: Vaccine; Fairness; Public Finance; Public Goods; Allocation Problems; Allocative Efficiency; Allocation Rules; Social Welfare; Pandemics; Inequality; COVID-19; COVID-19 Pandemic; Public Sector; Resource Allocation; Market Design; Marketplace Matching; Public Administration Industry
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      Akbarpour, Mohammad, Eric Budish, Piotr Dworczak, and Scott Duke Kominers. "An Economic Framework for Vaccine Prioritization." Quarterly Journal of Economics 139, no. 1 (February 2024): 359–417. (Authors' names are in certified random order.)
      • January 2024 (Revised May 2024)
      • Case

      Generation Investment Management: Sustainable Investing in a Warming World

      By: Vikram S. Gandhi, Michael Norris and David Allen
      In September 2021, the sustainable investment firm Generation Investment Management (Generation) considered whether to add Schneider Electric to the focus list of companies in which it was prepared to invest. Dedicated to promoting a sustainable world through its... View Details
      Keywords: Sustainable Investing; Climate Change; Environmental Sustainability; Governance; Private Equity; Public Equity; Financial Markets; Investment Return; Investment Activism; Investment Funds; Investment Portfolio; Institutional Investing; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Financial Services Industry; United Kingdom; England; London
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      Gandhi, Vikram S., Michael Norris, and David Allen. "Generation Investment Management: Sustainable Investing in a Warming World." Harvard Business School Case 324-043, January 2024. (Revised May 2024.)
      • 2023
      • Article

      Balancing Risk and Reward: An Automated Phased Release Strategy

      By: Yufan Li, Jialiang Mao and Iavor Bojinov
      Phased releases are a common strategy in the technology industry for gradually releasing new products or updates through a sequence of A/B tests in which the number of treated units gradually grows until full deployment or deprecation. Performing phased releases in a... View Details
      Keywords: Product Launch; Mathematical Methods; Product Development
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      Li, Yufan, Jialiang Mao, and Iavor Bojinov. "Balancing Risk and Reward: An Automated Phased Release Strategy." Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS) (2023).
      • October 2023 (Revised February 2024)
      • Technical Note

      Design and Evaluation of Targeted Interventions

      By: Eva Ascarza and Ta-Wei (David) Huang
      Targeted interventions serve as a pivotal tool in business strategy, streamlining decisions for enhanced efficiency and effectiveness. This note delves into two central facets of such interventions: first, the design of potent decision guidelines, or targeting... View Details
      Keywords: Marketing; Customer Relationship Management; Analysis; Design; Business Strategy; Retail Industry; Apparel and Accessories Industry; Technology Industry; Financial Services Industry; Telecommunications Industry
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      Ascarza, Eva, and Ta-Wei (David) Huang. "Design and Evaluation of Targeted Interventions." Harvard Business School Technical Note 524-034, October 2023. (Revised February 2024.)
      • October 2023 (Revised November 2023)
      • Case

      Recycle & Re-Match: The Future of Soccer Turfs

      By: George Serafeim, Lena Duchene and Carlota Moniz
      By August 2023, Re-Match, an artificial turf waste-to-value company, had operations in Denmark and the Netherlands and had recycled over 160,000 tons of waste and plastic fiber. With recent capital injection from the VC firm Verdane and a dual revenue business model,... View Details
      Keywords: Carbon Emissions; Carbon Abatement; Sustainability; Recycling; Waste Management; Technology; Entrepreneurial Management; Business Growth and Maturation; Business Model; Decisions; Energy Conservation; Investment Return; Profit; Technological Innovation; Patents; Growth and Development Strategy; Market Entry and Exit; Digital Platforms; Wastes and Waste Processing; Business Strategy; Competition; Expansion; Technology Adoption; Sports; Environmental Sustainability; Entrepreneurship; Green Technology Industry; Service Industry; Manufacturing Industry; Rubber Industry; Sports Industry; Denmark; Netherlands; France; United States; Pennsylvania; Europe
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      Serafeim, George, Lena Duchene, and Carlota Moniz. "Recycle & Re-Match: The Future of Soccer Turfs." Harvard Business School Case 124-032, October 2023. (Revised November 2023.)
      • September 2023
      • Supplement

      Design and Evaluation of Targeted Interventions

      By: Eva Ascarza
      Targeted interventions serve as a pivotal tool in business strategy, streamlining decisions for enhanced efficiency and effectiveness. This note delves into two central facets of such interventions: first, the design of potent decision guidelines, or targeting... View Details
      Keywords: Marketing; Design; Business Strategy; Policy; Retail Industry; Apparel and Accessories Industry; Technology Industry; Financial Services Industry; Telecommunications Industry
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      Ascarza, Eva. "Design and Evaluation of Targeted Interventions." Harvard Business School Spreadsheet Supplement 524-703, September 2023.
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