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    • All HBS Web  (367)
      • Faculty Publications  (21)

      by John W. PrattRemove by John W. Pratt →

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      • 2023
      • Article

      A Randomized Trial of Behavioral Nudges Delivered through Text Messages to Increase Influenza Vaccination among Patients with an Upcoming Primary Care Visit

      By: Mitesh S. Patel, Katherine L. Milkman, Linnea Gandhi, Heather N. Graci, Dena Gromet, Hung Ho, Joseph S. Kay, Timothy W. Lee, Jake Rothschild, Modupe Akinola, John Beshears, Jonathan E. Bogard, Alison Buttenheim, Christopher Chabris, Gretchen B. Chapman, James J. Choi, Hengchen Dai, Craig R. Fox, Amir Goren, Matthew D. Hilchey, Jillian Hmurovic, Leslie John, Dean Karlan, Melanie Kim, David Laibson, Cait Lamberton, Brigitte C. Madrian, Michelle N. Meyer, Maria Modanu, Jimin Nam, Todd Rogers, Renante Rondina, Silvia Saccardo, Maheen Shermohammed, Dilip Soman, Jehan Sparks, Caleb Warren, Megan Weber, Ron Berman, Chalanda N. Evans, Seung Hyeong Lee, Christopher K. Snider, Eli Tsukayama, Christophe Van den Bulte, Kevin G. Volpp and Angela L. Duckworth
      Purpose: To evaluate if nudges delivered by text message prior to an upcoming primary care visit can increase influenza vaccination rates.
      Design: Randomized, controlled trial.
      Setting: Two health systems in the Northeastern US between September 2020 and... View Details
      Keywords: Vaccination; Health Care and Treatment; Interpersonal Communication; Communication Technology; Behavior; Health Industry
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      Patel, Mitesh S., Katherine L. Milkman, Linnea Gandhi, Heather N. Graci, Dena Gromet, Hung Ho, Joseph S. Kay, Timothy W. Lee, Jake Rothschild, Modupe Akinola, John Beshears, Jonathan E. Bogard, Alison Buttenheim, Christopher Chabris, Gretchen B. Chapman, James J. Choi, Hengchen Dai, Craig R. Fox, Amir Goren, Matthew D. Hilchey, Jillian Hmurovic, Leslie John, Dean Karlan, Melanie Kim, David Laibson, Cait Lamberton, Brigitte C. Madrian, Michelle N. Meyer, Maria Modanu, Jimin Nam, Todd Rogers, Renante Rondina, Silvia Saccardo, Maheen Shermohammed, Dilip Soman, Jehan Sparks, Caleb Warren, Megan Weber, Ron Berman, Chalanda N. Evans, Seung Hyeong Lee, Christopher K. Snider, Eli Tsukayama, Christophe Van den Bulte, Kevin G. Volpp, and Angela L. Duckworth. "A Randomized Trial of Behavioral Nudges Delivered through Text Messages to Increase Influenza Vaccination among Patients with an Upcoming Primary Care Visit." American Journal of Health Promotion 37, no. 3 (2023): 324–332.
      • Article

      Megastudies Improve the Impact of Applied Behavioural Science

      By: Katherine L. Milkman, Dena Gromet, Hung Ho, Joseph S. Kay, Timothy W. Lee, Pepi Pandiloski, Yeji Park, Aneesh Rai, Max Bazerman, John Beshears, Lauri Bonacorsi, Colin Camerer, Edward Chang, Gretchen Chapman, Robert Cialdini, Hengchen Dai, Lauren Eskreis-Winkler, Ayelet Fishbach, James J. Gross, Samantha Horn, Alexa Hubbard, Steven J. Jones, Dean Karlan, Tim Kautz, Erika Kirgios, Joowon Klusowski, Ariella Kristal, Rahul Ladhania, Jens Ludwig, George Loewenstein, Barbara Mellers, Sendhil Mullainathan, Silvia Saccardo, Jann Spiess, Gaurav Suri, Joachim H. Talloen, Jamie Taxer, Yaacov Trope, Lyle Ungar, Kevin G. Volpp, Ashley V. Whillans, Jonathan Zinman and Angela L. Duckworth
      Policy-makers are increasingly turning to behavioural science for insights about how to improve citizens’ decisions and outcomes. Typically, different scientists test different intervention ideas in different samples using different outcomes over different time... View Details
      Keywords: Policy Making; Behavioral Science; Behavior; Change; Decision Making; Policy
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      Milkman, Katherine L., Dena Gromet, Hung Ho, Joseph S. Kay, Timothy W. Lee, Pepi Pandiloski, Yeji Park, Aneesh Rai, Max Bazerman, John Beshears, Lauri Bonacorsi, Colin Camerer, Edward Chang, Gretchen Chapman, Robert Cialdini, Hengchen Dai, Lauren Eskreis-Winkler, Ayelet Fishbach, James J. Gross, Samantha Horn, Alexa Hubbard, Steven J. Jones, Dean Karlan, Tim Kautz, Erika Kirgios, Joowon Klusowski, Ariella Kristal, Rahul Ladhania, Jens Ludwig, George Loewenstein, Barbara Mellers, Sendhil Mullainathan, Silvia Saccardo, Jann Spiess, Gaurav Suri, Joachim H. Talloen, Jamie Taxer, Yaacov Trope, Lyle Ungar, Kevin G. Volpp, Ashley V. Whillans, Jonathan Zinman, and Angela L. Duckworth. "Megastudies Improve the Impact of Applied Behavioural Science." Nature 600, no. 7889 (December 16, 2021): 478–483.
      • Article

      A Megastudy of Text-Based Nudges Encouraging Patients to Get Vaccinated at an Upcoming Doctor's Appointment

      By: Katherine L. Milkman, Mitesh S. Patel, Linnea Gandhi, Heather N. Graci, Dena M. Gromet, Hung Ho, Joseph S. Kay, Timothy W. Lee, Modupe Akinola, John Beshears, Jonathan E. Bogard, Alison Buttenheim, Christopher F. Chabris, Gretchen B. Chapman, James J. Choi, Hengchen Dai, Craig R. Fox, Amir Goren, Matthew D. Hilchey, Jillian Hmurovic, Leslie K. John, Dean Karlan, Melanie Kim, David Laibson, Cait Lamberton, Brigitte C. Madrian, Michelle N. Meyer, Maria Modanu, Jimin Nam, Todd Rogers, Renante Rondina, Silvia Saccardo, Maheen Shermohammed, Dilip Soman, Jehan Sparks, Caleb Warren, Megan Weber, Ron Berman, Chalanda N. Evans, Christopher K. Snider, Eli Tsukayama, Christophe Van den Bulte, Kevin G. Volpp and Angela L. Duckworth
      Many Americans fail to get life-saving vaccines each year, and the availability of a vaccine for COVID-19 makes the challenge of encouraging vaccination more urgent than ever. We present a large field experiment (N = 47,306) testing 19 nudges delivered to patients via... View Details
      Keywords: Vaccination; COVID-19; Nudge; Influenza; Field Experiment; Health; Communication Strategy; Behavior
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      Milkman, Katherine L., Mitesh S. Patel, Linnea Gandhi, Heather N. Graci, Dena M. Gromet, Hung Ho, Joseph S. Kay, Timothy W. Lee, Modupe Akinola, John Beshears, Jonathan E. Bogard, Alison Buttenheim, Christopher F. Chabris, Gretchen B. Chapman, James J. Choi, Hengchen Dai, Craig R. Fox, Amir Goren, Matthew D. Hilchey, Jillian Hmurovic, Leslie K. John, Dean Karlan, Melanie Kim, David Laibson, Cait Lamberton, Brigitte C. Madrian, Michelle N. Meyer, Maria Modanu, Jimin Nam, Todd Rogers, Renante Rondina, Silvia Saccardo, Maheen Shermohammed, Dilip Soman, Jehan Sparks, Caleb Warren, Megan Weber, Ron Berman, Chalanda N. Evans, Christopher K. Snider, Eli Tsukayama, Christophe Van den Bulte, Kevin G. Volpp, and Angela L. Duckworth. "A Megastudy of Text-Based Nudges Encouraging Patients to Get Vaccinated at an Upcoming Doctor's Appointment." e2101165118. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 20 (May 18, 2021).
      • June 2016
      • Case

      Augustine Heard & Co.: Building a Family Business in the China Trade (A)

      By: William C. Kirby, Joycelyn W. Eby and John S. Ji
      Augustine Heard Sr. founded Augustine Heard & Company, a commission house focused on trade between China and the United States, in 1840. He welcomed his four nephews into the family business as it expanded in the increasingly complex economic and political environment... View Details
      Keywords: Exports; China; Commissions; Family Business; Family and Family Relationships; China; Boston
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      Kirby, William C., Joycelyn W. Eby, and John S. Ji. "Augustine Heard & Co.: Building a Family Business in the China Trade (A)." Harvard Business School Case 316-185, June 2016.
      • 2016
      • Working Paper

      Signaling without Certification: The Critical Role of Civil Society Scrutiny

      By: Susan A. Kayser, John W. Maxwell and Michael W. Toffel
      In response to stakeholders' growing concerns, companies are joining voluntary environmental programs to signal their superior environmental management capabilities. In contrast to the literature's focus on certification programs that require a third-party audit, we... View Details
      Keywords: United Nations; Labor Standards; Supplier Relationship; Procurement; Sustainability; Sustainability Management; Quality And Safety; Risk; Globalization; Globalized Markets and Industries; Governance; Working Conditions; Supply Chain Management; Supply Chain; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Quality; Risk and Uncertainty; Safety; Reputation
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      Kayser, Susan A., John W. Maxwell, and Michael W. Toffel. "Signaling without Certification: The Critical Role of Civil Society Scrutiny." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 15-009, August 2014. (Revised July 2016.)
      • June 2013
      • Case

      Hess Corporation

      By: Jay W. Lorsch and Kathleen Durante
      On January 29, 2013, Elliott Management, a hedge fund run by Paul E. Singer, which owned 4.5% of Hess Corporation stock, put forward a slate of five independent directors it wanted elected to improve the company's performance. Elliott argued that Hess lacked focus and... View Details
      Keywords: Takeover Attempt; Board; Hess; Governing and Advisory Boards; Organizational Structure; Acquisition; Financial Services Industry; Energy Industry
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      Lorsch, Jay W., and Kathleen Durante. "Hess Corporation." Harvard Business School Case 413-126, June 2013.
      • 2008
      • Working Paper

      Some Neglected Axioms in Fair Division

      By: John W. Pratt
      Conditions one might impose on fair allocation procedures are introduced. Nondiscrimination requires that agents share an item in proportion to their entitlements if they receive nothing else. The "price" procedures of Pratt (2007), including the Nash... View Details
      Keywords: Resource Allocation; Valuation; Price; Cost
      Citation
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      Pratt, John W. "Some Neglected Axioms in Fair Division." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 08-094, May 2008.
      • December 2007
      • Article

      Fair (and Not So Fair) Division

      By: John W. Pratt
      Drawbacks of existing procedures are illustrated and a method of efficient fair division is proposed that avoids them. Given additive participants' utilities, each item is priced at the geometric mean (or some other function) of its two highest valuations. The... View Details
      Keywords: Price; Management Practices and Processes; Valuation
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      Pratt, John W. "Fair (and Not So Fair) Division." Journal of Risk and Uncertainty 35, no. 3 (December 2007).
      • 2007
      • Working Paper

      Fair (and Not So Fair) Division

      By: John W. Pratt
      Drawbacks of existing procedures are illustrated and a method of efficient fair division is proposed that avoids them. Given additive participants' utilities, each item is priced at the geometric mean (or some other function) of its two highest valuations. The... View Details
      Keywords: Fairness; Price
      Citation
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      Pratt, John W. "Fair (and Not So Fair) Division." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 08-016, September 2007.
      • 2007
      • Working Paper

      Correlated Equilibrium and Nash Equilibrium as an Observer's Assessment of the Game

      By: John Hillas, Elon Kohlberg and John W. Pratt
      Noncooperative games are examined from the point of view of an outside observer who believes that the players are rational and that they know at least as much as the observer. The observer is assumed to be able to observe many instances of the play of the game; these... View Details
      Keywords: Decision Choices and Conditions; Game Theory; Cooperation
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      Hillas, John, Elon Kohlberg, and John W. Pratt. "Correlated Equilibrium and Nash Equilibrium as an Observer's Assessment of the Game." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 08-005, July 2007.
      • June 2005 (Revised September 2008)
      • Class Lecture

      Strategy: Building and Sustaining Competitive Advantage

      By: Bharat N. Anand, Stephen P. Bradley, Pankaj Ghemawat, Tarun Khanna, Cynthia A. Montgomery, Michael E. Porter, Jan W. Rivkin, Michael G. Rukstad, John R. Wells and David B. Yoffie
      It's great to have a blockbuster quarter or a revolutionary product or service, but true business excellence demands sustainability. Maintaining your competitive advantage requires a strategy that makes your business unique and carries you forward as the world around... View Details
      Keywords: Competitive Advantage
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      "Strategy: Building and Sustaining Competitive Advantage." Harvard Business School Class Lecture 705-509, June 2005. (Revised September 2008.)
      • Article

      How Many Balance Functions Does It Take To Determine A Utility Function?

      By: John W. Pratt
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      Pratt, John W. "How Many Balance Functions Does It Take To Determine A Utility Function?" Journal of Risk and Uncertainty 31, no. 2 (September 2005): 109–127. (Article in Honor of Paul Samuelson's 90th Birthday.)
      • December 2000
      • Article

      Efficient Risk Sharing: The Last Frontier

      By: John W. Pratt
      Keywords: Risk and Uncertainty
      Citation
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      Pratt, John W. "Efficient Risk Sharing: The Last Frontier." Management Science 46, no. 12 (December 2000): 1545–1553. (Japanese version, translated by Fumiko Seo, in Modeling and Decision Making in Ambiguous Environments, Fumiko Seo and Takao Fukuchi, eds., 2002 (Kyoto U. Press).)
      • Article

      A New Interpretation of the F Statistic

      By: John W. Pratt and Robert Schlaifer
      Citation
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      Pratt, John W., and Robert Schlaifer. "A New Interpretation of the F Statistic." American Statistician 52, no. 2 (May 1998): 141–143.
      • 1997
      • Article

      Increasing Risk: Some Direct Constructions

      By: John W. Pratt and Mark J. Machina
      Keywords: Risk and Uncertainty
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      Pratt, John W., and Mark J. Machina. "Increasing Risk: Some Direct Constructions." Journal of Risk and Uncertainty 14 (1997): 103–127.
      • August 1996
      • Article

      Willingness to Pay and the Distribution of Risk and Wealth

      By: John W. Pratt and Richard Zeckhauser
      Keywords: Risk and Uncertainty; Wealth
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      Pratt, John W., and Richard Zeckhauser. "Willingness to Pay and the Distribution of Risk and Wealth." Journal of Political Economy 104 (August 1996): 747–763.
      • 1991
      • Book

      Principals and Agents: The Structure of Business

      By: John W. Pratt and Richard Zeckhauser
      Keywords: Organizational Structure
      Citation
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      Pratt, John W. and Richard Zeckhauser, eds. Principals and Agents: The Structure of Business. Harvard Business School Press, 1991.
      • 1982
      • Article

      The Contraction Mapping Approach to the Perron-Frobenius Theory: Why Hilbert's Metric?

      By: Elon Kohlberg and John W. Pratt
      Keywords: Theory; Measurement and Metrics
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      Kohlberg, Elon, and John W. Pratt. "The Contraction Mapping Approach to the Perron-Frobenius Theory: Why Hilbert's Metric?" Mathematics of Operations Research, no. 7 (1982): 198–210.
      • December 1979
      • Article

      Evaluating and Comparing Projects: Simple Detection of False Alarms

      By: John S. Hammond and John W. Pratt
      Keywords: Performance Evaluation
      Citation
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      Hammond, John S., and John W. Pratt. "Evaluating and Comparing Projects: Simple Detection of False Alarms." Journal of Finance 34, no. 5 (December 1979): 1231–1242.
      • January 1971 (Revised March 1992)
      • Case

      Rubicon Rubber Co.

      By: John W. Pratt
      Keywords: Rubber Industry
      Citation
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      Pratt, John W. "Rubicon Rubber Co." Harvard Business School Case 171-330, January 1971. (Revised March 1992.)
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