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Publications

Publications

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    • All HBS Web  (251)
      • Faculty Publications  (73)

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      • 2025
      • Working Paper

      Turning Away from the State: Trade Shocks and Informal Insurance in Brazil

      By: Paula Rettl
      How does economic globalization affect vote choices? Conventional wisdom holds that voters who lose from economic integration support parties that propose expanding the welfare state. However, in the Global South, where the state is frequently weak or under-resourced,... View Details
      Keywords: Global Strategy; Globalized Economies and Regions; Governance; Government Administration; Political Elections; Voting; Latin America; Brazil; South America
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      Rettl, Paula. "Turning Away from the State: Trade Shocks and Informal Insurance in Brazil." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 25-038, February 2025.
      • March 2024 (Revised September 2024)
      • Case

      Norway: An Embarrassment of Riches

      By: Sophus A. Reinert, Forest Reinhardt and Jens-Henrik Munthe-Kaas
      Keywords: Sovereign Wealth Funds; Welfare State; Internationalization; Dutch Disease; Macroeconomics; Energy Sources; Values and Beliefs; Sovereign Finance; Immigration; Welfare; Natural Resources; Happiness; Energy Industry; Norway
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      Reinert, Sophus A., Forest Reinhardt, and Jens-Henrik Munthe-Kaas. "Norway: An Embarrassment of Riches." Harvard Business School Case 724-037, March 2024. (Revised September 2024.)
      • August 2023
      • Article

      Status and Mortality: Is There a Whitehall Effect in the United States?

      By: Tom Nicholas
      The influential Whitehall studies found that top-ranking civil servants in Britain experienced lower mortality than civil servants below them in the organizational hierarchy due to differential exposure to workplace stress. I test for a Whitehall effect in the United... View Details
      Keywords: Mortality; Status; Working Conditions; Rank and Position; Welfare; Well-being; Health
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      Nicholas, Tom. "Status and Mortality: Is There a Whitehall Effect in the United States?" Economic History Review 76, no. 3 (August 2023): 1191–1230.
      • June 2023
      • Teaching Note

      From Cradle to Heaven: Taikang Insurance Group

      By: William C. Kirby and Noah B. Truwit
      Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 320-088. The case explores the rise of Taikang Insurance Group and its quest to be a leader of one of China's fastest-growing industries. Due to China's underdeveloped social welfare state, Taikang saw an opportunity for the private... View Details
      Keywords: Health Care and Treatment; Government and Politics; Health Industry; China
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      Kirby, William C., and Noah B. Truwit. "From Cradle to Heaven: Taikang Insurance Group." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 323-126, June 2023.
      • December 2022
      • Article

      Conflicting Interests and the Effect of Fiduciary Duty: Evidence from Variable Annuities

      By: Mark Egan, Shan Ge and Johnny Tang
      We examine the variable annuity market to study conflicts of interest and the effect of fiduciary duty in brokerage markets. Insurers typically pay brokers higher commissions for selling more expensive annuities. Our results indicate that sales are four times as... View Details
      Keywords: Variable Annuity; Brokers; Fiduciary Duty; Finance; Investment; Insurance; Conflict of Interests; Financial Services Industry; Insurance Industry; United States
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      Egan, Mark, Shan Ge, and Johnny Tang. "Conflicting Interests and the Effect of Fiduciary Duty: Evidence from Variable Annuities." Review of Financial Studies 35, no. 12 (December 2022): 5334–5386.
      • 2022
      • Chapter

      Key Success Factors in Environmental Entrepreneurship: The Case of Wilderness Safaris

      By: James E. Austin, Megan Epler Woods and Herman B. Leonard
      This chapter analyzes the entrepreneurial conception and evolution of the Wilderness Safaris (WS) ecotourism enterprise operating in eight African countries. It illuminates a series of factors that contribute to positive environmental impact as well as financial... View Details
      Keywords: Environmental Sustainability; Entrepreneurship
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      Austin, James E., Megan Epler Woods, and Herman B. Leonard. "Key Success Factors in Environmental Entrepreneurship: The Case of Wilderness Safaris." Chap. 7 in World Scientific Encyclopedia of Business Sustainability, Ethics, and Entrepreneurship, Volume 1: Environmental and Social Entrepreneurship, edited by Peter Gianiodis, Maritza I. Espina, and William R. Meek, 175–196. World Scientific Publishing, 2022.
      • September 2021 (Revised November 2022)
      • Case

      Community Solutions

      By: Brian Trelstad and Tom Quinn
      Community Solutions was an anti-homelessness nonprofit founded in 2011 after protagonist Rosanne Haggerty grew frustrated with the limited impact of traditional housing and outreach strategies. It set an ambitious goal, reached in some partner communities, of ending... View Details
      Keywords: Change; Change Management; Disruption; Transformation; Communication; Communication Strategy; Decision Making; Cost vs Benefits; Decision Choices and Conditions; Decisions; Forecasting and Prediction; Social Entrepreneurship; Ethics; Values and Beliefs; Capital Budgeting; Capital Markets; Country; Government Administration; Government Legislation; Housing; Disruptive Innovation; Innovation and Invention; Innovation Strategy; Knowledge Sharing; Leading Change; Resource Allocation; Mission and Purpose; Performance Evaluation; Performance Improvement; Philanthropy and Charitable Giving; Opportunities; Social Enterprise; Nonprofit Organizations; Human Needs; Public Opinion; Social Issues; Societal Protocols; Poverty; Welfare; Well-being; System; Equality and Inequality; Consulting Industry; Real Estate Industry; United States; New York (city, NY); Florida; Texas
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      Trelstad, Brian, and Tom Quinn. "Community Solutions." Harvard Business School Case 322-021, September 2021. (Revised November 2022.)
      • May 2021
      • Article

      Private and Social Returns to R&D: Drug Development and Demographics

      By: Efraim Benmelech, Janice Eberly, Dimitris Papanikolaou and Joshua Krieger
      Investment in intangible capital such as R&D has increased dramatically since the 1990s. However, productivity growth remains sluggish in recent years. One potential reason is that a significant share of the increase in intangible investment is geared toward consumer... View Details
      Keywords: Drug Development; Research and Development; Investment Return; Demographics; Pharmaceutical Industry
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      Benmelech, Efraim, Janice Eberly, Dimitris Papanikolaou, and Joshua Krieger. "Private and Social Returns to R&D: Drug Development and Demographics." AEA Papers and Proceedings 111 (May 2021): 336–340.
      • December 2020 (Revised February 2021)
      • Supplement

      The Tulsa Massacre and the Call for Reparations

      By: Mihir A. Desai and Suzanne Antoniou
      How should historic social injustices be addressed? Survivors of the 1921 Tulsa Massacre and their descendants, including Representative Regina Goodwin of Tulsa, believe they should be addressed through reparations and have consequently continued to push the government... View Details
      Keywords: Cost vs Benefits; Decision Choices and Conditions; Decisions; Judgments; Race; Fairness; Moral Sensibility; Values and Beliefs; Corporate Accountability; Corporate Governance; Policy; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Government Legislation; Government and Politics; Government Administration; Lawsuits and Litigation; Legal Liability; Leading Change; Mission and Purpose; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Conflict and Resolution; Conflict Management; Loss; Motivation and Incentives; Perspective; Prejudice and Bias; Civil Society or Community; Social Issues; Welfare; Tulsa; Oklahoma; United States
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      Desai, Mihir A., and Suzanne Antoniou. "The Tulsa Massacre and the Call for Reparations." Harvard Business School PowerPoint Supplement 221-064, December 2020. (Revised February 2021.)
      • December 2020 (Revised February 2021)
      • Teaching Note

      The Tulsa Massacre and the Call for Reparations

      By: Mihir A. Desai and Suzanne Antoniou
      How should historic social injustices be addressed? Survivors of the 1921 Tulsa Massacre and their descendants, including Representative Regina Goodwin of Tulsa, believe they should be addressed through reparations and have consequently continued to push the government... View Details
      Keywords: Cost vs Benefits; Decision Choices and Conditions; Decisions; Judgments; Race; Fairness; Moral Sensibility; Values and Beliefs; Corporate Accountability; Corporate Governance; Policy; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Government Legislation; Government and Politics; Government Administration; Lawsuits and Litigation; Legal Liability; Leading Change; Mission and Purpose; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Conflict and Resolution; Conflict Management; Loss; Motivation and Incentives; Perspective; Prejudice and Bias; Civil Society or Community; Social Issues; Welfare; Tulsa; Oklahoma; United States
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      Desai, Mihir A., and Suzanne Antoniou. "The Tulsa Massacre and the Call for Reparations." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 221-044, December 2020. (Revised February 2021.)
      • September 2020
      • Article

      Relaxing Household Liquidity Constraints Through Social Security

      By: Sylvain Catherine, Max Miller and Natasha Sarin
      More than a quarter of working-age households in the United States do not have sufficient savings to cover their expenditures after a month of unemployment. Recent proposals suggest giving workers early access to a small portion of their future Social Security benefits... View Details
      Keywords: COVID-19 Pandemic; Personal Finance; Employment; Welfare; Insurance; Government Legislation
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      Catherine, Sylvain, Max Miller, and Natasha Sarin. "Relaxing Household Liquidity Constraints Through Social Security." Art. 104243. Journal of Public Economics 189 (September 2020).
      • 2024
      • Working Paper

      The Seeds of Ideology: Historical Immigration and Political Preferences in the United States

      By: Paola Giuliano and Marco Tabellini
      We study the long run effects of immigration on American political ideology. Exploiting cross-county variation in the presence of European immigrants between 1900 and 1930, we establish a novel result: historical European immigration is associated with stronger... View Details
      Keywords: Political Ideology; Preferences For Redistribution; Cultural Transmission; Immigration; History; Values and Beliefs; Welfare; United States
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      Giuliano, Paola, and Marco Tabellini. "The Seeds of Ideology: Historical Immigration and Political Preferences in the United States." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 20-118, May 2020. (Revised July 2024. Conditionally accepted at the Journal of the European Economic Association. Available also from VOX, UCLA Anderson Review, Weekendavisen, Cato Institute, Luxembourg Institute of Socio-Economic Research (LISER), World Financial Review, and Newsweek.)
      • February 2020 (Revised June 2020)
      • Case

      From Cradle to Heaven: Taikang Insurance Group

      By: William C. Kirby, Shu Lin, John P. McHugh and Yuanzhuo Wang
      Taikang Insurance Group was a leading Chinese insurance and financial services institution. It operated in the insurance, asset management, and health and senior care industries. Due to China’s underdeveloped social welfare state, Taikang saw an opportunity for the... View Details
      Keywords: Health; Insurance; Strategy; Insurance Industry; China
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      Kirby, William C., Shu Lin, John P. McHugh, and Yuanzhuo Wang. "From Cradle to Heaven: Taikang Insurance Group." Harvard Business School Case 320-088, February 2020. (Revised June 2020.)
      • February 2019 (Revised May 2019)
      • Case

      Hot Chicken Takeover

      By: William R. Kerr, Manjari Raman and Olivia Hull
      By December 2018, entrepreneur Joe DeLoss’s fried chicken company, Hot Chicken Takeover, has opened three restaurants in Columbus, Ohio, using an unconventional employment model that helps people with criminal records get back on their feet. DeLoss is proud of the... View Details
      Keywords: Fair Chance Employment; Fair Chance Hiring; Open Hiring; Inclusive Hiring; Criminal Record; Homelessness; Therapeutic Employment; Corporate Culture; Managing The Future Of Work; Food; Entrepreneurship; Social Entrepreneurship; Values and Beliefs; Fairness; Human Resources; Compensation and Benefits; Recruitment; Employees; Retention; Selection and Staffing; Innovation Strategy; Job Offer; Job Interviews; Human Capital; Leadership; Growth Management; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Mission and Purpose; Social Enterprise; Social Issues; Poverty; Welfare; Food and Beverage Industry; Ohio; United States
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      Kerr, William R., Manjari Raman, and Olivia Hull. "Hot Chicken Takeover." Harvard Business School Case 819-078, February 2019. (Revised May 2019.)
      • Article

      Why Work Requirements Hurt the Poor

      By: Scott Duke Kominers
      Keywords: Social Issues; Welfare; United States
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      Kominers, Scott Duke. "Why Work Requirements Hurt the Poor." Bloomberg Opinion (August 20, 2018).
      • April 2018
      • Case

      Happy UAE

      By: Joshua Schwartzstein, Brian J. Hall, Tiffany Y. Chang, Karim Sameh and Alpana Thapar
      This case centers on the United Arab Emirates' (UAE) national goal of raising the happiness of its residents and visitors through ambitious government initiatives. They combined this bold national goal with an accountability structure (incentive plan) built on Key... View Details
      Keywords: Happiness; Welfare; Governance; Motivation and Incentives; United Arab Emirates
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      Schwartzstein, Joshua, Brian J. Hall, Tiffany Y. Chang, Karim Sameh, and Alpana Thapar. "Happy UAE." Harvard Business School Case 918-041, April 2018.
      • February 2018 (Revised March 2018)
      • Case

      ArcelorMittal and the Ebola Outbreak in Liberia

      By: Sophus A. Reinert, Sarah Nam, Sisi Pan and Eric Werker
      During the summer of 2014, Alan Knight, general manager of corporate responsibility at the integrated steel and mining company ArcelorMittal, observed the unfolding of an Ebola epidemic in Liberia and other countries in West Africa with great concern. On the one hand... View Details
      Keywords: Ebola; Epidemics; Ebola Private Sector Mobalization Group; EPSMG; Civil War; Sovereignty; Change Management; Judgments; Development Economics; Geopolitical Units; Globalized Firms and Management; Emerging Markets; Business and Community Relations; Business and Government Relations; Safety; War; Wealth and Poverty; Welfare; Crisis Management; Mining Industry; Liberia
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      Reinert, Sophus A., Sarah Nam, Sisi Pan, and Eric Werker. "ArcelorMittal and the Ebola Outbreak in Liberia." Harvard Business School Case 718-029, February 2018. (Revised March 2018.)
      • January 2018
      • Supplement

      Norway: The Embarrassment of Riches (B)

      By: Sophus A. Reinert
      Supplements the (A) case. View Details
      Keywords: Sovereign Wealth Funds; Welfare State; Natural Resources; Internationalization; Norway
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      Reinert, Sophus A. "Norway: The Embarrassment of Riches (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 718-026, January 2018.
      • July 2017 (Revised November 2017)
      • Case

      Propel

      By: Mitchell Weiss and Sarah McAra
      In 2014, Jimmy Chen, a former product manager at Facebook, founded the start-up Propel to build software for low-income Americans. After conducting in-depth behavioral research, Chen and his small team in New York City began to develop technology to address the... View Details
      Keywords: Public Entrepreneurship; Govtech; Food Stamps; EBT; Mobile App; User Research; Financial Services Referrals; Grocery Marketing; Customer Discovery; Social Entrepreneurship; Entrepreneurship; Public Sector; Business Model; Research; Social Enterprise; Poverty; Welfare; Mobile and Wireless Technology; Applications and Software; Technology Industry; United States
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      Weiss, Mitchell, and Sarah McAra. "Propel." Harvard Business School Case 818-008, July 2017. (Revised November 2017.)
      • May 2017 (Revised July 2017)
      • Supplement

      Aadhaar: From Voluntary to Mandatory

      By: Tarun Khanna, Anjali Raina and Rachna Chawla
      Approximately 1.1 billion residents of India (99% of the population) had a unique biometric identity—Aadhaar—by 2017. In six years, the Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI) had achieved an unprecedented milestone in emerging and developed markets. The... View Details
      Keywords: Entrepreneurship; Business and Government Relations; Emerging Markets; Information; Information Technology; Organizational Design; Infrastructure; Identity; Projects; Information Management; Government and Politics; Digital Platforms; Internet and the Web; Transformation; Society; Welfare; Social Issues; Private Sector; Public Sector; Information Technology Industry; Asia; India; New Delhi
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      Khanna, Tarun, Anjali Raina, and Rachna Chawla. "Aadhaar: From Voluntary to Mandatory." Harvard Business School Supplement 717-512, May 2017. (Revised July 2017.)
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