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Publications

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  • September 2016
  • Article

History-based versus Uniform Pricing in Growing and Declining Markets

By: Oz Shy, Rune Stenbacka and David Hao Zhang
We analyze the Markov Perfect Equilibria of an infinite-horizon overlapping generations model with consumer lock-in to compare the performance of history-based and uniform pricing in growing and declining markets. Under history-based pricing, firms charge higher prices... View Details
Keywords: History-based Pricing; Introductory Discount; Uniform Pricing; Consumer Lock-in; High Switching Costs; Demand and Consumers; Competition; Price; Market Entry and Exit; Product Marketing
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  • 2019
  • Article

More Amazon Effects: Online Competition and Pricing Behaviors

By: Alberto Cavallo
I study how online competition, with its shrinking margins, algorithmic pricing technologies, and the transparency of the web, can change the pricing behavior of large retailers in the U.S. and affect aggregate inflation dynamics. In particular, I show that in the past... View Details
Keywords: Amazon; Online Prices; Inflation; Uniform Pricing; Price Stickiness; Monetary Economics; Economics; Macroeconomics; Inflation and Deflation; System Shocks; United States
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  • 2023
  • Working Paper

Uniform Rate Setting and the Deposit Channel

By: Juliane Begenau and Erik Stafford
U.S. banks predominantly use uniform deposit rate setting policies, particularly the largest banks. Uniform rate setting ignores local market concentration, and is therefore inconsistent with the identification strategy used to provide cross-sectional evidence of the... View Details
Keywords: Banks and Banking; Financial Markets; Interest Rates; Banking Industry
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  • 24 Apr 2019
  • Research & Ideas

The 'Amazon Effect' Is Changing Online Price Competition—and the Fed Needs to Pay Attention

according to Alberto Cavallo, the Edgerley Family Associate Professor at Harvard Business School. Cavallo, who bases his findings on a decade’s worth of pricing data, sees two notable changes with large multichannel retailers: faster... View Details
Keywords: by Roberta Holland; Retail
  • 25 Aug 2018
  • News

'Amazon effect' could have impact on inflation dynamics: paper

  • September–October 2002
  • Article

Market Power and Power Markets

By: Jurgen Weiss
The paper provides results of a serious of experiments with experienced subjects exploring the relationship between elements of electricity market design and competitive outcomes. The two primary variables examined are a) the price formation (nodal versus uniform with... View Details
Keywords: Energy; Market Design; Competition
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  • December 2021
  • Article

India's Food Supply Chain during the Pandemic

By: Matt Lowe, G.V. Nadhanael and Benjamin N. Roth
We document the impact of India’s COVID-19 lockdown on the food supply chain. Food arrivals in wholesale markets dropped by 69% in the three weeks following the lockdown and wholesale prices rose by 8%. Six weeks after the lockdown began, volumes and prices had fully... View Details
Keywords: COVID-19; Supply Chain; Health Pandemics; Food; Policy; System Shocks; Food and Beverage Industry; India
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  • 11 Sep 2018
  • First Look

New Research and Ideas, September 11, 2018

and affect aggregate inflation dynamics. In particular, I show that in the past ten years online competition has raised both the frequency of price changes and the degree of uniform View Details
Keywords: Dina Gerdeman
  • March 2024
  • Teaching Note

CoPilot(s): Generative AI at Microsoft and GitHub

By: Frank Nagle and Maria P. Roche
This teaching note is the companion to case N9-624-010 CoPilot(s): Generative AI at Microsoft and GitHub, which takes place in late 2021. The case briefly describes the history of both GitHub and Microsoft with a particular focus on open source software (OSS)—software... View Details
Keywords: Mergers and Acquisitions; AI and Machine Learning; Applications and Software; Technological Innovation; Product Launch; Open Source Distribution; Product Development; Commercialization; Competition; Resource Allocation; Technology Industry
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  • 17 Mar 2011
  • Working Paper Summaries

Marketplace Institutions Related to the Timing of Transactions

Keywords: by Alvin E. Roth
  • 06 Mar 2018
  • First Look

First Look at Research and Ideas, March 6, 2018

versus Posted Prices in Online Markets By: Einav, Liran, Chiara Farronato, Jonathan Levin, and Neel Sundaresan Abstract—Auctions were very popular in the early days of internet commerce, but today online sellers mostly use posted prices.... View Details
Keywords: Sean Silverthorne
  • 12 Mar 2024
  • HBS Case

How Used Products Can Unlock New Markets: Lessons from Apple's Refurbished iPhones

Some of Apple’s most loyal customers think nothing of upgrading to the latest iPhone every time one comes out. But what about consumers who can’t splurge on a $1,000 iPhone 15 Pro? And what about the electronic waste that would accrue if people threw away functional... View Details
Keywords: by Rachel Layne; Electronics; Information Technology
  • Fast Answer

Identifiers in Business Information Databases

can be reused by other companies.  Companies can have multiple tickers.  Tickers usually range from 1 to 4 characters.  These are not a stable identifier and should be avoided. CUSIP- Issued by... View Details
  • 16 Jul 2020
  • Research & Ideas

Restaurant Revolution: How the Industry Is Fighting to Stay Alive

industry. It’s less about the pandemic and more about the uniform global shutdown of the economy, which I don’t think anyone would have predicted. This is the ultimate downside scenario: What happens if the entire economy shuts down for... View Details
Keywords: by Michael S. Kaufman, Lena G. Goldberg, and Jill Avery; Food & Beverage
  • 21 Jul 2021
  • Research & Ideas

What Does an ESG Score Really Say About a Company?

Receiving more information can clarify the complex, but not when it comes to environmental, social, and governance (ESG) scores. A recent study shows that the more information a company discloses about its ESG practices, the more rating agencies disagree on how well... View Details
Keywords: by Kristen Senz
  • 19 Apr 2004
  • Research & Ideas

Birth of the American Salesman

evaluated before his departure, and he recorded his every move in sales reports and receipts. Sales managers at large corporations assigned salesmen specific territories and gave them monthly or weekly quotas to meet. They aimed to make salesmanship View Details
Keywords: by Laura Linard
  • 10 Nov 2003
  • Research & Ideas

Globalization: The Strategy of Differences

of price differentials. But the world is not so homogeneous as to have removed arbitrage from a company's strategic tool kit. In fact, many forms of arbitrage offer relatively sustainable sources of competitive advantage, and as some... View Details
Keywords: by Pankaj Ghemawat
  • 05 Aug 2002
  • Research & Ideas

Five questions for Regina E. Herzlinger

of intentions. Uniform prices were thought to enable the sick to buy insurance, and uniform benefits would simplify shopping. But the unintended effect was to shackle... View Details
Keywords: by Martha Lagace
  • 18 Jul 2005
  • Research & Ideas

Time to Rethink the Corporate Tax System?

review in deciding whether you deserve a mortgage would not overstate your earnings, given your desire to minimize taxes. Similarly, tax authorities can rely on the use of tax forms for other purposes to limit the degree of income understatement, given your need for... View Details
Keywords: by Ann Cullen
  • 03 Sep 2020
  • Op-Ed

Why American Health Care Needs Its Own SEC

Employers, insurers, taxpayers, and individual consumers pay widely varying prices for treatments, medical technology, and for digital information of fluctuating quality. One patient may receive a small charge for a treatment, while... View Details
Keywords: by Regina E. Herzlinger; Health