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- Article
Mastering Innovation's Toughest Trade-Offs
By: Christopher B. Bingham and Rory M. McDonald
Leaders must answer eight key questions to address the hidden tensions underlying innovation strategies. View Details
Bingham, Christopher B., and Rory M. McDonald. "Mastering Innovation's Toughest Trade-Offs." MIT Sloan Management Review 63, no. 4 (Summer 2022): 66–72.
- December 2012
- Article
On the Efficiency-Fairness Trade-Off
By: Dimitris Bertsimas, Vivek F. Farias and Nikolaos Trichakis
This paper deals with a basic issue: How does one approach the problem of designing the "right" objective for a given resource allocation problem? The notion of what is right can be fairly nebulous; we consider two issues that we see as key: efficiency and fairness. We... View Details
Keywords: Decision Support; Cost vs Benefits; Fairness; Resource Allocation; Performance Efficiency; Air Transportation Industry
Bertsimas, Dimitris, Vivek F. Farias, and Nikolaos Trichakis. "On the Efficiency-Fairness Trade-Off." Management Science 58, no. 12 (December 2012): 2234–2250.
- 1992
- Working Paper
Employment versus Sub-Contracting: The Real Trade-Offs
By: Amar Bhide and Howard Stevenson
By many accounts, sub-contracting is in the vogue while traditional employment relationships are on the outs. Ten years ago free-lancers, independent subcontractors and the like accounted for about 10 percent of the labor force; today they constitute 25 percent. Of the... View Details
Bhide, Amar, and Howard Stevenson. "Employment versus Sub-Contracting: The Real Trade-Offs." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 88-046, March 1987. (Revised March 1992.)
- November 2006
- Article
Breaking the Trade-Off Between Efficiency and Service
By: Frances X. Frei
Keywords: Performance Efficiency
Frei, Frances X. "Breaking the Trade-Off Between Efficiency and Service." Harvard Business Review 84, no. 11 (November 2006): 92–101.
- Article
Procedural Rules and Procurement Regulations: Complexity Creates Trade-offs
By: Shane Greenstein
Greenstein, Shane. "Procedural Rules and Procurement Regulations: Complexity Creates Trade-offs." Journal of Law, Economics & Organization 9, no. 1 (April 1993): 159–180.
- March–April 1998
- Article
Even Swaps: A Rational Method for Making Trade-Offs
By: John S. Hammond, Ralph L. Keeney and Howard Raiffa
Hammond, John S., Ralph L. Keeney, and Howard Raiffa. "Even Swaps: A Rational Method for Making Trade-Offs." Harvard Business Review 76, no. 2 (March–April 1998): 137–+.
- 2018
- Working Paper
Financial & Temporal Trade-Offs in the Firm-Customer Relationship
By: Daniel A. Brown and Shashank Shah
- 2022
- Book
Productive Tensions: How Every Leader Can Tackle Innovation's Toughest Trade-Offs
By: Chris Bingham and Rory McDonald
Why is leading innovation in nascent business environments so distressingly hit-or-miss? More than 90% of high-potential ventures don’t reach their projected targets. Surveys show that 80% of executives consider innovation crucial to their growth strategy, but only 6%... View Details
Keywords: Growth and Development Strategy; Innovation and Management; Organizational Culture; Leadership Style; Decision Making
Bingham, Chris, and Rory McDonald. Productive Tensions: How Every Leader Can Tackle Innovation's Toughest Trade-Offs. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2022.
- March 2009
- Article
Trade-offs in Staying Close: Corporate Decision Making and Geographic Dispersion
By: Augustin Landier, Vinay Nair and Julie Wulf
We document the role of geographic dispersion on corporate decision-making. Our findings include: (i) geographically dispersed firms are less employee friendly; (ii) dismissals of divisional employees are less common in divisions located closer to corporate... View Details
Keywords: Business Divisions; Business Headquarters; Decision Choices and Conditions; Geographic Location; Employees; Resignation and Termination; Retention
Landier, Augustin, Vinay Nair, and Julie Wulf. "Trade-offs in Staying Close: Corporate Decision Making and Geographic Dispersion." Review of Financial Studies 22, no. 3 (March 2009): 1119–1148.
- Article
Trade-offs between Productivity and Quality in Selecting Software Development Practices
By: Alan MacCormack, Chris F. Kemerer, Michael A. Cusumano and Bill Crandall
Keywords: Quality; Applications and Software; Research and Development; Practice; Performance Productivity
MacCormack, Alan, Chris F. Kemerer, Michael A. Cusumano, and Bill Crandall. "Trade-offs between Productivity and Quality in Selecting Software Development Practices." IEEE Software 20, no. 5 (September–October 2003): 78–85.
- 07 Mar 2016
- Working Paper Summaries
Net Neutrality: A Fast Lane to Understanding the Trade-offs
- 2016
- Working Paper
Net Neutrality: A Fast Lane to Understanding the Trade-offs
By: Shane Greenstein, Martin Peitz and Tommaso Valletti
The “net neutrality” principle has triggered a heated debate, and advocates have proposed policy interventions. In this paper, we provide perspective by framing issues in terms of the positive economic factors at work. We stress the incentives of market participants... View Details
Greenstein, Shane, Martin Peitz, and Tommaso Valletti. "Net Neutrality: A Fast Lane to Understanding the Trade-offs." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 21950, January 2016.
- 2019
- Working Paper
Status Pivoting: Coping with Status Threats through Motivated Trade-off Beliefs and Consumption across Domains
By: Dafna Goor, Anat Keinan and Nailya Ordabayeva
Prior research established that status threat leads consumers to display status-related products such as luxury brands. While compensatory consumption in the domain of the status threat (e.g., products associated with financial and professional success) is the most... View Details
- 2023
- Article
Probabilistically Robust Recourse: Navigating the Trade-offs between Costs and Robustness in Algorithmic Recourse
By: Martin Pawelczyk, Teresa Datta, Johannes van-den-Heuvel, Gjergji Kasneci and Himabindu Lakkaraju
As machine learning models are increasingly being employed to make consequential decisions in real-world settings, it becomes critical to ensure that individuals who are adversely impacted (e.g., loan denied) by the predictions of these models are provided with a means... View Details
Pawelczyk, Martin, Teresa Datta, Johannes van-den-Heuvel, Gjergji Kasneci, and Himabindu Lakkaraju. "Probabilistically Robust Recourse: Navigating the Trade-offs between Costs and Robustness in Algorithmic Recourse." Proceedings of the International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR) (2023).
- 1988
- Article
Innovazione Finanziara Internationale e Stabilita di Mercati: Un Caso di Trade-off
By: Marc L Bertoneche
Bertoneche, Marc L. "Innovazione Finanziara Internationale e Stabilita di Mercati: Un Caso di Trade-off." Economia italiana, no. 3 (1988).
- July 2021
- Article
Creating Exercise Habits Using Incentives: The Trade-off Between Flexibility and Routinization
By: John Beshears, Hae Nim Lee, Katherine L. Milkman, Robert Mislavsky and Jessica Wisdom
Habits involve regular, cue-triggered routines. In a field experiment, we tested whether incentivizing exercise routines—paying participants each time they visit the gym within a planned, daily two-hour window—leads to more persistent exercise than offering flexible... View Details
Keywords: Behavior And Behavioral Decision Making; Healthcare; Exercise; Habit; Routine; Health; Behavior; Decision Making
Beshears, John, Hae Nim Lee, Katherine L. Milkman, Robert Mislavsky, and Jessica Wisdom. "Creating Exercise Habits Using Incentives: The Trade-off Between Flexibility and Routinization." Management Science 67, no. 7 (July 2021): 4139–4171.
- 2020
- Conference Presentation
An Empirical Study of the Trade-Offs Between Interpretability and Fairness
By: Shahin Jabbari, Han-Ching Ou, Himabindu Lakkaraju and Milind Tambe
Jabbari, Shahin, Han-Ching Ou, Himabindu Lakkaraju, and Milind Tambe. "An Empirical Study of the Trade-Offs Between Interpretability and Fairness." Paper presented at the ICML Workshop on Human Interpretability in Machine Learning, International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML), 2020.
- May 2017
- Article
Sacred versus Pseudo-sacred Values: How People Cope with Taboo Trade-Offs
By: Philip E. Tetlock, Barbara A. Mellers and J. Peter Scoblic
Psychologists have documented widespread public deference to "sacred values" that communities, formally or informally, exempt from tradeoffs with secular limits, like money. This work has, however, been largely confined to low-stakes settings. As the stakes rise,... View Details
Tetlock, Philip E., Barbara A. Mellers, and J. Peter Scoblic. "Sacred versus Pseudo-sacred Values: How People Cope with Taboo Trade-Offs." American Economic Review 107, no. 5 (May 2017): 96–99.
- August 2020 (Revised October 2020)
- Teaching Note
To Prioritize Money or Time? The P-Mot Exercise (Instructor)
By: Ashley Whillans and Liz Goldenberg
Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 921-012. Working professionals are often in the predicament of needing to make a choice between activities that will grant them more money or more time. Indeed, in large-scale representative panels of working adults, most respondents... View Details
- Article
Valuing Time Over Money Is Associated with Greater Happiness
By: A.V. Whillans, Aaron C. Weidman and Elizabeth W. Dunn
How do the trade-offs that we make about two of our most valuable resources—time and money—shape happiness? While past research has documented the immediate consequences of thinking about time and money, research has not yet examined whether people’s general... View Details
Whillans, A.V., Aaron C. Weidman, and Elizabeth W. Dunn. "Valuing Time Over Money Is Associated with Greater Happiness." Social Psychological & Personality Science 7, no. 3 (April 2016): 213–222.