Publications

August 8, 2017
Article

Buying Time Promotes Happiness

By: A.V. Whillans, Elizabeth W. Dunn, Paul Smeets, Rene Bekkers and Michael I. Norton

Around the world, increases in wealth have produced an unintended consequence: a rising sense of time scarcity. We provide evidence that using money to buy time can provide a buffer against this time famine, thereby promoting happiness. Using large, diverse samples... View Details

Keywords: Time; Money Funds; Well-being; Money; Happiness; Satisfaction

August 2020 (Revised October 2020)
Exercise

To Prioritize Money or Time? The P-Mot Exercise (Student)

By: Ashley Whillans and Liz Goldenberg

Working professionals are often in the predicament of needing to make a choice between activities that will grant them more money or more time. Indeed, in large-scale representative panels of working adults, most respondents report feeling pressed for both time and... View Details

Keywords: Time; Time-as Money; Money; Time Management; Decision Making

Article

Valuing Time Over Money Is Associated with Greater Happiness

By: A.V. Whillans, Aaron C. Weidman and Elizabeth W. Dunn

How do the trade-offs that we make about two of our most valuable resources—time and money—shape happiness? While past research has documented the immediate consequences of thinking about time and money, research has not yet examined whether people’s general... View Details

Keywords: Well-being; Time; Trade-offs; Orientations; Happiness; Money; Satisfaction

October 2020
Article

Overcoming Resource Scarcity: Consumers' Response to Gifts Intending to Save Time and Money

By: Alice Lee-Yoon, Grant Donnelly and A.V. Whillans

Consumers feel increasingly pressed for time and money. Gifts have the potential to reduce scarcity in recipients’ lives, yet little is known about how recipients perceive gifts given with the intention of saving them time or money. Across five studies (N =... View Details

Keywords: Scarcity; Status; Time; Gift Giving; Status and Position; Money; Attitudes; Emotions

05 Oct 2013
News

Time is not money

20 May 2013
News

Use your money to buy happier time

Article

Valuing Time Over Money Predicts Happiness After a Major Life Transition: A Preregistered Longitudinal Study of Graduating Students

By: A.V. Whillans, Lucia Macchia and Elizabeth Dunn

How does prioritizing time or money shape major life decisions and subsequent well-being? In a preregistered longitudinal study of approximately 1000 graduating university students, respondents who valued time over money chose more intrinsically rewarding activities... View Details

Keywords: Time Use; Trade-offs; Career Decisions; Time Management; Money; Happiness; Values and Beliefs; Personal Development and Career

19 Jul 2018
News

Money won’t make you happier. Time will.

Article

Big Ideas Feature: Time for Happiness: Why the Pursuit of Money Isn't Bringing You Joy—and What Will

By: A.V. Whillans

Adam (real story, fake name) was a good employee who was given a plum project he believed could get him a promotion and a raise. Taking it seemed like the proverbial no-brainer: Work hard, nail the assignment, get more pay. He knew he’d have to put in long days and... View Details

Keywords: Time; Privilege; Guilt; Money; Happiness; Work-Life Balance

01 Dec 2012
News

Taking Time to Make Time

obligations should be as important to those at the organization's highest levels as it is to middle managers. We often find that work obligations overwhelm our best intentions when it comes to spending View Details

Keywords: Time management

Article

Making Seconds Count: When Valuing Time Promotes Subjective Well-being

By: Alice Lee-Yoon and A.V. Whillans

Time is a finite and precious resource, and the way that we value our time can critically shape happiness. In this article, we present a conceptual framework to explain when valuing time can enhance vs. undermine well-being. Specifically, we review the emotional... View Details

Keywords: Time; Happiness; Welfare; Money; Value; Well-being

August 1976 (Revised October 1976)
Background Note

Cash Flow and the Time Value of Money

With the use of charts and examples, gives a detailed description of cash flows, the time value of money, and discounted cash flow analysis. View Details

Keywords: Cash Flow; Value

Educators

November–December 2018
Article

Slack Time and Innovation

By: Ajay Agrawal, Christian Catalini, Avi Goldfarb and Hong Luo

Traditional innovation models assume that new ideas are developed up to the point where the benefit of the marginal project is just equal to the cost. Because labor is a key input to innovation when the opportunity cost of time is lower, such as during school breaks or... View Details

Keywords: Crowdfunding; Slack Time; Innovation and Invention; Labor; Projects; Complexity; Value

09 Jan 2016
News

Valuing your time over money may be linked to happiness

01 Sep 2016
News

Why We Do—or Don’t—Donate Time and Money

studying time (or volunteering) versus money (or donations) in charitable giving. What have you observed? People have different available resources. If someone has more money, we expect them to give more,... View Details

Keywords: April White

20 Feb 2019
News

WeWork, and Can the Government Really Print as Much Money as It Wants?

July 6, 2011
Article

Fine Time to Wade Into Money Market Funds

By: Robert C. Pozen and Theresa Hamacher

Keywords: Money; Markets

January 2017
Case

Where Should Pat Gelsinger's Time Go?

By: Raffaella Sadun

Pat Gelsinger, CEO of VMware, is deciding how to structure the firm presence in cloud computing. He can pursue the opportunity in multiple ways: doubling down the investments in an internal and nascent cloud offering, partnering with established third parties, or... View Details

Keywords: CEO Time Use; Corporate Strategy; Time Management

Educators