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- All HBS Web
(1,103)
- People (2)
- News (160)
- Research (777)
- Events (3)
- Multimedia (1)
- Faculty Publications (394)
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- October 2017
- Article
Elevating Repositioning Costs: Strategy Dynamics and Competitive Interactions
By: Anoop R. Menon and Dennis Yao
This paper proposes an approach for modeling competitive interactions that incorporates the costs to firms of changing strategy. The costs associated with strategy modifications, which we term “repositioning costs,” are particularly relevant to competitive interactions... View Details
Keywords: ＂Repositioning Costs; Strategy Dynamics; Strategic Interaction; Capabilities; Cost; Strategy; Change; Game Theory; Organizational Change and Adaptation
Menon, Anoop R., and Dennis Yao. "Elevating Repositioning Costs: Strategy Dynamics and Competitive Interactions." Strategic Management Journal 38, no. 10 (October 2017): 1953–1963.
- 2018
- Working Paper
The Limitations of Dynamic Capabilities
By: David J. Collis and Bharat Anand
The concept of dynamic capabilities draws its theoretical basis from two classic traditions within the strategy field—the resource-based view of the firm (RBV) (Wernerfelt, 1984) and market positioning (Porter, 1996). A dynamic capability qualifies as a source of... View Details
Collis, David J., and Bharat Anand. "The Limitations of Dynamic Capabilities." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 20-029, September 2019.
- October 2009
- Simulation
Strategy Simulation: Competitive Dynamics and Wintel
In this online simulation students study the dynamics of cooperation and competition between two markedly different businesses that both rely on the flow of PC sales. Playing the role of Microsoft or Intel, students determine product release schedules and pricing, as... View Details
- November–December 2013
- Article
The Dynamic Effects of Bundling as a Product Strategy
By: Timothy Derdenger and Vineet Kumar
Several key questions in bundling have not been empirically examined: Is mixed bundling more effective than pure bundling or pure components? Does correlation in consumer valuations make bundling more or less effective? Does bundling serve as a complement or substitute... View Details
Derdenger, Timothy, and Vineet Kumar. "The Dynamic Effects of Bundling as a Product Strategy." Marketing Science 32, no. 6 (November–December 2013): 827–859.
- January–February 1988
- Article
Dynamic Strategies for Asset Allocation
By: André Perold and William F. Sharpe
Perold, André, and William F. Sharpe. "Dynamic Strategies for Asset Allocation." Financial Analysts Journal 44, no. 1 (January–February 1988): 16–27.
- July 2024 (Revised January 2025)
- Case
Dynamic Pricing at Wendy's: Where's the Beef?
By: Elie Ofek, Alicia Dadlani and Martha Hostetter
In early 2024, Wendy’s new CEO announced on an earnings call that the company would install digital menus in its US locations so it could begin testing dynamic pricing—changing prices up or down in response to shifts in supply and demand – as well as allow engaging in... View Details
Keywords: Dynamic Pricing; Marketing Strategy; Price; Technology Adoption; Consumer Behavior; AI and Machine Learning; Customer Focus and Relationships; Policy; Food and Beverage Industry
Ofek, Elie, Alicia Dadlani, and Martha Hostetter. "Dynamic Pricing at Wendy's: Where's the Beef?" Harvard Business School Case 525-010, July 2024. (Revised January 2025.)
- 2021
- Article
The Virtues and Limitations of Dynamic Capabilities
By: Bharat Anand and David J. Collis
Dynamic capabilities have been identified as a key determinant of competitive advantage. This paper explores the foundations of dynamic capabilities, and the limits to their effectiveness, first theoretically and then through the case of Danaher, the most successful... View Details
Keywords: Dynamic Capabilities; Danaher; Resources; Theory Of The Firm; Value-based Strategy; Organizations; Performance Effectiveness; Competitive Advantage; Strategy
Anand, Bharat, and David J. Collis. "The Virtues and Limitations of Dynamic Capabilities." Strategic Management Review 2, no. 1 (2021): 47–78.
- 2015
- Other Teaching and Training Material
Strategy Reading: Competitive and Cooperative Dynamics
Casadesus-Masanell, Ramon. "Strategy Reading: Competitive and Cooperative Dynamics." Core Curriculum Readings Series. Boston: Harvard Business Publishing 8131, 2015.
- Article
Towards a Dynamic Theory of Strategy
By: M. E. Porter
Porter, M. E. "Towards a Dynamic Theory of Strategy." Strategic Management Journal 12 (Winter 1991).
- 28 Sep 2006
- Working Paper Summaries
Architectural Innovation and Dynamic Competition: The Smaller “Footprint” Strategy
- 2016
- Working Paper
Historical Change and the Competitive Advantage of Firms: Explicating the 'Dynamics' in the Dynamic Capabilities Framework
By: Geoffrey Jones and R. Daniel Wadhwani
This working paper aims to deepen the scholarly dialogue between strategy and history. It does so by examining how historical models of change can contribute to theory and research on the competitive advantage of firms during periods of rapid innovation. Focusing on... View Details
Keywords: Strategy; Dynamic Capabilities; Innovation; Temporality; Context; Microfoundations; Business History; Competitive Advantage; Change; Innovation and Invention
Jones, Geoffrey, and R. Daniel Wadhwani. "Historical Change and the Competitive Advantage of Firms: Explicating the 'Dynamics' in the Dynamic Capabilities Framework." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 17-052, December 2016.
- March 2009
- Article
Customer Experience Creation: Determinants, Dynamics and Management Strategies
By: Leonard A. Schlesinger, Peter C. Verhoef, Katherine N. Lemon, A. Parasuraman, Anne Roggeveen and Michael Tsiros
Retailers, such as Starbucks and Victoria's Secret, aim to provide customers a great experience across channels. In this paper we provide an overview of the existing literature on customer experience and expand on it to examine the creation of a customer experience... View Details
Keywords: Customer Focus and Relationships; Business Strategy; Growth and Development Strategy; Retail Industry
Schlesinger, Leonard A., Peter C. Verhoef, Katherine N. Lemon, A. Parasuraman, Anne Roggeveen, and Michael Tsiros. "Customer Experience Creation: Determinants, Dynamics and Management Strategies." Journal of Retailing 85, no. 1 (March 2009).
- 22 Feb 2012
- Working Paper Summaries
The Dynamic Effects of Bundling as a Product Strategy
- October 2009
- Teaching Note
Strategy Simulation: Competitive Dynamics and Wintel (TN)
By: Ramon Casadesus-Masanell and Ann Winslow
- Summer 2025
- Article
Dynamic Competition for Customer Memberships
By: Cristian Chica, Julian Jimenez-Cardenas and Jorge Tamayo
A competitive two-period membership (subscription) market is analyzed. Two symmetric firms charge a “membership” fee that allows consumers to buy products or services at a given unit price for both periods. Firms can choose between long- or short-term memberships. When... View Details
Keywords: Competitive Price Discrimination; Membership; Dynamic Competition; Competition; Price; Consumer Behavior; Business Model
Chica, Cristian, Julian Jimenez-Cardenas, and Jorge Tamayo. "Dynamic Competition for Customer Memberships." Journal of Economics & Management Strategy 34, no. 2 (Summer 2025): 525–556.
- Article
Dynamic Capabilities at IBM: Driving Strategy into Action
By: J. Bruce Harreld, Charles A. O’Reilly III and Michael L. Tushman
Keywords: Strategy; Technology; Manufacturing Industry; Consumer Products Industry; Computer Industry
Harreld, J. Bruce, Charles A. OReilly III, and Michael L. Tushman. "Dynamic Capabilities at IBM: Driving Strategy into Action." California Management Review 49, no. 4 (Summer 2007).
- January 1984
- Article
A Simulation Analysis of Alternative Pricing Strategies for Dynamic Environments
By: Robert J. Dolan
Researchers of the strategic implications of the well-known demand (e.g., adoption and diffusion) and supply (e.g., experience effects) dynamics have typically sought analytical solutions. Their success in this has been achieved partly by limiting the richness of the... View Details
Dolan, Robert J. "A Simulation Analysis of Alternative Pricing Strategies for Dynamic Environments." Journal of Business 57, no. 1 (January 1984).
- 2020
- Working Paper
Strategic Foresight as Dynamic Capability: A New Lens on Knightian Uncertainty
By: J. Peter Scoblic
This paper proposes to treat strategic foresight as a dynamic capability, providing a new theoretical lens on managerial judgment. Formulating strategy under uncertainty is a central challenge facing the modern firm. Analogy is thought to help managers make sense of... View Details
Keywords: Foresight; Dynamic Capabilities; Managerial Judgment; Risk and Uncertainty; Management; Strategy
Scoblic, J. Peter. "Strategic Foresight as Dynamic Capability: A New Lens on Knightian Uncertainty." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 20-093, March 2020.
- August 2016 (Revised December 2016)
- Module Note
Strategy Execution Module 2: Building a Successful Strategy
By: Robert Simons
This module reading describes the basics of building a successful strategy. Topics in this module include a discussion of the distinction between corporate and business strategy; how to conduct a SWOT analysis of market dynamics and internal capabilities; the use of... View Details
Keywords: Management Control Systems; Implementing Strategy; Strategy Execution; Business Strategy; Five Forces; Distinctive Capabilities; Emergent Strategy; Mission Statements; Strategy; SWOT Analysis; Competitive Advantage
Simons, Robert. "Strategy Execution Module 2: Building a Successful Strategy." Harvard Business School Module Note 117-102, August 2016. (Revised December 2016.)
- August 2016
- Article
Cooperation Can Emerge in Prisoner’s Dilemma from a Multi-species Predator Prey Replicator Dynamic
By: Elisabeth Paulson and Christopher Griffin
In this paper we study a generalized variation of the replicator dynamic that involves several species and sub-species that may interact. We show how this dynamic comes about from a specific finite-population model, but also show that one must take into consideration... View Details
Keywords: Prisoner's Dilemma; Replicator Dynamic; Zero-sum Game; Cooperation; Behavior; Balance and Stability
Paulson, Elisabeth, and Christopher Griffin. "Cooperation Can Emerge in Prisoner’s Dilemma from a Multi-species Predator Prey Replicator Dynamic." Mathematical Biosciences 278 (August 2016): 56–62.