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- January 2021 (Revised March 2021)
- Technical Note
Strategy and Strategic Thinking
This note gives managers a concrete perspective on what ‘a strategy’ really is, what makes a decision ‘strategic,’ and what ‘strategic thinking’ means. It also gives them practical frameworks to assess whether some set of decisions is really a strategy and how to... View Details
Keywords: Strategic Alignment; Strategy Definition; Strategy And Execution; Strategy Test; Strategy; Strategic Planning; Decision Making
Van den Steen, Eric. "Strategy and Strategic Thinking." Harvard Business School Technical Note 721-431, January 2021. (Revised March 2021.)
- September 1987
- Background Note
Establishing Strategic Direction: Aligning Elements of Strategy
By: James L. Heskett
Heskett, James L. "Establishing Strategic Direction: Aligning Elements of Strategy." Harvard Business School Background Note 388-033, September 1987.
- October 2014
- Background Note
Leader-as-Architect: Alignment
Part of a leader's job is to equip the organization to transform inputs into outputs by defining organizational strategy, shaping organizational identity, and then managing four organizational components—formal organizational structure, culture, people, and critical... View Details
Keywords: Organization; Resource Management; Leadership; Business Processes; Design; Organizational Design; Identity; Strategy; Resource Allocation; Strategic Planning; Alignment
Bernstein, Ethan, Ryan Raffaelli, and Joshua Margolis. "Leader-as-Architect: Alignment." Harvard Business School Background Note 415-039, October 2014.
- October 2021 (Revised February 2022)
- Case
Hospital 57357: Aligning Performance Towards a Vision of a Cancer-Free Childhood
By: Susanna Gallani and Youssef Abdel Aal
The case follows the Children Cancer Hospital in Egypt, also known as Hospital 57357, as it goes through the roll-out of a new performance management system, which Dr. Sherif Abouel Naga, founder and CEO of the hospital, had championed. This was a critical juncture as... View Details
Keywords: Healthcare; Performance Management; Performance Incentives; Strategic Alignment; Health Care and Treatment; Nonprofit Organizations; Strategy; Alignment; Performance Evaluation; Mission and Purpose; Change Management; Health Industry; Egypt; Middle East
Gallani, Susanna, and Youssef Abdel Aal. "Hospital 57357: Aligning Performance Towards a Vision of a Cancer-Free Childhood." Harvard Business School Case 122-041, October 2021. (Revised February 2022.)
- July 2024
- Case
Board Director Dilemmas: Strategic Leadership
By: David G. Fubini and Patrick Sanguineti
Professor John Michaels, a distinguished scholar of corporate strategy, has served on the Board of OmniCo, a diversified industrial giant, for four years. Three months ago, the Board appointed a new CEO, Andrew Bennett, to lead growth, develop a more cooperative... View Details
- April 2019
- Case
Barber Cardiosystems
By: Ranjay Gulati and Paul S. Myers
Barber Cardiosystems, based in Melbourne, Australia, designs and manufactures therapeutic devices used for treatment of coronary conditions. Over four decades, it has grown to be among the top 200 medical device companies in the world. It competes against much larger... View Details
Keywords: Organizational Behavior; Strategic Alignment; Cost Management; Performance Productivity; Organizational Culture; Motivation and Incentives; Organizational Design; Strategy; Leadership; Medical Devices and Supplies Industry; Australia
Gulati, Ranjay, and Paul S. Myers. "Barber Cardiosystems." Harvard Business School Brief Case 919-505, April 2019.
- 24 Apr 2006
- Research & Ideas
Managing Alignment as a Process
organization alignment (alignment index). This enterprise scorecard captures the essential elements of the overall strategy. It provides SMI with the top-down guidance from corporate to the business and service units that needs to be... View Details
- October 2005
- Article
Strategic Management as Organizational Learning: Developing Fit and Alignment through a Disciplined Process
By: Michael Beer, Sven C. Voelpel, Marius Leibold and Eden B. Tekie
Beer, Michael, Sven C. Voelpel, Marius Leibold, and Eden B. Tekie. "Strategic Management as Organizational Learning: Developing Fit and Alignment through a Disciplined Process." Long Range Planning 38, no. 5 (October 2005).
- 2005
- Working Paper
Strategic Management As Organizational Learning: Developing Fit and Alignment Through a Disciplined Process
By: Michael Beer, Sven C. Voelpel, Marius Leibold and Eden B. Tekie
- 22 Mar 2010
- Research & Ideas
One Strategy: Aligning Planning and Execution
represents what actually gets done. Strategic integrity is when emergent and directed strategies are one and the same thing: when the strategy executes with the full, aligned backing of the organization for... View Details
- January 15, 2019
- Article
Is Your Company's Strategy Aligned with Your Ownership Model?
By: Josh Baron
The legacy of Vanguard founder John Bogle has brought attention to the transformative influence of ownership structures within the business world. Bogle's revolutionary insight into the limitations of active fund management led to the widespread adoption of index... View Details
Keywords: Ownership Type; Business Strategy; Organizational Structure; Strength and Weakness; Competitive Advantage
Baron, Josh. "Is Your Company's Strategy Aligned with Your Ownership Model?" Harvard Business Review (website) (January 15, 2019).
- 08 Sep 2014
- Research & Ideas
The Strategic Way To Hire a Sales Team
Cespedes explains a strategic process for hiring and managing an effective salesforce: book excerpt Build your Team: Recruitment And Selection From Aligning Strategy and Sales By Frank Cespedes Putting the... View Details
Keywords: by Carmen Nobel
- 12 Oct 1999
- Research & Ideas
A Perfect Fit: Aligning Organization & Strategy
to implement its strategy more effectively," Beer remembers. He and Eisenstat knew from previous research, however, that strategy implementation depends on how well the organization is aligned with its strategy. Most companies do not... View Details
Keywords: by Judith A. Ross
- 25 Jan 2000
- Research & Ideas
Strategic Alliances
development of ten additional case studies—all presented in the forthcoming book The Collaboration Challenge: How Nonprofits and Businesses Succeed through Strategic Alliances (Jossey-Bass and The Drucker Foundation). Austin found that... View Details
Keywords: by Nancy O. Perry
- June 1991 (Revised March 1995)
- Case
Becton Dickinson (D): Strategic Human Resource Management Profiling
By: Michael Beer
Describes a strategic human resource management process applied at the business unit and corporate level. The purpose of the process is to provide a means for aligning human resource management policies and practices with strategy and to hold managers accountable for... View Details
Keywords: Change Management; Human Resources; Business or Company Management; Strategic Planning; Corporate Strategy; Health Industry
Beer, Michael. "Becton Dickinson (D): Strategic Human Resource Management Profiling." Harvard Business School Case 491-155, June 1991. (Revised March 1995.)
- 2013
- Article
The Strategic Fitness Process: A Collaborative Action Research Method for Developing Organizational Prototypes and Dynamic Capabilities
By: Michael Beer
Organizations underperform and sometimes fail because their leaders are unable to learn the unvarnished truth from relevant stakeholders about how the design and behavior of the organization is misaligned with its goals and strategy. The Strategic Fitness Process (SFP)... View Details
Keywords: Organization Alignment; Dynamic Capabilities; Organization Design; Organizational Prototyping; Organizational Silence; Organizational Learning; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Strategic Planning; Organizational Design
Beer, Michael. "The Strategic Fitness Process: A Collaborative Action Research Method for Developing Organizational Prototypes and Dynamic Capabilities." Journal of Organization Design 2, no. 1 (2013).
- 2016
- Working Paper
Pivoting Isn't Enough: Principled Pragmatism and Strategic Reorientation in New Ventures
By: Rory McDonald and Cheng Gao
New technology ventures often experience deviations from their original plans that oblige them to reorient in pursuit of better fit between their evolving products and target customers. Yet research is largely silent on how entrepreneurs explain and justify their... View Details
Keywords: Strategic Reorientation; Technology Entrepreneurship; Innovation; Product Development Processes; Organizational Adaptation; Qualitative Methods (General); Information Technology; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Communication; Entrepreneurship; Alignment; Innovation and Invention; Product Development
- June 2013 (Revised March 2014)
- Case
Hennes & Mauritz, 2000
By: John R. Wells and Galen Danskin
In 2000, Hennes & Mauritz (H&M) was the second-largest and most global player in the fashion retail business. It operated 682 stores, 80% of them outside its home country of Sweden, and achieved revenues of $3.0 billion and operating profits of $375 million. In 1999,... View Details
Keywords: Strategy; Strategy Alignment; Strategic Planning; Fashion; Risk Management; Competition; Problems and Challenges; Management Teams; Globalized Firms and Management; Expansion; Distribution Channels; Retail Industry; Fashion Industry; Sweden
Wells, John R., and Galen Danskin. "Hennes & Mauritz, 2000." Harvard Business School Case 713-509, June 2013. (Revised March 2014.)
- 12 Dec 2005
- Research & Ideas
Using the Law to Strategic Advantage
advantage of executive education opportunities to increase their business acumen. Q: How can managers ensure that legal strategy aligns with corporate strategy? A: Framing is critical here. There are legal aspects to every corporate... View Details