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      • February 2025
      • Case

      Ingersoll Rand: Broadening Employee Ownership

      By: Ethan Rouen and Jenyfeer Martinez Buitrago
      Set in 2024, this case examines how Ingersoll Rand—a global leader in air, liquid, and gas handling technologies—approached broadening employee ownership. The company granted restricted stock units (RSUs) to all employees on their one-year anniversary, reinforcing a... View Details
      Keywords: Stock Shares; Employee Stock Ownership Plan; Retention; Employee Ownership; Mergers and Acquisitions; Organizational Culture; Expansion; Africa; Asia; Europe; Latin America; Middle East; North and Central America
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      Rouen, Ethan, and Jenyfeer Martinez Buitrago. "Ingersoll Rand: Broadening Employee Ownership." Harvard Business School Case 125-076, February 2025.
      • January 2025 (Revised March 2025)
      • Case

      Creating Value by Splitting Aster: Can One Minus One Equal Two?

      By: V.G. Narayanan and Kairavi Dey
      Aster DM Healthcare (Aster), founded by Dr. Azad Moopen in 1987, is a prominent healthcare conglomerate with operations spanning hospitals, clinics, retail pharmacies, and diagnostic centers across India and the GCC. After its 2018 listing on India’s National Stock... View Details
      Keywords: Corporate Governance; Corporate Accountability; Leadership; Change Management; Mergers and Acquisitions; Restructuring; Negotiation; Valuation; Health Industry; Asia; India; Middle East; United Arab Emirates
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      Narayanan, V.G., and Kairavi Dey. "Creating Value by Splitting Aster: Can One Minus One Equal Two?" Harvard Business School Case 125-069, January 2025. (Revised March 2025.)
      • January 2025
      • Article

      Overcoming Barriers to Employee Ownership: Insights from Small and Medium-Sized Businesses

      By: John Guzek and Ashley Whillans
      This research investigates the limited adoption of employee stock ownership plans (ESOPs) among small-to-medium sized businesses (SMBs) in the U.S. Through interviews with 30 SMB owners across various industries, we identify the key barriers to ESOP adoption as lack of... View Details
      Keywords: Profit Sharing; Employee Ownership; Management Practices and Processes; Compensation and Benefits; Small Business; Adoption; Employees
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      Guzek, John, and Ashley Whillans. "Overcoming Barriers to Employee Ownership: Insights from Small and Medium-Sized Businesses." Compensation & Benefits Review 57, no. 1 (January 2025): 64–81.
      • 2024
      • Working Paper

      Climate Solutions, Transition Risk, and Stock Returns

      By: Shirley Lu, Edward J. Riedl, Simon Xu and George Serafeim
      Using large language models to measure firms' climate solution products and services, we find that high-climate solution firms exhibit lower stock returns and higher market valuation multiples. Their stock prices respond positively to events signaling increased demand... View Details
      Keywords: Technology; Generative Ai; Large Language Models; Climate Finance; Climate Change; Innovation and Invention; Environmental Sustainability; AI and Machine Learning; Investment; Financial Markets
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      Lu, Shirley, Edward J. Riedl, Simon Xu, and George Serafeim. "Climate Solutions, Transition Risk, and Stock Returns." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 25-024, November 2024.
      • October 2024
      • Supplement

      Hakluyt: from Corporate Intelligence to Trusted Advisors (B)

      By: Joseph B. Fuller and Lena Duchene
      This case is a continuation of an earlier study chronicling Hakluyt & Company (Hakluyt)’s transformation from an obscure boutique to a global corporate advisory firm with an outsized reputation. In August 2024, the firm faced a pivotal moment as managing partner Varun... View Details
      Keywords: Business Growth and Maturation; Business Model; Talent and Talent Management; Capital Structure; Cash Flow; Corporate Finance; Equity; Stock Shares; Corporate Governance; Business History; Compensation and Benefits; Recruitment; Leadership Style; Growth Management; Management Succession; Management Teams; Organizational Culture; Performance Evaluation; Networks; Partners and Partnerships; Business Strategy; Competitive Advantage; Consulting Industry; Europe; United Kingdom; England; London
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      Fuller, Joseph B., and Lena Duchene. "Hakluyt: from Corporate Intelligence to Trusted Advisors (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 825-087, October 2024.
      • September 2024
      • Supplement

      Allbirds: Decarbonizing Fashion (B)

      By: Michael W. Toffel, Kenneth P. Pucker and Stacy Straaberg
      The Allbirds: Decarbonizing Fashion (B) case encourages students to assess Allbirds’ product development and go-to-market strategies now that Allbirds is a publicly listed company. The (B) case provides a 2024 update on Allbirds including its initial public offering,... View Details
      Keywords: Financial Markets; Initial Public Offering; Global Strategy; Collaborative Innovation and Invention; Innovation Strategy; Knowledge Sharing; Distribution; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Mission and Purpose; Going Public; Performance; Diversification; Stocks; Transformation; Fashion Industry; United States; San Francisco; California; Europe; Asia; New Zealand
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      Toffel, Michael W., Kenneth P. Pucker, and Stacy Straaberg. "Allbirds: Decarbonizing Fashion (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 625-004, September 2024.
      • 2024
      • Working Paper

      Who Clears the Market When Passive Investors Trade?

      By: Marco Sammon and John J. Shim
      We find that firms are the primary sellers of shares when index funds are net buyers, providing shares at a nearly one-for-one rate. Rather than provide liquidity, most demand-side institutions trade in the same direction as index funds, especially over long horizons.... View Details
      Keywords: Investment Funds; Institutional Investing; Price; Investment Portfolio; Financial Institutions; Financial Instruments
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      Sammon, Marco, and John J. Shim. "Who Clears the Market When Passive Investors Trade?" Working Paper, August 2024.
      • 2024
      • Working Paper

      The Golden Revolving Door

      By: Ling Cen, Lauren Cohen, Jing Wu and Fan Zhang
      Using both the onset of the US-China trade war in 2018 and the most recent Russia-Ukraine war and associated trade tensions, we show a counterintuitive pattern in global trade. Namely, while the average firm trading with these nations significantly decreases their... View Details
      Keywords: Trade; Business and Government Relations; International Relations
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      Cen, Ling, Lauren Cohen, Jing Wu, and Fan Zhang. "The Golden Revolving Door." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 32621, June 2024.
      • July 2024
      • Article

      The Passive-Ownership Share Is Double What You Think It Is

      By: Alex Chinco and Marco Sammon
      Each time a stock gets added to or dropped from a benchmark index, we ask: “How much money would have to be tracking that index to explain the huge spike in rebalancing volume we observe on reconstitution day?” While index funds held 16% of the US stock market in 2021,... View Details
      Keywords: Indexing; Passive Investing; Exchange-traded Funds (ETFs); Russell Reconstitution Day; Trading Volume; Information-based Asset Pricing; Investment Funds; Asset Pricing
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      Chinco, Alex, and Marco Sammon. "The Passive-Ownership Share Is Double What You Think It Is." Journal of Financial Economics 157 (July 2024).
      • May 2024 (Revised March 2025)
      • Case

      Hakluyt: From Corporate Intelligence to Trusted Advisors

      By: Joseph B. Fuller and Lena Duchene
      Established in 1995 by a group of ex-British intelligence officers, Hakluyt & Company (Hakluyt) was a corporate advisory firm that generated insights by leveraging a unique blend of internal expertise and a global network of well-connected individuals. Since 2019, the... View Details
      Keywords: Business Growth and Maturation; Business Model; Talent and Talent Management; Capital Structure; Cash Flow; Corporate Finance; Equity; Stock Shares; Corporate Governance; Business History; Compensation and Benefits; Recruitment; Leadership Style; Growth Management; Management Succession; Organizational Culture; Performance Evaluation; Networks; Partners and Partnerships; Business Strategy; Competitive Advantage; Transformation; Consulting Industry; Europe; United Kingdom; England; London
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      Fuller, Joseph B., and Lena Duchene. "Hakluyt: From Corporate Intelligence to Trusted Advisors." Harvard Business School Case 824-200, May 2024. (Revised March 2025.)
      • March 2024 (Revised July 2024)
      • Case

      AMC: The Zero Revenue Case

      By: C. Fritz Foley and Donal O'Cofaigh
      The onset of the Covid-19 pandemic put theatre company AMC’s already perilous financial situation under even further strain. The company’s high levels of debt resulted in a monthly cash-burn which left it facing an imminent Chapter-11 filing in the absence of... View Details
      Keywords: Ethics; Insolvency and Bankruptcy; Public Equity; Stock Shares; Health Pandemics; Entertainment and Recreation Industry
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      Foley, C. Fritz, and Donal O'Cofaigh. "AMC: The Zero Revenue Case." Harvard Business School Case 224-069, March 2024. (Revised July 2024.)
      • February 2024
      • Supplement

      JTC: Stronger Together with Shared Ownership: What JTC Did and Its Impact

      By: Ethan Bernstein
      Nigel Le Quesne, CEO of Jersey-based financial services firm JTC, firmly believed that "shared ownership" was at the heart of his company’s successful track record. The firm had seen its revenues, profits, and number of clients and staff grow steadily throughout its... View Details
      Keywords: Employee Stock Ownership Plan; Leadership Style; Organizational Culture; Going Public; Employee Ownership; Financial Services Industry
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      Bernstein, Ethan. "JTC: Stronger Together with Shared Ownership: What JTC Did and Its Impact." Harvard Business School Multimedia/Video Supplement 424-707, February 2024.
      • 2025
      • Working Paper

      Who Values Democracy?

      By: Max Miller
      This paper examines the conventional view that redistribution is central to the democratization process using data from stock markets. Consistent with this view, democratizations have a large, negative impact on asset valuations driven by a rise in redistribution risk.... View Details
      Keywords: Government and Politics; Risk and Uncertainty; Financial Crisis; Macroeconomics; Financial Markets; Valuation
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      Miller, Max. "Who Values Democracy?" Working Paper, February 2025. (Accepted, Journal of Political Economy.)
      • 2023
      • Working Paper

      The Equity Market Implications of the Retail Investment Boom

      By: Philippe van der Beck and Coralie Jaunin
      This paper quantifies the impact of Robinhood traders on the US equity market. Within a structural model, we estimate retail and institutional demand curves and derive aggregate pricing implications via market clearing. The inelastic nature of institutional demand... View Details
      Keywords: Institutional Investing; Financial Markets; Price; Financial Instruments
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      van der Beck, Philippe, and Coralie Jaunin. "The Equity Market Implications of the Retail Investment Boom." Swiss Finance Institute Research Paper Series, No. 21-12, November 2023.
      • October 2023 (Revised March 2024)
      • Case

      GameStop: Social Media Finds a Cheat Code (A)

      By: Joseph Pacelli and Sarah Mehta
      This case covers the events leading up to the 2021 GameStop short squeeze. Using GameStop as an illustrative example, the case explores the rise in retail trading, increased financial information sharing on social media, and the gamification of investing enabled by... View Details
      Keywords: Value; Stocks; Financial Markets; Social Media; Investment; Applications and Software; Financial Services Industry; United States
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      Pacelli, Joseph, and Sarah Mehta. "GameStop: Social Media Finds a Cheat Code (A)." Harvard Business School Case 124-005, October 2023. (Revised March 2024.)
      • October 2023
      • Article

      Stock Market Stimulus

      By: Robin Greenwood, Toomas Laarits and Jeffrey Wurgler
      We study the stock market effects of the arrival of the three rounds of “stimulus checks” to U.S. taxpayers and the single round of direct payments to Hong Kong citizens. The first two rounds of U.S. checks appear to have increased retail buying and share prices of... View Details
      Keywords: Stock Market; COVID-19 Pandemic; Fiscal Stimulus; Stimulus Payments; Impact; Stocks; System Shocks; Price; Spending; United States; Hong Kong
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      Greenwood, Robin, Toomas Laarits, and Jeffrey Wurgler. "Stock Market Stimulus." Review of Financial Studies 36, no. 10 (October 2023): 4082–4112. (Also NBER Working Paper Series, No. 29827, January 2023.)
      • September 2023 (Revised January 2024)
      • Case

      Icahn Enterprises: Ponzi Scheme or Sound Investment

      By: Aiyesha Dey, Jonas Heese and James Weber
      Icahn Enterprises, a publicly traded limited partnership founded and operated by famed activist investor Carl Icahn, had earned above market returns for over a decade. Between 2018 and early 2023, it had a compound annual return of 31%. Icahn invested in undervalued... View Details
      Keywords: Stock Shares; Investment Return; Business Model; Valuation; Financial Services Industry
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      Dey, Aiyesha, Jonas Heese, and James Weber. "Icahn Enterprises: Ponzi Scheme or Sound Investment." Harvard Business School Case 124-013, September 2023. (Revised January 2024.)
      • September 2023 (Revised September 2024)
      • Case

      IBJ, Inc. (A): Seeking Matrimony in Japan

      By: Ramon Casadesus-Masanell and Akiko Saito
      In March 2020, Shigeru Ishizaka, founder and CEO of IBJ, Inc., Japan's largest marriage matching service provider, faced a critical decision regarding the company’s planned ¥3.5 billion (US$32.8 million) acquisition of competitor ZWEI Co., Ltd. IBJ, founded in 2006,... View Details
      Keywords: Mergers and Acquisitions; Risk and Uncertainty; Business Model; Corporate Strategy; Value
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      Casadesus-Masanell, Ramon, and Akiko Saito. "IBJ, Inc. (A): Seeking Matrimony in Japan." Harvard Business School Case 724-356, September 2023. (Revised September 2024.)
      • July 2023 (Revised February 2024)
      • Case

      Equity Restructuring at Dell Technologies: Buy Out, Buy Up, Buy In (A)

      By: Stuart C. Gilson and Sarah L. Abbott
      In November 2018, Dell Technologies was poised to re-enter the public markets by means of a complex recapitalization that would replace an entire class of publicly-traded “tracking stock,” with new shares that would trade publicly without the need of a formal IPO. The... View Details
      Keywords: Technology; M&A; Recapitalization; MBO; Equity Issues; Private Equity Buyouts; Public Ownership; Stock Shares; Mergers and Acquisitions; Equity; Technology Industry; United States
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      Gilson, Stuart C., and Sarah L. Abbott. "Equity Restructuring at Dell Technologies: Buy Out, Buy Up, Buy In (A)." Harvard Business School Case 224-005, July 2023. (Revised February 2024.)
      • April 2023 (Revised July 2023)
      • Case

      Fermenting Accounting Problems at Vermont Kombucha Corp.

      By: Tatiana Sandino and Marshal Herrmann
      Founded in 2005, Vermont Kombucha Corp. (V-Ko) was an early mover in the fledgling U.S. market for kombucha, a drink brewed for its health benefits. Early on, the company captured more than 90% of market share. Under the leadership of its founder and CEO, Joe Williams,... View Details
      Keywords: Going Public; Business Model; Financial Reporting; Ethics; Corporate Governance; Stock Shares; Food and Beverage Industry
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      Sandino, Tatiana, and Marshal Herrmann. "Fermenting Accounting Problems at Vermont Kombucha Corp." Harvard Business School Case 123-064, April 2023. (Revised July 2023.)
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