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  • 2023
  • Book

The State and Capitalism in China

By: Meg Rithmire, Margaret M. Pearson and Kellee S. Tsai
This element explains China's political economic evolution from state socialist economy to a reform era state capitalism model to a more politicized, risk management approach we call "party-state capitalism." We emphasize the internal and external sources of perceived... View Details
Keywords: China's Political Economy; State Capitalism; State-business Relations; State Ownership; Economic Systems; Government and Politics; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Business and Government Relations; China
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  • March 2013
  • Module Note

State Capitalism and State-Owned Enterprise Reform Instructors Note

By: Aldo Musacchio
Keywords: State Capitalism; Economic Systems
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  • April 2012 (Revised March 2013)
  • Module Note

State Capitalism and State-Owned Enterprise Reform

By: Aldo Musacchio
The note examines state capitalism in the twenty-first century. It introduces a series of topics and cases related to state capitalism, such as the debate about the causes of inefficiency in state owned enterprises, possible ways of turning them around, as well as a... View Details
Keywords: State Capitalism; State-owned Enterprises; Business Government Relations; Political Economy; Turnarounds; Economic Systems; State Ownership; Business and Government Relations
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  • September 2020
  • Article

The Rise of the Investor State: State Capital in the Chinese Economy

By: Meg Rithmire and Hao Chen
The nature and extent of the role of the Chinese state in the economy is fundamental to many empirical and theoretical debates about that country’s political economy. We document and explain the rise of a novel form of intervention on the part of the Chinese state: the... View Details
Keywords: China's Political Economy; State Shareholding; State-business Relations; State Capitalism; China's Financial System; Economy; Business and Government Relations; Finance; System; China
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  • 2020
  • Working Paper

Party-State Capitalism in China

By: Margaret Pearson, Meg Rithmire and Kellee Tsai
The “state capitalism” model, in which the state retains a dominant role as owner or investor-shareholder amidst the presence of markets and private firms, has received increasing attention, with China cited as the main exemplar. Yet as models evolve, so has China’s... View Details
Keywords: Capitalism; State Capitalism; Economic Systems; China
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  • 2012
  • Working Paper

Leviathan in Business: Varieties of State Capitalism and Their Implications for Economic Performance

By: Aldo Musacchio and Sergio G. Lazzarini
In this paper we document the extent and reach of state capitalism around the world and explore its economic implications. We focus on governmental provision of capital to corporations—either equity or debt—as a defining feature of state capitalism. We present a... View Details
Keywords: State Capitalism; State-owned Enterprises; Development Banks; Sovereign Wealth Funds; Economic Systems; State Ownership; Sovereign Finance; Business and Government Relations; Investment
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  • Article

Party-State Capitalism in China

By: Margaret Pearson, Meg Rithmire and Kellee Tsai
The “state capitalism” model, in which the state retains a dominant role as owner or investor-shareholder amidst the presence of markets and private firms, has received increasing attention, with China cited as the main exemplar. Yet as models evolve, so has China’s... View Details
Keywords: Economic Policy; Communism; Capitalism; State Capitalism; Economic Systems; Economics; Policy; China
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  • Research Summary

Reinventing State Capitalism: Leviathan in Business, Brazil and Beyond

Part of the fear and misunderstanding of state capitalism in the post-Berlin Wall era stems from the fact that most observers see state-owned enterprises (SOEs) as inefficient soviet companies. In Reinventing State Capitalism: Leviathan in Business, Brazil and... View Details

Keywords: State Capitalism; State-owned Enterprises; Development Banks; State Ownership; Development Economics; Management; Energy Industry; Banking Industry; Brazil; China; Europe; Latin America; Asia
  • December 2013
  • Article

Leviathan as a Minority Shareholder: Firm-level Implications of State Equity Purchases

By: Carlos F. K. V. Inoue, Sergio G. Lazzarini and Aldo Musacchio
In many countries, firms face institutional voids that raise the costs of doing business and thwart entrepreneurial activity. We examine a particular mechanism to address those voids: minority state ownership. Due to their minority nature, such stakes are less affected... View Details
Keywords: Business Groups; Development Banks; State Capitalism; Performance; State Ownership; Brazil
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  • 2014
  • Book

Reinventing State Capitalism: Leviathan in Business, Brazil and Beyond

By: Aldo Musacchio and Sergio G. Lazzarini
In this book we describe the transformation of state capitalism from a model in which governments owned and ran corporations and broadly controlled the allocation of financial resources into two new varieties of state capitalism: Leviathan as a majority and as a... View Details
Keywords: State Capitalism; State-owned Enterprises; Industrial Policy; Development Banks; Capitalism; Financial Markets; Corporate Governance Theory; CEO Effects; Public Sector; Economic Systems; Financial Institutions; Corporate Governance; Business and Government Relations; Governing and Advisory Boards; State Ownership; Privatization; Public Ownership; Emerging Markets; Banking Industry; Mining Industry; Energy Industry
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  • August 2017 (Revised September 2023)
  • Case

Altoona State Investment Board & Bain Capital Fund XI

By: Josh Lerner and Ted Berk
Considers the decision faced by state pension fund manager Rod Calhoun as he decides whether to invest $200 million in Bain Capital's eleventh global buyout fund: Bain Capital Fund XI. For the fund, Bain was offering its limited partners a choice among three different... View Details
Keywords: Equity Method; Leveraged Buyout; Management Buyout; Capital; Design; Entrepreneurship; Finance; Leveraged Buyouts; Management; Private Equity; Venture Capital; Banking Industry; Massachusetts
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  • 18 Jun 2020
  • Working Paper Summaries

The Rise of the Investor State: State Capital in the Chinese Economy

Keywords: by Hao Chen and Meg Rithmire
  • 2024
  • Working Paper

Capital Market Integration and Growth across the United States

By: Leonardo D'Amico and Maxim Alekseev
What drives the integration of national financial markets and what are its consequences for regional growth? We digitize and collect US state-level banking data from 1953 to 1983 and document a tight link between high nominal short rates and financial integration,... View Details
Keywords: Interest Rates; Financial Markets; Economic Growth; Banks and Banking; Analytics and Data Science
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  • 2022
  • Chapter

The Origins of the Developmental State: The European Experience

By: Sophus A. Reinert
Book Abstract: There has been a major revival of interest in State Capitalism: what it is, where it is found, and why it is seemingly becoming more ubiquitous. As a concept, it has evolved from radical critiques of the Soviet Union, to being deployed by neo-liberals to... View Details
Keywords: State Capitalism; History; Macroeconomics; Developing Countries and Economies; Economic Systems; Europe
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  • October 2012 (Revised September 2015)
  • Case

Altoona State Investment Board: July 2012

By: Josh Lerner and Nathaniel Burbank
Considers the decision faced by state pension fund manager Rod Calhoun as he decides whether to invest $200 million in Bain Capital's eleventh global buyout fund: Bain Capital Fund XI. For the fund, Bain was offering its limited partners a choice between three... View Details
Keywords: Management Fees; Bain Capital; Venture Capital; Private Equity; Leveraged Buyouts; Banking Industry; Boston
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  • January 2015 (Revised January 2018)
  • Technical Note

Note on Comparative Capitalism

By: Clayton S. Rose and Rebecca Henderson
This note draws on academic work, as well as social and economic data across several countries, to provide a basic understanding of some of the differences among capitalist systems. It begins with a description of the system of capitalism, and characteristics that to a... View Details
Keywords: Capitalism; Global; Economic Systems; Global Range; Japan; Germany; China; United States; Sweden
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  • 28 Jun 2012
  • Working Paper Summaries

Leviathan in Business: Varieties of State Capitalism and their Implications for Economic Performance

Keywords: by Aldo Musacchio & Sergio G. Lazzarini
  • 1972
  • Chapter

The Foundation and Current State of Capital Market Theory

By: Michael C. Jensen
Keywords: Capital Markets; Theory
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  • February 2014
  • Background Note

Raising Startup Capital

By: Jeffrey Bussgang
Entrepreneurs typically focus their full energies on business-building. But raising capital is a core part of building a valuable business. Developing expertise in raising capital is more than a necessary evil, it is a competitive weapon. Master it and you will be in a... View Details
Keywords: Fund Raising; Venture Capital Term Sheet; Venture Creation/development; Venture Investing; Venture Philanthropy; Entrepreneurial Finance; Entrepreneurial Management; Entrepreneurs; Jumpstart Our Business Startups (JOBS) Act; Non-equity Financing; Convertible Notes; Convertible Debt; Debt Financing; Raising Capital; National Venture Capital Association; Venture Capital Firm Compensation; Crowdfunding; Crowd-funding; Startup; Start-up; Startup Management; Startups; Angel Investors; Angels; Accelerator; Venture Capital; Financing and Loans; Entrepreneurship; Business Startups; Financial Services Industry; United States
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  • February 2022
  • Teaching Note

Altoona State Investment Board & Bain Capital Fund XI

By: Josh Lerner
Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 218-022. View Details
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