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  • All HBS Web  (705)
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    • Research  (422)
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  • 2015
  • Chapter

Innovation and Entrepreneurship in Renewable Energy

By: Ramana Nanda, Ken Younge and Lee Fleming
We document three facts related to innovation and entrepreneurship in renewable energy. Using data from the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, we first show that patenting in renewable energy remains highly concentrated in a few large energy firms. In 2009, the top 20... View Details
Keywords: Entrepreneurial Finance; Entrepreneurial Management; Energy; Finance; Entrepreneurship; Energy Industry
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Nanda, Ramana, Ken Younge, and Lee Fleming. "Innovation and Entrepreneurship in Renewable Energy." Chap. 7 in The Changing Frontier: Rethinking Science and Innovation Policy, edited by Adam Jaffe and Benjamin Jones, 199–232. University of Chicago Press, 2015.
  • January 2022 (Revised January 2024)
  • Case

ReNew Power: Leading the Energy Transition in India

By: Gunnar Trumbull and Malini Sen
Founder-CEO of one of India’s largest clean energy companies, ReNew Power, which develops, builds, and operates utility-scale wind and solar energy projects, has to decide the way forward for the company as the country and the world stand poised at the cusp of an... View Details
Keywords: Energy Generation; Renewable Energy; Energy Sources; Entrepreneurship; Private Equity; Initial Public Offering; Forecasting and Prediction; Trends; Transformation; Private Ownership; Environmental Sustainability; Energy Industry; India; Asia
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Trumbull, Gunnar, and Malini Sen. "ReNew Power: Leading the Energy Transition in India." Harvard Business School Case 722-028, January 2022. (Revised January 2024.)
  • 05 Apr 2018
  • Cold Call Podcast

How a Coal Polluter Became a Renewable Energy Leader

Keywords: Energy
  • March 2019
  • Article

Economics of Converting Renewable Power to Hydrogen

By: Gunther Glenk and Stefan Reichelstein
The recent sharp decline in the cost of renewable energy suggests that the production of hydrogen from renewable power through a power-to-gas process might become more economical. Here we examine this alternative from the perspective of an investor who considers a... View Details
Keywords: Sustainability; Clean Technology; Renewable Energy; Energy Storage; Sustainability Management; Sustainable Business; Synergies; Green Hydrogen; Green Technology; Environment; Decarbonization; Carbon Emissions; Carbon Abatement; Energy; Accounting; Decision Making; Economics; Environmental Management; Growth and Development; Management; Operations; Science; Transportation; Energy Industry; Energy Industry; Energy Industry; Energy Industry; Energy Industry; Energy Industry; Energy Industry; Energy Industry; Energy Industry; Energy Industry; Energy Industry; Energy Industry; Energy Industry; Africa; Asia; Europe; North and Central America; South America; Middle East
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Glenk, Gunther, and Stefan Reichelstein. "Economics of Converting Renewable Power to Hydrogen." Nature Energy 4, no. 3 (March 2019): 216–222.
  • December 2018
  • Case

Good Energy Group PLC

By: John R. Wells and Benjamin Weinstock
Founded at the end of 1999 by Juliet Davenport and Martin Edwards, Good Energy was the number-two renewable-energy seller in the United Kingdom at the end of 2016, supplying over 71,000 of the country’s 27 million households and small businesses with 100% renewable... View Details
Keywords: Power/Energy; Green Energy; Renewables; Wind Power; Electricity; Power; Strategy Development; Electric Vehicles; Customer Service; Energy Policy; Barriers To Entry; Renewable Energy; Growth and Development Strategy; Competitive Strategy; Business and Government Relations; Problems and Challenges; Strategy; Energy Industry; United Kingdom
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Wells, John R., and Benjamin Weinstock. "Good Energy Group PLC." Harvard Business School Case 719-439, December 2018.
  • January 2019 (Revised December 2019)
  • Case

CrossBoundary Energy

By: John Macomber
Almost 500 million people are without electricity in sub-Saharan Africa. Governments and public utilities are challenged to bring generation and distribution to most of them. Considerable promise exists in “off-grid” or “mini-grid” technologies, notably using renewable... View Details
Keywords: Energy Investing; Economic Development; Renewable Energy; Business Growth and Maturation; Developing Countries and Economies; Project Finance; Emerging Markets; Industry Structures; Infrastructure; Segmentation; Private Equity; Decision Choices and Conditions; Energy Industry; Utilities Industry; Africa; Tanzania; Ghana
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Macomber, John. "CrossBoundary Energy." Harvard Business School Case 219-089, January 2019. (Revised December 2019.)
  • January 1994 (Revised October 1995)
  • Background Note

Renewable Energy in the United States

By: Richard H.K. Vietor
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Vietor, Richard H.K. "Renewable Energy in the United States." Harvard Business School Background Note 794-087, January 1994. (Revised October 1995.)
  • January 1995
  • Teaching Note

Renewable Energy in the United States TN

By: Forest L. Reinhardt and Richard H.K. Vietor
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Reinhardt, Forest L., and Richard H.K. Vietor. "Renewable Energy in the United States TN." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 795-083, January 1995.
  • 2022
  • Article

Reversible Power-to-Gas Systems for Energy Conversion and Storage

By: Gunther Glenk and Stefan Reichelstein
In the transition to decarbonized energy systems, Power-to-Gas (PtG) processes have the potential to connect the existing markets for electricity and hydrogen. Specifically, reversible PtG systems can convert electricity to hydrogen at times of ample power supply, yet... View Details
Keywords: Decarbonization; Energy Storage; Renewable Energy; Batteries; Carbon Emissions; Green Hydrogen; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Energy; Environmental Accounting; Environmental Management; Environmental Sustainability; Green Technology; Decision Making; Investment; Operations; Energy Industry; Energy Industry; Energy Industry; Energy Industry; Energy Industry; Energy Industry; Europe; North America; South America; Africa; Asia
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Glenk, Gunther, and Stefan Reichelstein. "Reversible Power-to-Gas Systems for Energy Conversion and Storage." Art. 2010. Nature Communications 13 (2022).
  • July 2022
  • Case

David Crane’s Clean(er) Energy Strategy at NRG

By: George Serafeim, Michael W. Toffel and Tom Quinn
In 2015, David Crane was the CEO of NRG, the second-largest energy producer in the United States. NRG got most of its power from fossil fuels, but Crane – hired as CEO in 2003 as NRG emerged from bankruptcy – had invested heavily in alternative energy, loudly... View Details
Keywords: Energy; Leadership; Corporate Governance; Transformation; Alternative Energy; Energy Generation; Climate Change; Corporate Accountability; Renewable Energy; Energy Industry; United States
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Serafeim, George, Michael W. Toffel, and Tom Quinn. "David Crane’s Clean(er) Energy Strategy at NRG." Harvard Business School Case 623-005, July 2022.
  • September 2024
  • Case

Copenhagen Infrastructure Partners: Leading the Energy Transition

By: John Macomber and Maxwell Nii Laryea
A leading global infrastructure fund debates whether and when to become engaged in the electrolysis and distribution of hydrogen, as part of the hydrogen economy and the global transtion to a net zero energy world. The proposed billion dollar project consists of ... View Details
Keywords: Energy; Infrastructure; Energy Generation; Renewable Energy; Project Finance; Energy Industry; Spain
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Macomber, John, and Maxwell Nii Laryea. "Copenhagen Infrastructure Partners: Leading the Energy Transition." Harvard Business School Case 225-012, September 2024.
  • December 2018 (Revised May 2021)
  • Background Note

Making UK Energy Smarter

By: John R. Wells and Benjamin Weinstock
This case describes the history of the United Kingdom's domestic energy industry and the country's efforts to create a more competitive, greener, and distributed power sector. On July 24, 2017, the United Kingdom government and the industry regulator, the Office of Gas... View Details
Keywords: Energy Policy; Regulation; Energy Markets; Subsidies; Oligopolistic Competition; Barriers To Entry; Wholesale; Electric Vehicle; Batteries; Energy Storage; Competition Policy; Energy; Policy; Renewable Energy; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Vertical Integration; Competition; Market Entry and Exit; Disruption; Energy Industry; United Kingdom
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Wells, John R., and Benjamin Weinstock. "Making UK Energy Smarter." Harvard Business School Background Note 719-438, December 2018. (Revised May 2021.)
  • March 1, 2021
  • Article

Transitioning to Clean Energy Transportation Services: Life-cycle Cost Analysis for Vehicle Fleets

By: Stephen Comello, Gunther Glenk and Stefan Reichelstein
Comprehensive global decarbonization requires that transportation services cease to rely on fossil fuels for power generation. This paper develops a generic, time-driven life-cycle cost model for mobility services to address two closely related questions central to the... View Details
Keywords: Decarbonization; Electric Vehicles; Renewable Energy; Biofuel; Carbon Emissions; Mobility; Batteries; Energy; Environmental Management; Environmental Accounting; Transportation; Operations; Management; Sustainable Cities; Decision Making; Investment; Energy Industry; Energy Industry; Energy Industry; Energy Industry; Energy Industry; Energy Industry; Energy Industry; Energy Industry; Europe; North America; South America; Africa; Asia
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Comello, Stephen, Gunther Glenk, and Stefan Reichelstein. "Transitioning to Clean Energy Transportation Services: Life-cycle Cost Analysis for Vehicle Fleets." Art. 116408. Applied Energy 285 (March 1, 2021).
  • March 2020
  • Article

Synergistic Value in Vertically Integrated Power-to-Gas Energy Systems

By: Gunther Glenk and Stefan Reichelstein
In vertically integrated energy systems, integration frequently entails operational gains that must be traded off against the requisite cost of capacity investments. In the context of the model analyzed in this study, the operational gains are subject to inherent... View Details
Keywords: Vertical Integration; Volatility; Capital Investment; Capacity Management; Renewable Energy; Green Hydrogen; Decarbonization; Carbon Emissions; Environment; Energy; Environmental Accounting; Environmental Management; Environmental Sustainability; Investment; Decision Making; Operations; Technological Innovation; Green Technology; Energy Industry; Energy Industry; Energy Industry; Energy Industry; Energy Industry; Energy Industry; Energy Industry; Energy Industry; Energy Industry; Energy Industry; Europe; North America; South America; Africa; Asia
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Glenk, Gunther, and Stefan Reichelstein. "Synergistic Value in Vertically Integrated Power-to-Gas Energy Systems." Production and Operations Management 29, no. 3 (March 2020): 526–546.
  • October 2012
  • Case

Romney vs. Obama and U.S. Energy Policy

By: Rawi Abdelal and Kaitlyn Tuthill
In 2012, the energy sector in the United States was demanding major reform. Prices of oil and gas had continued to cripple the middle and lower class as the U.S. economy slowly recovered. At the same time, the U.S. lagged behind developed economies in production of... View Details
Keywords: Mitt Romney; Barack Obama; Energy; Election Outcomes; Climate Change; Renewable Energy; Political Elections; Policy; Business and Government Relations; Public Administration Industry; United States
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Abdelal, Rawi, and Kaitlyn Tuthill. "Romney vs. Obama and U.S. Energy Policy." Harvard Business School Case 713-050, October 2012.
  • 06 Jul 2010
  • Research & Ideas

Renewable Energy: Winds at Our Back?

When American energy entrepreneur Jim Gordon envisioned the first offshore wind farm lining the horizon a few miles off the coast of the eastern United States, he perhaps did not factor in blowback from almost every angle. Gordon's nearly 10-year battle to gain... View Details
Keywords: by Sarah Jane Gilbert; Energy; Utilities
  • January 2024 (Revised January 2025)
  • Case

Colbún and Chile’s Energy Transition

By: Forest Reinhardt, Jenyfeer Martinez Buitrago and Mariana Cal
In May 2023, Colbún, Chile’s second-largest electricity generator, plans capacity expansions using renewable energy and storage. This strategy supports Chile’s commitment to carbon neutrality (also known as net zero emissions) by 2050. The case delves into the... View Details
Keywords: Transition; Energy Generation; Renewable Energy; Climate Change; Investment; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Infrastructure; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Expansion; Business Strategy; Energy Industry; Utilities Industry; Latin America; South America; Chile
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Reinhardt, Forest, Jenyfeer Martinez Buitrago, and Mariana Cal. "Colbún and Chile's Energy Transition." Harvard Business School Case 724-026, January 2024. (Revised January 2025.)
  • December 2023
  • Article

When Should the Off-Grid Sun Shine at Night? Optimum Renewable Generation and Energy Storage Investments

By: Christian Kaps, Simone Marinesi and Serguei Netessine
Globally, 1.5 billion people live off the grid, their only access to electricity often limited to operationally-expensive fossil fuel generators. Solar power has risen as a sustainable and less costly option, but its generation is variable during the day and... View Details
Keywords: Energy; Renewable Energy
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Kaps, Christian, Simone Marinesi, and Serguei Netessine. "When Should the Off-Grid Sun Shine at Night? Optimum Renewable Generation and Energy Storage Investments." Management Science 69, no. 12 (December 2023): 7633–7650.
  • February 2024
  • Supplement

ReNew (B): A New Direction

By: Gunnar Trumbull and Malini Sen
The global renewables sector was in a slump, but the Indian market was booming. India’s largest renewable electricity generator, ReNew, faced a dilemma: it traded on the Nasdaq in New York, but saw huge opportunity in the Indian market. In response, CEO Sumant Sinha... View Details
Keywords: Energy Generation; Renewable Energy; Entrepreneurship; Forecasting and Prediction; Trends; Transformation; Private Ownership; Environmental Sustainability; Mission and Purpose; Expansion; Market Entry and Exit; Energy Industry; Asia; India
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Trumbull, Gunnar, and Malini Sen. "ReNew (B): A New Direction." Harvard Business School Supplement 724-032, February 2024.
  • 2025
  • Working Paper

When Where Watt: Harnessing the Value of Time and Location for Renewable Electricity Generation

By: Vishrut Rana, Christian Kaps and Serguei Netessine
Problem definition: Investments in renewable energy have surged worldwide in recent years, with over $2 trillion spent globally on clean energy. This surge was driven by growing policy support, concerns about energy security, and, most importantly, the cost... View Details
Keywords: Wind Power; Electricity Distribution; Renewable Energy; Profit; Investment Return; Factories, Labs, and Plants; Geographic Location; Revenue; Energy Industry; Utilities Industry
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Rana, Vishrut, Christian Kaps, and Serguei Netessine. "When Where Watt: Harnessing the Value of Time and Location for Renewable Electricity Generation." Working Paper, January 2025.
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