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    • News  (78)
    • Research  (193)
    • Multimedia  (15)
  • Faculty Publications  (106)

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  • All HBS Web  (317)
    • News  (78)
    • Research  (193)
    • Multimedia  (15)
  • Faculty Publications  (106)
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  • 22 Jan 2019
  • Interview

Creating Psychological Safety in the Workplace

By: Amy C. Edmondson and Curt Nickisch
Amy Edmondson, professor at Harvard Business School, first identified the concept of psychological safety in work teams in 1999. Since then, she has observed how companies with a trusting workplace perform better. Psychological safety isn’t about being nice, she says.... View Details
Keywords: Psychological Safety; Trust; Organizational Culture; Performance Effectiveness
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"Creating Psychological Safety in the Workplace." HBR IdeaCast (podcast), Harvard Business Review Group, January 22, 2019.
  • 28 Dec 2020
  • Interview

Psychological Safety and Fearless Organisations

By: Amy C. Edmondson and Vesna Lucca
In This Podcast:
• The ugly and beauty in transformational change
• Why don’t all companies create psychological safety
• Her passion to create a better workplace
• Buckminster Fuller
• The importance of system thinking
• The power... View Details
Keywords: Psychological Safety; Organizational Culture; Transformation
Citation
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"Psychological Safety and Fearless Organisations." Episode 112. Corporate Unplugged (podcast), December 28, 2020.
  • 30 Apr 2020
  • Talk

The Psychological Safety Imperative

By: Amy C. Edmondson
Keywords: Psychological Safety
Citation
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"The Psychological Safety Imperative." HSTalks: The Business & Management Collection, Henry Stewart Talks Ltd., April 30, 2020.
  • 2024
  • Article

Psychological Safety as an Enduring Resource amid Constraints

By: Hassina Bahadurzada, Amy C. Edmondson and Michaela J. Kerrissey
While psychological safety is recognized as valuable in healthcare, its relationship to resource constraints is not well understood. We investigate whether psychological safety mitigates the negative impact of resource constraints on employees. Leveraging longitudinal... View Details
Keywords: Burnout; Psychological Safety; Healthcare Administration; Health Care and Treatment; Employees; Retention; Well-being; Health Industry
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Bahadurzada, Hassina, Amy C. Edmondson, and Michaela J. Kerrissey. "Psychological Safety as an Enduring Resource amid Constraints." Special Issue on Psychological Safety in Healthcare Settings. International Journal of Public Health 69 (2024).
  • April 2024
  • Article

Speaking up and Taking Action: Psychological Safety and Joint Problem-solving Orientation in Safety Improvement

By: Hassina Bahadurzada, Michaela J. Kerrissey and Amy C. Edmondson
Healthcare organizations face stubborn challenges in ensuring patient safety and mitigating clinician turnover. This paper aims to advance theory and research on patient safety by elucidating how the role of psychological safety in patient safety can be enhanced with... View Details
Keywords: Healthcare Operations; Psychological Safety; Teams; Retention; Safety; Customer Satisfaction; Organizational Culture; Performance Evaluation; Health Industry
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Bahadurzada, Hassina, Michaela J. Kerrissey, and Amy C. Edmondson. "Speaking up and Taking Action: Psychological Safety and Joint Problem-solving Orientation in Safety Improvement." Art. 812. Healthcare 12, no. 8 (April 2024).
  • 2022
  • Working Paper

Exploring the Relationship between Team Diversity, Psychological Safety and Team Performance: Evidence from Pharmaceutical Drug Development

By: Henrik Bresman and Amy C. Edmondson
Breakthrough performance in teams requires pooling diverse perspectives and expertise. To realize the potential of diversity, communicating and translating across differences is essential. However, left to their own devices, diverse teams tend to underperform, in part... View Details
Keywords: Teams; Psychological Safety; Groups and Teams; Diversity; Interpersonal Communication; Performance
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Bresman, Henrik, and Amy C. Edmondson. "Exploring the Relationship between Team Diversity, Psychological Safety and Team Performance: Evidence from Pharmaceutical Drug Development." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 22-055, February 2022.
  • 9 Nov 2021
  • Interview

How to Build Psychological Safety in Your Workplace with The Fearless Organization Author, Amy C. Edmondson

By: Amy C. Edmondson and Dominic Monkhouse
If you want to be better at leading a team. If you want to know how to lead a good decision making process. Or how to engage and inspire people to bring their full self to work, don’t miss Amy Edmondson, Harvard Business School professor and author of The Fearless... View Details
Keywords: Psychological Safety; Organizational Culture; Groups and Teams; Decision Making; Motivation and Incentives
Citation
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"How to Build Psychological Safety in Your Workplace with The Fearless Organization Author, Amy C. Edmondson." Episode 169. The Melting Pot (podcast), November 9, 2021.
  • April 23, 2020
  • Other Article

The Impact of Covid-19 on Psychological Safety in the Workplace (Interview)

By: Amy C. Edmondson
Keywords: Psychological Safety
Citation
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Edmondson, Amy C. "The Impact of Covid-19 on Psychological Safety in the Workplace (Interview)." HSTalks Business and Management Collection (April 23, 2020).
  • October–December 2022
  • Article

How Psychological Safety and Feeling Heard Relate to Burnout and Adaptation Amid Uncertainty

By: Michaela J. Kerrissey, Tuna Cem Hayirli, Aditi Bhanja, Nicholas Stark, James Hardy and Christopher Peabody
Background: Psychological safety—the belief that it is safe to speak up—is vital amid uncertainty, but its relationship to feeling heard is not well understood.
Purpose: The aims of this study were (a) to measure feeling heard and (b) to assess... View Details
Keywords: Burnout; Crisis; Psychological Safety; Feeling Heard; Process Adaptation; Interpersonal Communication; Well-being; Health Care and Treatment; Adaptation
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Kerrissey, Michaela J., Tuna Cem Hayirli, Aditi Bhanja, Nicholas Stark, James Hardy, and Christopher Peabody. "How Psychological Safety and Feeling Heard Relate to Burnout and Adaptation Amid Uncertainty." Health Care Management Review 47, no. 4 (October–December 2022): 308–316.
  • Article

Resilience vs. Vulnerability: Psychological Safety and Reporting of Near Misses with Varying Proximity to Harm in Radiation Oncology

By: Palak Kundu, Olivia Jung, Amy C. Edmondson, Nzhde Agazaryan, John Hegde, Michael Steinberg and Ann Raldow
Background
Psychological safety, a shared belief that interpersonal risk taking is safe, is an important determinant of incident reporting. However, how psychological safety affects near-miss reporting is unclear, as near misses contain contrasting cues that... View Details
Keywords: Psychological Safety; Near-miss Reporting; Health Care and Treatment; Safety
Citation
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Kundu, Palak, Olivia Jung, Amy C. Edmondson, Nzhde Agazaryan, John Hegde, Michael Steinberg, and Ann Raldow. "Resilience vs. Vulnerability: Psychological Safety and Reporting of Near Misses with Varying Proximity to Harm in Radiation Oncology." Joint Commission Journal on Quality and Patient Safety 47, no. 1 (January 2021): 15–22.
  • 2018
  • Book

The Fearless Organization: Creating Psychological Safety in the Workplace for Learning, Innovation, and Growth

By: Amy C. Edmondson
The Fearless Organization: Creating Psychological Safety in the Workplace for Learning, Innovation, and Growth offers practical guidance for teams and organizations who are serious about success in the modern economy. With so much riding on innovation,... View Details
Keywords: Psychological Safety; Knowledge Economy; Teaming; Management; Organizational Culture; Innovation and Management; Learning
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Edmondson, Amy C. The Fearless Organization: Creating Psychological Safety in the Workplace for Learning, Innovation, and Growth. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 2018.
  • 2007
  • Chapter

Psychological Safety

By: A. C. Edmondson
Keywords: Social Psychology; Safety
Citation
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Edmondson, A. C. "Psychological Safety." In International Encyclopedia of Organization Studies, edited by Stewart R. Clegg and James R. Bailey. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 2007.
  • 2015
  • Chapter

Psychological Safety

By: Amy C. Edmondson
Citation
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Edmondson, Amy C. "Psychological Safety." In Contemporary Organizational Behavior: From Ideas to Action, by Kimberly D. Elsbach, Anna Kayes, and D. Chris Kayes. Pearson Prentice Hall, 2015.
  • 14 Apr 2019
  • Interview

How to Build Psychological Safety, with Amy Edmondson

By: Amy C. Edmondson and Dave Stachowiak
Amy Edmondson is the Novartis Professor of Leadership and Management at the Harvard Business School. She has been recognized by the Thinkers50 global ranking of management thinkers for many years and was honored with their Talent Award in 2017. Amy is the author of... View Details
Keywords: Psychological Safety; Organizational Culture; Groups and Teams; Performance Effectiveness
Citation
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"How to Build Psychological Safety, with Amy Edmondson." Episode 404. Coaching for Leaders (podcast), April 14, 2019.
  • May–June 2025
  • Article

What People Get Wrong About Psychological Safety

By: Amy C. Edmondson and Michaela J. Kerrissey
Psychological safety—a shared belief among team members that it’s OK to speak up with candor—has become a popular concept. However, as its popularity has grown, so too have misconceptions about it. Such misunderstandings can lead to frustration among leaders and... View Details
Keywords: Leadership; Organizational Culture; Employees; Interpersonal Communication
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Edmondson, Amy C., and Michaela J. Kerrissey. "What People Get Wrong About Psychological Safety." Harvard Business Review 103, no. 3 (May–June 2025): 52–59.
  • Article

From Orientation to Behavior: The Interplay Between Learning Orientation, Open-mindedness, and Psychological Safety in Team Learning

By: Jean-François Harvey, Kevin J. Johnson, Kathryn S. Roloff and Amy C. Edmondson
Do teams with motivation to learn actually engage in the behaviors that produce learning? Though team learning orientation has been found to be positively related to team learning, we know little about how and when it actually fosters team learning. It is obviously not... View Details
Keywords: Emergent States; Goal Orientation; Open-mindedness; Psychological Safety; Team Learning; Teams; Groups and Teams; Learning; Goals and Objectives
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Harvey, Jean-François, Kevin J. Johnson, Kathryn S. Roloff, and Amy C. Edmondson. "From Orientation to Behavior: The Interplay Between Learning Orientation, Open-mindedness, and Psychological Safety in Team Learning." Human Relations 72, no. 11 (November 2019): 1726–1751.
  • Article

Psychological Safety and Near Miss Events in Radiation Oncology

By: Palak Kundu, Olivia Jung, Kathy Rose, Chonlawan Khaothiemsang, Nzhde Agazaryan, Amy C. Edmondson, Michael L. Steinberg and Ann C. Raldow
Background: Near miss events, defined as harm averted due to chance, are learning opportunities in radiation oncology. Psychological safety is a feature of a learning environment characterized by interpersonal risk taking. We examine the effects of near miss type and... View Details
Citation
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Kundu, Palak, Olivia Jung, Kathy Rose, Chonlawan Khaothiemsang, Nzhde Agazaryan, Amy C. Edmondson, Michael L. Steinberg, and Ann C. Raldow. "Psychological Safety and Near Miss Events in Radiation Oncology." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 27 suppl. (September 20, 2019): 231.
  • 2008
  • Chapter

Overcoming Barriers to Collaboration: Psychological Safety and Learning in Diverse Teams

By: A. Edmondson and Kate Roloff
We review research on psychological safety and team learning to identify core ideas and findings in these closely related literatures and to propose a model in which a negative relationship between team member diversity and team collaboration is moderated by... View Details
Keywords: Interpersonal Communication; Groups and Teams; Social and Collaborative Networks; Performance Improvement; Learning; Diversity
Citation
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Edmondson, A., and Kate Roloff. "Overcoming Barriers to Collaboration: Psychological Safety and Learning in Diverse Teams." In Team Effectiveness in Complex Organizations: Cross-disciplinary Perspectives and Approaches, edited by E. Sales, G. G. Goodwin, and C. S. Burke.Organizational Frontiers Series. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2008.
  • 2005
  • Chapter

Explaining Psychological Safety in Innovation Teams

By: A. Edmondson and Josephine Pichanick Mogelof
Keywords: Groups and Teams; Safety; Innovation and Management; Working Conditions; Social Psychology
Citation
Related
Edmondson, A., and Josephine Pichanick Mogelof. "Explaining Psychological Safety in Innovation Teams." In Creativity and Innovation in Organizational Teams, edited by L. Thompson and H. Choi, 109–136. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2005.
  • January 2023
  • Article

Psychological Safety Comes of Age: Observed Themes in an Established Literature

By: Amy C. Edmondson and Derrick P. Bransby
Since its renaissance in the 1990s, psychological safety research has flourished—a boom motivated by recognition of the challenge of navigating uncertainty and change. Today, its theoretical and practical significance is amplified by the increasingly complex and... View Details
Keywords: Safety; Risk and Uncertainty; Leadership; Working Conditions; Research; Performance; Learning; Organizational Culture
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Edmondson, Amy C., and Derrick P. Bransby. "Psychological Safety Comes of Age: Observed Themes in an Established Literature." Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior 10 (January 2023): 55–78.
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