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- All HBS Web
(242)
- News (65)
- Research (119)
- Events (3)
- Multimedia (12)
- Faculty Publications (69)
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- 2025
- Working Paper
The Political Polarization of Corporate America
By: Vyacheslav Fos, Elisabeth Kempf and Margarita Tsoutsoura
U.S. executives are increasingly segregating by political party. We establish this new fact using
political affiliations from voter registration records for top executives of S&P 1500 firms between
2008 and 2022. We identify key drivers of this trend, including... View Details
Keywords: Political Polarization; Partisanship; Executives; Government and Politics; Business and Shareholder Relations; United States
Fos, Vyacheslav, Elisabeth Kempf, and Margarita Tsoutsoura. "The Political Polarization of Corporate America." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 23-003, July 2022. (Revised March 2025.)
- April 11, 2017
- Article
Systems Change in a Polarized Country
By: Mark R. Kramer
A growing number of U.S. foundations are adopting practices based on systems change to achieve their goals in the current political environment. View Details
Kramer, Mark R. "Systems Change in a Polarized Country." Stanford Social Innovation Review (website) (April 11, 2017).
- 2022
- Working Paper
Values as Luxury Goods and Political Polarization
By: Benjamin Enke, Mattias Polborn and Alex A Wu
Motivated by novel survey evidence, this paper develops a theory of political
behavior in which values are a luxury good: the relative weight voters place
on values rather than material considerations increases in income. The model
predicts (i) voters who are... View Details
Keywords: Political Polarization; Government and Politics; Moral Sensibility; Luxury; Values and Beliefs; Voting
Enke, Benjamin, Mattias Polborn, and Alex A Wu. "Values as Luxury Goods and Political Polarization." Working Paper, April 2022. (Revised April 2023.)
- Article
Managing a Polarized Workforce: How to Foster Debate and Promote Trust
By: Julia A. Minson and Francesca Gino
One of the toughest challenges leaders face is managing diverse perspectives—and given heightened tensions over politics and movements such as #MeToo and Black Lives Matter, that’s more difficult today than ever before. At the same time, productive disagreement and... View Details
Keywords: Polarization; Employees; Perspective; Interpersonal Communication; Organizational Culture; Trust
Minson, Julia A., and Francesca Gino. "Managing a Polarized Workforce: How to Foster Debate and Promote Trust." Harvard Business Review 100, no. 2 (March–April 2022): 63–71.
- August 2012
- Case
Polar Sports, Inc.
By: W. Carl Kester and Wei Wang
Polar Sports, Inc. is a fashion skiwear manufacturing company in Littleton, Colorado. The company has a unique design for skiwear using a special synthetic material that improves insulation and durability. The ski apparel industry is highly competitive and the best way... View Details
Keywords: Production; Decision Choices and Conditions; Competitive Strategy; Corporate Finance; Manufacturing Industry; Apparel and Accessories Industry; Sports Industry; Colorado
Kester, W. Carl, and Wei Wang. "Polar Sports, Inc." Harvard Business School Brief Case 913-513, August 2012.
- 2024
- Article
Political Polarization and Finance
By: Elisabeth Kempf and Margarita Tsoutsoura
We review an empirical literature that studies how political polarization affects financial decisions. We first discuss the degree of partisan segregation in finance and corporate America, the mechanisms through which partisanship may influence financial decisions, and... View Details
Kempf, Elisabeth, and Margarita Tsoutsoura. "Political Polarization and Finance." Annual Review of Financial Economics 16 (2024): 413–434.
- September 2021
- Teaching Note
Reforming the U.S. Immigration Regime: A Polarizing Issue in a Polarized Era
By: Marco Tabellini
- 01 Oct 2024
- Research & Ideas
How Politics Drives Business Decisions in a Polarized Nation
Political polarization has seeped so deeply into US society that it shapes who Americans befriend, date, and marry, where they live, raise their families, and retire—and how they run their businesses. A recent paper illustrates how the... View Details
Keywords: by Jay Fitzgerald
- April 2021 (Revised August 2021)
- Case
Reforming the U.S. Immigration Regime: A Polarizing Issue in a Polarized Era
By: Marco Tabellini
Tabellini, Marco. "Reforming the U.S. Immigration Regime: A Polarizing Issue in a Polarized Era." Harvard Business School Case 721-022, April 2021. (Revised August 2021.)
- 2023
- Working Paper
Polarizing Corporations: Does Talent Flow to "Good" Firms?
By: Emanuele Colonnelli, Tim McQuade, Gabriel Ramos, Thomas Rauter and Olivia Xiong
We conduct a field experiment in partnership with the largest job platform in Brazil to study how environmental, social, and governance (ESG) practices
of firms affect talent allocation. We find both an average job-seeker’s preference for ESG and a large degree of... View Details
Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Job Search; Talent and Talent Management; Wages; Attitudes
Colonnelli, Emanuele, Tim McQuade, Gabriel Ramos, Thomas Rauter, and Olivia Xiong. Polarizing Corporations: Does Talent Flow to "Good" Firms? Working Paper, November 2023.
- 2021
- Working Paper
Does Social Media Cause Polarization? Evidence from Access to Twitter Echo Chambers during the 2019 Argentine Presidential Debate
By: Rafael Di Tella, Ramiro H. Gálvez and Ernesto Schargrodsky
We study how two groups, those inside vs. those outside echo chambers, react to a political event when we vary social media status (Twitter). Our treatments mimic two strategies often suggested as a way to limit polarization on social media: they expose people to... View Details
Keywords: Political Polarization; Political Elections; Internet and the Web; Attitudes; Social Media; Argentina
Di Tella, Rafael, Ramiro H. Gálvez, and Ernesto Schargrodsky. "Does Social Media Cause Polarization? Evidence from Access to Twitter Echo Chambers during the 2019 Argentine Presidential Debate." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 29458, November 2021.
- August 2012
- Supplement
Polar Sports, Inc., Spreadsheet for Instructors (Brief Case)
By: W. Carl Kester and Wei Wang
- August 2012
- Supplement
Polar Sports, Inc., Spreadsheet for Students (Brief Case)
By: W. Carl Kester and Wei Wang
- January 1984
- Article
Stability and Polarization of Interests in Job Matching
By: A. E. Roth
Keywords: Employment
Roth, A. E. "Stability and Polarization of Interests in Job Matching." Econometrica 52, no. 1 (January 1984): 47–57.
- 2019
- Article
Structural Balance Emerges and Explains Performance in Risky Decision-Making
By: Omid Askarisichani, Jacqueline N. Lane, Francesco Bullo, Noah E. Friedkin, Ambuj K. Singh and Brian Uzzi
Polarization affects many forms of social organization. A key issue focuses on which affective relationships are prone to change and how their change relates to performance. In this study,
we analyze a financial institutional over a two-year period that employed 66... View Details
Keywords: Polarization; Structural Balance; Performance; Groups and Teams; Risk and Uncertainty; Decision Making
Askarisichani, Omid, Jacqueline N. Lane, Francesco Bullo, Noah E. Friedkin, Ambuj K. Singh, and Brian Uzzi. "Structural Balance Emerges and Explains Performance in Risky Decision-Making." Art. 2648. Nature Communications 10 (2019): 1–10.
- June 1995 (Revised June 1996)
- Case
White Nights and Polar Lights: Investing in the Russian Oil Industry
By: Debora L. Spar
In the latter half of the 1980s, the collapse of the Soviet empire created an unprecedented opportunity for Western businesses. Among those most attracted were the oil firms, who rushed to investigate Russia's vast petroleum reserves. But, as they soon discovered,... View Details
Keywords: Risk and Uncertainty; Market Entry and Exit; Foreign Direct Investment; Energy Sources; Energy Industry; Russia
Spar, Debora L., William W. Jarosz, and Julia Kou. "White Nights and Polar Lights: Investing in the Russian Oil Industry." Harvard Business School Case 795-022, June 1995. (Revised June 1996.)
- 2021
- Working Paper
CEO Activism, Consumer Polarization, and Firm Performance
By: Young Hou and Christopher W. Poliquin
CEOs are increasingly engaging in activism on controversial social and political issues that do not directly affect their businesses. Simultaneously, the general public is increasingly polarized. We examine how CEO support for gun control after two mass shootings... View Details
Keywords: CEO Activism; Guns; Polarization; Non-market Strategy; Social Issues; Leadership; Consumer Behavior; Performance
Hou, Young, and Christopher W. Poliquin. "CEO Activism, Consumer Polarization, and Firm Performance." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-106, February 2021.
- 2022
- Case
Polarizing Government Work: McKinsey & Co. and Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE)
By: Andrew J. Hoffman
When Donald Trump announced his run for president in 2015, he placed immigration front and center in his campaign. He promised to drastically expand U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE), end Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA), and build a border... View Details
Hoffman, Andrew J. "Polarizing Government Work: McKinsey & Co. and Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE)." William Davidson Institute Case 3-951-926, 2022.
- February 2011
- Article
Blind Ethics: Closing One's Eyes Polarizes Moral Judgments and Discourages Dishonest Behavior
By: E. M. Caruso and F. Gino
Caruso, E. M., and F. Gino. "Blind Ethics: Closing One's Eyes Polarizes Moral Judgments and Discourages Dishonest Behavior." Cognition 118, no. 2 (February 2011): 280–285.