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- All HBS Web
(1,043)
- People (1)
- News (237)
- Research (559)
- Events (1)
- Multimedia (3)
- Faculty Publications (188)
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- October 1978 (Revised August 1985)
- Background Note
Product Life Cycle
Introduces the student to the concept of the product life cycle. The meaning and fundamental underpinnings of the product life cycle are presented. Further, the nature of market and competitive forces at different stages in the life cycle, and the implications for... View Details
Keywords: Product
Capon, Noel. "Product Life Cycle." Harvard Business School Background Note 579-072, October 1978. (Revised August 1985.)
- November 2023 (Revised August 2024)
- Background Note
Life Cycle Assessment: An Overview
By: Willy C. Shih, Michael W. Toffel and Kelsey Carter
Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a holistic approach to quantifying the environmental impacts—including resources consumed and wastes produced—associated with the entire life cycle of a product, from the production or extraction of the raw materials used in its creation,... View Details
Keywords: Life-cycle; Environmental Performance; Design; Environmental Management; Environmental Sustainability; Climate Change; Measurement and Metrics; Standards; Accounting; Environmental Accounting
Shih, Willy C., Michael W. Toffel, and Kelsey Carter. "Life Cycle Assessment: An Overview." Harvard Business School Background Note 624-052, November 2023. (Revised August 2024.)
- 2023
- Working Paper
Organizational Responses to Product Cycles
By: Achyuta Adhvaryu, Vittorio Bassi, Anant Nyshadham, Jorge Tamayo and Nicolas Torres
Product cycles entail the mass production of new—and often increasingly complex—products on a regular basis. How do firms manage these changes? We use granular daily data from a leading automobile manufacturer to study the organizational impacts of introducing new... View Details
Keywords: Training; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Knowledge Management; Production; Product; Organizational Structure; Auto Industry; Argentina
Adhvaryu, Achyuta, Vittorio Bassi, Anant Nyshadham, Jorge Tamayo, and Nicolas Torres. "Organizational Responses to Product Cycles." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 23-061, March 2023. (Revise & Resubmit Journal of Political Economy.)
- 1972
- Book
A Product Life Cycle for International Trade?
By: L. T. Wells Jr.
Wells, L. T., Jr., ed. A Product Life Cycle for International Trade? Boston: Harvard Business School, Division of Research, 1972.
- 1998
- Journal Article
Ford's Model-T: Pricing over the Product Life Cycle
The pricing decisions monopolistic firms make over time are determined to a large extent by the complex interplay of two distinct sets of elements: demand- and supply-based considerations. Demand factors include the possibilities of (a) exercising dynamic price... View Details
Keywords: Experience and Expertise; Decisions; Forecasting and Prediction; Cost; Price; Information; Demand and Consumers; Monopoly; Product; Sales; Complexity; Auto Industry
Casadesus-Masanell, Ramon. "Ford's Model-T: Pricing over the Product Life Cycle." Abante: Estudios en dirección de empresas 1, no. 2 (1998): 143–65.
- May 1976 (Revised January 1985)
- Background Note
Life Cycle Analysis for Manufacturing Planning
Abernathy, William. "Life Cycle Analysis for Manufacturing Planning." Harvard Business School Background Note 676-170, May 1976. (Revised January 1985.)
- 2018
- Working Paper
Quantile Forecasts of Product Life Cycles Using Exponential Smoothing.
By: Xiaojia Guo, Kenneth C. Lichtendahl Jr. and Yael Grushka-Cockayne
We introduce an exponential smoothing model that a manager can use to forecast the demand of a new product or service. The model has five features that make it suitable for accurately forecasting product life cycles at scale. First, the trend in our model follows the... View Details
Keywords: New Product Development; Demand Forecasting; Product Adoption; Innovation Diffusion; Product Development; Demand and Consumers; Forecasting and Prediction; Adoption
Guo, Xiaojia, Kenneth C. Lichtendahl Jr., and Yael Grushka-Cockayne. "Quantile Forecasts of Product Life Cycles Using Exponential Smoothing." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 19-038, October 2018. (Darden Business School Working Paper, No. 2805244, July 2016.)
- July 1974
- Article
International Trade: The Product Life Cycle Approach
By: Louis T Wells Jr
Wells, Louis T., Jr. "International Trade: The Product Life Cycle Approach." Ritsumeikan keieigaku [Ritsumeikan Business Review] 13, no. 2 (July 1974). (in Japanese.)
- 17 Oct 2018
- Working Paper Summaries
Quantile Forecasts of Product Life Cycles Using Exponential Smoothing
- May 2005
- Article
Break Free from the Product Life Cycle
By: Youngme Moon
Moon, Youngme. "Break Free from the Product Life Cycle." Harvard Business Review 83, no. 5 (May 2005).
- 1997
- Chapter
The Politicization of Organizational Life
By: R. M. Kanter
Kanter, R. M. "The Politicization of Organizational Life." In Organization Development Classics: The Practice and Theory of Change, edited by D. F. Van Eynde, J. C. Hoy, and C. D. VanEynde. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1997.
- 1980
- Article
The Politicization of Organizational Life
By: R. M. Kanter
Keywords: Organizations
Kanter, R. M. "The Politicization of Organizational Life." OD Practitioner (1980). (Reprinted in Organization Development Classics, edited by D. Van Eynde, J. Hoy, et al. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1997.)
- 1997
- Book
Generation to Generation: Life Cycles of the Family Business
By: K. Gersick, J. A. Davis, M. M. Hampton and I. Lansberg
Gersick, K., J. A. Davis, M. M. Hampton, and I. Lansberg. Generation to Generation: Life Cycles of the Family Business. Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 1997.
- 1998
- Chapter
Resource Configurations Over the Life Cycle of Ventures
By: M. M. Hart, C. Brush and P. Greene
- Article
Organization Design and Effectiveness over the Innovation Life Cycle
By: George Westerman, F. Warren McFarlan and Marco Iansiti
Westerman, George, F. Warren McFarlan, and Marco Iansiti. "Organization Design and Effectiveness over the Innovation Life Cycle." Organization Science 17, no. 2 (March–April 2006): 230–238.
- Article
The Product Life Cycle in the Commercial Mainframe Computer Market, 1968-1982
By: Shane Greenstein and James B. Wade
Greenstein, Shane, and James B. Wade. "The Product Life Cycle in the Commercial Mainframe Computer Market, 1968-1982." RAND Journal of Economics 29, no. 4 (Winter 1998): 772–789.
- August 1994 (Revised May 1997)
- Case
Olympus Optical Company, Ltd. (A): Cost Management for Short Life Cycle Products
Explores Olympus Optical's strategic response to major losses in its camera business. Key to Olympus's recovery were its extensive product planning process, a quality improvement program, and an aggressive cost-reduction program. In particular, the case details... View Details
Keywords: Cost Management; Product Design; Business Strategy; Product Development; Consumer Products Industry
Cooper, Robin. "Olympus Optical Company, Ltd. (A): Cost Management for Short Life Cycle Products." Harvard Business School Case 195-072, August 1994. (Revised May 1997.)