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      • February 2025
      • Article

      Deep Responsibility, SDGs, and Asia: A Historical Perspective

      By: Geoffrey Jones
      Although it was only in 2015 the 17 SDGs were adopted by UN Member States, many of the underlying ideas can be found in the strategies of some businesses going back to the nineteenth century. Asia was the home of many of the most advanced concepts of business... View Details
      Keywords: ESG; Multinational Corporation; Sustainability; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Multinational Firms and Management; Corporate Governance; Leadership; Asia
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      Jones, Geoffrey. "Deep Responsibility, SDGs, and Asia: A Historical Perspective." Asian Business & Management 24, no. 1 (February 2025): 25–32.
      • January–March 2025
      • Article

      Transitioning from Responsible and Reactive to Deeply Responsible and Proactive International Business

      By: Geoffrey G. Jones, Teresa da Silva Lopes, Pavida Pananond, Rob van Tulder, Noemi Sinkovics and Rudolf R. Sinkovics
      This article aims to explore the role of multinational enterprises in addressing grand societal challenges, emphasizing the need for integrating environmental and social aspects into business models. It offers an analysis of how principles and values can guide engaged... View Details
      Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Business Model; Multinational Firms and Management
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      Jones, Geoffrey G., Teresa da Silva Lopes, Pavida Pananond, Rob van Tulder, Noemi Sinkovics, and Rudolf R. Sinkovics. "Transitioning from Responsible and Reactive to Deeply Responsible and Proactive International Business." Critical Perspectives on International Business 21, no. 2 (January–March 2025): 196–225.
      • January 2025 (Revised April 2025)
      • Case

      Mercado Libre: The Best Is Yet to Come

      By: Krishna G. Palepu, Fernando Fragueiro, Carla Larangeira and Mariana Cal
      In 2024, Marcos Galperín, CEO and co-founder of Mercado Libre, reflected on its 25-year rise as Latin America’s largest marketplace, fintech leader, and most valuable public company. With operations spanning 18 countries and a robust ecosystem combining e-commerce,... View Details
      Keywords: Entrepreneurship; Multinational Firms and Management; Recruitment; Compensation and Benefits; Innovation Leadership; Innovation Strategy; Leadership Style; Business or Company Management; Management Practices and Processes; Management Succession; E-commerce; Emerging Markets; Distribution; Logistics; Organizational Culture; Organizational Design; Business Strategy; Competition; Growth and Development Strategy; Corporate Strategy; Technology Industry; Financial Services Industry; Retail Industry; Latin America; Mexico; Brazil; Argentina
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      Palepu, Krishna G., Fernando Fragueiro, Carla Larangeira, and Mariana Cal. "Mercado Libre: The Best Is Yet to Come." Harvard Business School Case 325-065, January 2025. (Revised April 2025.)
      • September–October 2024
      • Article

      Working Around the Clock: Temporal Distance, Intrafirm Communication, and Time Shifting of the Employee Workday

      By: Jasmina Chauvin, Prithwiraj Choudhury and Tommy Pan Fang
      This paper examines the effects of temporal distance generated by time zone separation on communication in geographically distributed organizations. We build on prior research, which highlights time zone separation as a significant challenge, but argue that employees... View Details
      Keywords: Communication; Employees; Behavior; Equality and Inequality
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      Chauvin, Jasmina, Prithwiraj Choudhury, and Tommy Pan Fang. "Working Around the Clock: Temporal Distance, Intrafirm Communication, and Time Shifting of the Employee Workday." Organization Science 35, no. 5 (September–October 2024): 1660–1681.
      • June 2024 (Revised December 2024)
      • Case

      Climate Governance at Linde plc (A)

      By: Lynn S. Paine, Suraj Srinivasan, Emilie Billaud and Vincent Dessain
      In July 2023, the Linde plc board of directors' sustainability committee convened in London to review the company's environmental performance, with a focus on decarbonization and clean energy. Linde was the world's largest industrial gas supplier, with a workforce of... View Details
      Keywords: Climate Change; Environmental Sustainability; Green Technology; Multinational Firms and Management; Corporate Accountability; Corporate Disclosure; Corporate Governance; Governing and Advisory Boards; Compensation and Benefits; Innovation Strategy; Leading Change; Goals and Objectives; Business and Shareholder Relations; Chemical Industry; United States; Germany; Europe; North America; London
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      Paine, Lynn S., Suraj Srinivasan, Emilie Billaud, and Vincent Dessain. "Climate Governance at Linde plc (A)." Harvard Business School Case 324-140, June 2024. (Revised December 2024.)
      • June 2024
      • Supplement

      Climate Governance at Linde plc (B)

      By: Lynn S. Paine, Suraj Srinivasan, Emilie Billaud and Vincent Dessain
      In July 2023, the Linde plc board of directors' sustainability committee convened in London to review the company's environmental performance, with a focus on decarbonization and clean energy. Linde was the world's largest industrial gas supplier, with a workforce of... View Details
      Keywords: Climate Change; Environmental Sustainability; Green Technology; Multinational Firms and Management; Corporate Accountability; Corporate Disclosure; Corporate Governance; Governing and Advisory Boards; Compensation and Benefits; Innovation Strategy; Leading Change; Goals and Objectives; Business and Shareholder Relations; Chemical Industry; Energy Industry; United States; Germany; Europe; North America; London
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      Paine, Lynn S., Suraj Srinivasan, Emilie Billaud, and Vincent Dessain. "Climate Governance at Linde plc (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 324-141, June 2024.
      • June 2024
      • Case

      Building Innovation at VINCI

      By: Dennis Campbell, Aluna Wang and Carlota Moniz
      This case study explores how the VINCI Group, a French multinational operating in concessions, energy, and construction, bolstered awareness and adoption rates of new technologies within the organization. Through its separate innovation hub, Leonard, VINCI aimed to... View Details
      Keywords: Business Model; Business Organization; Decisions; Business Earnings; Business Strategy; Competition; Energy; Corporate Entrepreneurship; Values and Beliefs; Global Range; Global Strategy; Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues; Multinational Firms and Management; Globalized Markets and Industries; Corporate Accountability; Collaborative Innovation and Invention; Disruptive Innovation; Innovation and Management; Innovation Strategy; Technological Innovation; Knowledge Sharing; Organizational Culture; Technology Adoption; Innovation Leadership; Organizational Structure; Construction Industry; Energy Industry; Technology Industry; France; Europe
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      Campbell, Dennis, Aluna Wang, and Carlota Moniz. "Building Innovation at VINCI." Harvard Business School Case 124-092, June 2024.
      • January 2024 (Revised May 2024)
      • Case

      Generation Investment Management: Sustainable Investing in a Warming World

      By: Vikram S. Gandhi, Michael Norris and David Allen
      In September 2021, the sustainable investment firm Generation Investment Management (Generation) considered whether to add Schneider Electric to the focus list of companies in which it was prepared to invest. Dedicated to promoting a sustainable world through its... View Details
      Keywords: Sustainable Investing; Climate Change; Environmental Sustainability; Governance; Private Equity; Public Equity; Financial Markets; Investment Return; Investment Activism; Investment Funds; Investment Portfolio; Institutional Investing; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Financial Services Industry; United Kingdom; England; London
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      Gandhi, Vikram S., Michael Norris, and David Allen. "Generation Investment Management: Sustainable Investing in a Warming World." Harvard Business School Case 324-043, January 2024. (Revised May 2024.)
      • January 2024 (Revised January 2025)
      • Case

      Huawei: Resilience amid Autarky and Adversity

      By: William C. Kirby and Daniel Fu
      In September 2023, Huawei made a dramatic return to the global smartphone space with the launch of its Mate 60 Pro smartphone, equipped with an indigenously designed, 7nm chip. This came despite a myriad of export controls and restrictions imposed against the company... View Details
      Keywords: International Strategy; Semiconductors; Smartphone; Government And Politics; Government And Business; Digital Infrastructure; 5G; Political Risk; Business and Government Relations; Global Strategy; Multinational Firms and Management; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; AI and Machine Learning; Mobile and Wireless Technology; Leadership; Retirement; Corporate Strategy; Technology Industry; China; United States; Europe; Asia; Middle East
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      Kirby, William C., and Daniel Fu. "Huawei: Resilience amid Autarky and Adversity." Harvard Business School Case 324-069, January 2024. (Revised January 2025.)
      • January 2024
      • Technical Note

      The ICARUS Principles: What It Takes to Tackle the World

      By: Debora L. Spar and Julia M. Comeau
      Over the course of the 20th century, most of the world’s major multinational corporations framed their mission around Milton Friedman’s famous mantra: that the sole purpose of the firm is to maximize its shareholders’ profits. Recently, however, growing numbers of... View Details
      Keywords: Purpose; Mission; Social Business; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Mission and Purpose; Social Enterprise; For-Profit Firms
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      Spar, Debora L., and Julia M. Comeau. "The ICARUS Principles: What It Takes to Tackle the World." Harvard Business School Technical Note 324-055, January 2024.
      • March 2023
      • Teaching Note

      Hikma Pharmaceuticals Governance Journey

      By: Suraj Srinivasan and Jonah Goldberg
      Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 318108. The case opens with Said Darwazah, chairman and CEO of Hikma Pharmaceuticals, the multinational generics company, anticipating the company’s 2017 AGM and reflecting on changes made over the previous year to address concerns... View Details
      Keywords: Jordan; Emerging Market; Private Sector; For-profit Firms; Boards Of Directors; Pharmaceuticals; Remuneration; Shareholder Engagement; Corporate Governance; Governing and Advisory Boards; Business and Shareholder Relations; Executive Compensation; Business Growth and Maturation; Pharmaceutical Industry; Jordan
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      Srinivasan, Suraj, and Jonah Goldberg. "Hikma Pharmaceuticals Governance Journey." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 123-078, March 2023.
      • November, 2022
      • Article

      Role of Context in Knowledge Flows: Host Country versus Headquarters as Sources of MNC Subsidiary Knowledge Inheritance

      By: Mike Horia Teodorescu, Prithwiraj Choudhury and Tarun Khanna
      We respond to calls in the strategy and international business literature for elucidating how multinational subsidiaries develop contextual intelligence in host countries and how they use the local context as a source of valuable opportunities for learning. Applying... View Details
      Keywords: MNCs; Knowledge Flows; Innovation; Gravity Model; Absorptive Capacity; Multinational Firms and Management; Business Subsidiaries; Knowledge Management; Business Headquarters; Innovation and Invention
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      Teodorescu, Mike Horia, Prithwiraj Choudhury, and Tarun Khanna. "Role of Context in Knowledge Flows: Host Country versus Headquarters as Sources of MNC Subsidiary Knowledge Inheritance." Special Issue on Decade Celebration Special Issue II. Global Strategy Journal 12, no. 4 (November, 2022): 658–678.
      • October 2022 (Revised September 2024)
      • Case

      mPharma: Scaling Access to Affordable Primary Care in Africa

      By: Regina E. Herzlinger and Ben Creo
      mPharma hopes to scale up to create the largest pan-African healthcare company ever to provide much-needed primary care in retail pharmacies; a reliable, fairly priced supply of drugs; and micro-insurance for drugs. They must prioritize launching a telemedicine... View Details
      Keywords: Africa; Pharmaceutical Companies; Pharmacy Benefit Manager; Health Care; Health Care And Treatment; Health Care Costs; Health Care Delivery; Health Care Entrepreneurship; Telehealth; Health Equity; Corporate Strategy; Social Entrepreneurship; Equity; Growth and Development Strategy; Expansion; Product Launch; Customer Value and Value Chain; Social Enterprise; Multinational Firms and Management; Pharmaceutical Industry; Health Industry; Africa
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      Herzlinger, Regina E., and Ben Creo. "mPharma: Scaling Access to Affordable Primary Care in Africa." Harvard Business School Case 323-033, October 2022. (Revised September 2024.)
      • September 2022 (Revised November 2022)
      • Case

      The Uyghur Forced Labor Prevention Act: Trade and Genocide in U.S.-China Relations

      By: Jeremy Friedman and David Lane
      On June 21, 2022, the Uyghur Forced Labor Prevention Act (UFLPA) went into effect, requiring companies to prove that goods imported from the People’s Republic of China were not made with forced labor. The bill was a reaction to reports of products being made with... View Details
      Keywords: Ethics; Multinational Firms and Management; Globalized Markets and Industries; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Policy; Government Legislation; International Relations; Labor; Wages; Law Enforcement; Law; Rights; Operations; Supply Chain Management; Business and Government Relations; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; Manufacturing Industry; Mining Industry; China; United States
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      Friedman, Jeremy, and David Lane. "The Uyghur Forced Labor Prevention Act: Trade and Genocide in U.S.-China Relations." Harvard Business School Case 723-001, September 2022. (Revised November 2022.)
      • March 2022 (Revised April 2022)
      • Case

      In Search of Global Regulation

      By: Geoffrey Jones and Mona Rahmani
      The history of the international regulation of global capitalism is surveyed, addressing the challenges facing firms confronting international, national, and regional regulation. Follows the history of global regulation after 1914, from the League of Nations;... View Details
      Keywords: History; Multinational Firms and Management; International Relations; Laws and Statutes; Corporate Governance; Business and Government Relations
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      Jones, Geoffrey, and Mona Rahmani. "In Search of Global Regulation." Harvard Business School Case 822-122, March 2022. (Revised April 2022.)
      • 2022
      • Chapter

      Crises and International Business

      By: Geoffrey Jones
      This chapter uses the intellectual journey of the author to suggest that crises have been the norm rather than the exception in the history of international business. Over the last 100 years world wars, regional conflicts, the Great Depression, and decolonization are... View Details
      Keywords: Crisis; Multinational Companies; International Business; Emerging Market; Business History; Multinational Firms and Management; System Shocks; War; Emerging Markets; Crisis Management
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      Jones, Geoffrey. "Crises and International Business." Chap. 2 in International Business in Times of Crisis. Vol. 16, edited by Rob van Tulder, Alain Verbeke, Lucia Piscitello, and Jonas Puck, 27–32. Progress in International Business Research. Bingley, UK: Emerald Publishing Limited, 2022.
      • 2022
      • Working Paper

      Talent Flows and the Geography of Knowledge Production: Causal Evidence from Multinational Firms

      By: Dany Bahar, Prithwiraj Choudhury, Sara Signorelli and James M. Sappenfield
      Leveraging a unique dataset merging patent data with all work-related migration reforms that took place in 15 countries over 26 years, we show that reforms discouraging inventor mobility decrease the patenting of MNE subsidiaries within a country, while reforms... View Details
      Keywords: Migration; Technology; Policy Evaluation; Patents; Information Technology; Immigration; Policy; Collaborative Innovation and Invention; Globalization
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      Bahar, Dany, Prithwiraj Choudhury, Sara Signorelli, and James M. Sappenfield. "Talent Flows and the Geography of Knowledge Production: Causal Evidence from Multinational Firms." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 22-047, January 2022. (Revised December 2022.)
      • January 2022
      • Case

      Walmart Goes Global (A)

      By: Juan Alcácer
      Keywords: Multinational Firms and Management; Success; Globalized Markets and Industries; Expansion; Market Entry and Exit; Failure; Retail Industry; Germany; China; Argentina; South Korea; Canada; Japan; Brazil; Africa; United Kingdom; United States; Mexico
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      Alcácer, Juan. "Walmart Goes Global (A)." Harvard Business School Case 722-385, January 2022.
      • September 2021 (Revised March 2024)
      • Case

      Bühler: Mobilizing Industry around a Common Purpose

      By: Ranjay Gulati, Franz Wohlgezogen and Malini Sen
      Bühler Group, a Swiss multinational processing technology provider, started by selling machines for processing grains and later transitioned into selling food processing solutions. A family-owned business in the fifth generation, Bühler’s high-end milling, grinding,... View Details
      Keywords: Family Business; Customer Focus and Relationships; Machinery and Machining; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Mission and Purpose; Innovation Leadership; Switzerland
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      Gulati, Ranjay, Franz Wohlgezogen, and Malini Sen. "Bühler: Mobilizing Industry around a Common Purpose." Harvard Business School Case 822-001, September 2021. (Revised March 2024.)
      • August 2021 (Revised March 2024)
      • Case

      Danaher Corporation (Abridged)

      By: Bharat Anand, David J. Collis and Sophie Hood
      Between 1985 and 2007, Danaher has been one of the best-performing industrial conglomerates in the U.S. This case examines the corporate strategy of this diversified, global corporation. It describes the firm's portfolio strategy and the Danaher Business System—a... View Details
      Keywords: Business Conglomerates; Global Strategy; Multinational Firms and Management; Growth and Development Strategy; Corporate Strategy; Value Creation; Mergers and Acquisitions; Competitive Strategy
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      Anand, Bharat, David J. Collis, and Sophie Hood. "Danaher Corporation (Abridged)." Harvard Business School Case 722-370, August 2021. (Revised March 2024.)
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