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- November 2015
- Article
Modularity and Intellectual Property Protection
By: Carliss Y. Baldwin and Joachim Henkel
Modularity is a means of partitioning technical knowledge about a product or process. When state-sanctioned intellectual property (IP) rights are ineffective or costly to enforce, modularity can be used to hide information and thus protect IP. We investigate the impact... View Details
Baldwin, Carliss Y., and Joachim Henkel. "Modularity and Intellectual Property Protection." Strategic Management Journal 36, no. 11 (November 2015): 1637–1655.
- 2014
- Working Paper
Modularity and Intellectual Property Protection
By: Carliss Y. Baldwin and Joachim Henkel
Modularity is a means of partitioning technical knowledge about a product or process. When state-sanctioned intellectual property (IP) rights are ineffective or costly to enforce, modularity can be used to hide information and thus protect IP. We investigate the impact... View Details
Keywords: Modularity; Value Appropriation; Relational Contracts; Clans; Rights; Complexity; Intellectual Property
Baldwin, Carliss Y., and Joachim Henkel. "Modularity and Intellectual Property Protection." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 14-046, December 2013. (Revised June 2014.)
- 2012
- Working Paper
Modularity and Organizations
Modularity describes the degree to which a complex system can be broken apart into subunits (modules) that can be recombined in various ways. Modularity is important for organizations and the economy because the boundaries of organizational units and corporations are... View Details
- 2015
- Chapter
Modularity and Organizations
Modularity describes the degree to which a complex system can be broken apart into subunits (modules) that can be recombined in various ways. Modularity is important for organizations and the economy because the boundaries of organizational units and corporations are... View Details
Baldwin, Carliss Y. "Modularity and Organizations." In International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences. 2nd ed. Edited by James D. Wright, 718–723. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2015.
- 17 Jan 2008
- Working Paper Summaries
Competition in Modular Clusters
- 2007
- Working Paper
Competition in Modular Clusters
By: Carliss Y. Baldwin and C. Jason Woodard
The last twenty years have witnessed the rise of disaggregated "clusters," "networks," or "ecosystems" of firms. In these clusters the activities of R&D, product design, production, distribution, and system integration may be split up among hundreds or even thousands... View Details
Keywords: Price; Profit; Digital Platforms; Industry Clusters; Competition; Horizontal Integration; Vertical Integration
Baldwin, Carliss Y., and C. Jason Woodard. "Competition in Modular Clusters." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 08-042, December 2007.
- 30 Jan 2014
- Working Paper Summaries
Modularity and Intellectual Property Protection
Keywords: by Carliss Y. Baldwin & Joachim Henkel
- 11 May 2012 - 12 May 2012
- Conference Presentation
Patents and Modularity
- October 2014 (Revised June 2016)
- Case
NuScale Power—the Future of Small Modular Reactors
By: Richard Vietor
NuScale Power, an entrepreneurial venture in Portland, Oregon, has designed the leading modular nuclear reactor in the United States. This Reactor will be the safest and simplest ever built. Started in 2007 as an entrepreneurial venture, the company is now two years... View Details
Keywords: Nuclear; Power; Technology; Risk; Energy; Information Technology; Entrepreneurship; Risk and Uncertainty; Energy Industry
Vietor, Richard. "NuScale Power—the Future of Small Modular Reactors." Harvard Business School Case 715-004, October 2014. (Revised June 2016.)
- 2019
- Working Paper
Design Rules, Volume 2: How Technology Shapes Organizations: Chapter 13 Platform Systems vs. Step Processes—The Value of Options and the Power of Modularity
This is the first chapter in Part 3. Its purpose is to contrast the value structure of platform systems with step processes from a technological perspective. I first review the basic technical architecture of computers and argue that every computer is inherently a... View Details
Keywords: Platform Systems; Step Processes; Computer Architecture; Modularity; Information Technology; Digital Platforms
Baldwin, Carliss Y. "Design Rules, Volume 2: How Technology Shapes Organizations: Chapter 13 Platform Systems vs. Step Processes—The Value of Options and the Power of Modularity." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 19-073, January 2019.
- Research Summary
Distributed Innovation in Open Systems—The Role of Modularity
Distributed innovation in open systems is an important trend in the modern global economy. As education levels rise and communication costs fall, more people have the means and motivation to innovate. Supply chains now stretch around the world as firms outsource... View Details
- 1 Aug 2010
- Conference Presentation
Real Options and Modularity
- 2001
- Working Paper
Modularity after the Crash
By: Carliss Y. Baldwin and Kim Clark
Baldwin, Carliss Y., and Kim Clark. "Modularity after the Crash." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 01-075, May 2001.
- September 2001
- Article
The Dangers of Modularity
Fleming, Lee, and Olav Sorenson. "The Dangers of Modularity." Harvard Business Review 79, no. 8 (September 2001): 20–21.
- 2012
- Working Paper
The Impact of Modularity on Intellectual Property and Value Appropriation
By: Carliss Y. Baldwin and Joachim Henkel
Modularity is a means of partitioning technical knowledge about a product or process. When state-sanctioned intellectual property rights are ineffective or costly to enforce, modularity can be used to hide information and thus protect intellectual property (IP). We... View Details
Baldwin, Carliss Y., and Joachim Henkel. "The Impact of Modularity on Intellectual Property and Value Appropriation." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 12-040, December 2011. (Revised November 2012.)
- October 2011 (Revised July 2012)
- Background Note
Modularity in Design and Manufacturing: Application to Commercial Aircraft
By: Willy Shih and Margaret Pierson
The note discusses the modularization of design, and the modularization of manufacturing in the commercial aerospace industry. It is intended to be taught with the case, "Boeing 737 Industrial Footprint: The Wichita Decision," HBS No. 612-036. View Details
Shih, Willy, and Margaret Pierson. "Modularity in Design and Manufacturing: Application to Commercial Aircraft." Harvard Business School Background Note 612-035, October 2011. (Revised July 2012.)
- September–October 1997
- Article
Managing in an Age of Modularity
By: C. Y. Baldwin and K. B. Clark
Keywords: Management
Baldwin, C. Y., and K. B. Clark. "Managing in an Age of Modularity." Harvard Business Review 75, no. 5 (September–October 1997): 84–93.