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Publications

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    • All HBS Web  (1,701)
      • Faculty Publications  (277)

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      • October 2025
      • Article

      Measurement and Effects of Bank Exit Policies

      By: Daniel Green and Boris Vallée
      We study whether exit policies by financial institutions have financial and real consequences on the firms they target, using bank coal exit policies as a laboratory. In contrast to theories assuming high capital substitutability, we find large effects of these... View Details
      Keywords: Coal Power; Financing and Loans; Banks and Banking; Policy; Energy Industry
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      Green, Daniel, and Boris Vallée. "Measurement and Effects of Bank Exit Policies." Journal of Financial Economics 172 (October 2025).
      • September 2025
      • Article

      Using Satellites and Phones to Evaluate and Promote Agricultural Technology Adoption: Evidence from Smallholder Farms in India

      By: Shawn Cole, Tomoko Harigaya, Grady Killeen and Aparna Krishna
      This paper evaluates a low-cost, customized soil nutrient management advisory service in India. As a methodological contribution, we examine whether and in which settings satellite measurements may be effective at estimating both agricultural yields and treatment... View Details
      Keywords: Measurement and Metrics; Mathematical Methods; Analytics and Data Science; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; India
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      Cole, Shawn, Tomoko Harigaya, Grady Killeen, and Aparna Krishna. "Using Satellites and Phones to Evaluate and Promote Agricultural Technology Adoption: Evidence from Smallholder Farms in India." Journal of Development Economics 176 (September 2025).
      • Article

      Faith and Assimilation: Italian Immigrants in the U.S.

      By: Stefano Gagliarducci and Marco Tabellini
      How do ethnic religious organizations influence immigrant assimilation? To answer this question, we assemble novel data from the Catholic directories to measure the presence of Italian Catholic churches in the US between 1890 and 1920, when four million Italians moved... View Details
      Keywords: Assimilation; Religious Organizations; Immigration; Religion; History; United States
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      Gagliarducci, Stefano, and Marco Tabellini. "Faith and Assimilation: Italian Immigrants in the U.S." Economic Journal 135, no. 670 (August 1, 2025): 1814–1851. (Also available from NBER and featured in NBER Digest and VoxEU.)
      • 2025
      • Working Paper

      Where Discovery Happens: Research Institutions and Fundamental Knowledge in the Life-Sciences

      By: Amitabh Chandra and Connie Xu
      Fundamental knowledge in the life sciences has consequential implications for medicine and subsequent medical innovations. Using publications in leading life science journals to measure fundamental knowledge, we document large agglomerations in the institutions where... View Details
      Keywords: Research; Innovation and Invention; Science
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      Chandra, Amitabh, and Connie Xu. "Where Discovery Happens: Research Institutions and Fundamental Knowledge in the Life-Sciences." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 33996, July 2025.
      • May 2025
      • Article

      The Effects of Medical Debt Relief: Evidence from Two Randomized Experiments

      By: Raymond Kluender, Neale Mahoney, Francis Wong and Wesley Yin
      Two in five Americans have medical debt, nearly half of whom owe at least $2,500. Concerned by this burden, governments and private donors have undertaken large, high-profile efforts to relieve medical debt. We partnered with RIP Medical Debt (now Undue Medical Debt)... View Details
      Keywords: Borrowing and Debt; Credit; Outcome or Result; Well-being; Personal Finance
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      Kluender, Raymond, Neale Mahoney, Francis Wong, and Wesley Yin. "The Effects of Medical Debt Relief: Evidence from Two Randomized Experiments." Quarterly Journal of Economics 140, no. 2 (May 2025): 1187–1241.
      • 2025
      • Working Paper

      Private Equity and Workers: Modeling and Measuring Monopsony, Implicit Contracts, and Efficient Reallocation

      By: Kyle Herkenhoff, Josh Lerner, Gordon M. Phillips, Francisca Rebelo and Benjamin Sampson
      We measure the real effects of private equity buyouts on worker outcomes by building a new database that links transactions to matched employer-employee data in the United States. To guide our empirical analysis, we derive testable implications from three theories in... View Details
      Keywords: Monopsony; Market Power; Productivity; Private Equity; Employment; Wages; Employees
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      Herkenhoff, Kyle, Josh Lerner, Gordon M. Phillips, Francisca Rebelo, and Benjamin Sampson. "Private Equity and Workers: Modeling and Measuring Monopsony, Implicit Contracts, and Efficient Reallocation." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 25-046, March 2025. (Revised June 2025.)
      • March 2025
      • Case

      The Changing Climate on Wall Street

      By: Clayton S. Rose, Maxim Pike Harrell and Michael Norris
      Increasing and conflicting regulatory requirements and political pressures regarding climate change tested the leaders of U.S. financial institutions, as they struggled to determine how best to comply while managing their business and its risks.
      In October 2024,... View Details
      Keywords: Competency and Skills; Decision Making; Cost vs Benefits; Ethics; Corporate Accountability; Leadership; Management; Risk Management; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Mission and Purpose; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Organizational Culture; Civil Society or Community; Social Issues; Adaptation; Risk and Uncertainty; Insurance; Climate Change; Change Management; Banking Industry; Financial Services Industry; Insurance Industry; United States; Europe
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      Rose, Clayton S., Maxim Pike Harrell, and Michael Norris. "The Changing Climate on Wall Street." Harvard Business School Case 325-020, March 2025.
      • March 2025
      • Article

      Does Communicating Measurable Diversity Goals Attract or Repel Historically Marginalized Job Applicants? Evidence from the Lab and Field

      By: Erika L. Kirgios, Ike Silver and Edward H. Chang
      Many organizations struggle to attract a demographically diverse workforce. How does adding a measurable goal to a public diversity commitment—for example, “We care about diversity” versus “We care about diversity and plan to hire at least one woman or racial minority... View Details
      Keywords: Selection and Staffing; Recruitment; Diversity; Goals and Objectives; Communication Intention and Meaning; Behavior
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      Kirgios, Erika L., Ike Silver, and Edward H. Chang. "Does Communicating Measurable Diversity Goals Attract or Repel Historically Marginalized Job Applicants? Evidence from the Lab and Field." Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 154, no. 3 (March 2025): 624–643.
      • 2025
      • Working Paper

      Turning Away from the State: Trade Shocks and Informal Insurance in Brazil

      By: Paula Rettl
      How does economic globalization affect vote choices? Conventional wisdom holds that voters who lose from economic integration support parties that propose expanding the welfare state. However, in the Global South, where the state is frequently weak or under-resourced,... View Details
      Keywords: Global Strategy; Globalized Economies and Regions; Governance; Government Administration; Political Elections; Voting; Latin America; Brazil; South America
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      Rettl, Paula. "Turning Away from the State: Trade Shocks and Informal Insurance in Brazil." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 25-038, February 2025.
      • 2025
      • Working Paper

      Using Satellites and Phones to Evaluate and Promote Agricultural Technology Adoption: Evidence from Smallholder Farms in India

      By: Shawn Cole, Grady Killeen, Tomoko Harigaya and Aparna Krishna
      This paper evaluates a low-cost, customized soil nutrient management advisory service in India. As a methodological contribution, we examine whether and in which settings satellite measurements may be effective at estimating both agricultural yields and treatment... View Details
      Keywords: Performance Evaluation; Technology Adoption; Measurement and Metrics; Analytics and Data Science; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; India
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      Cole, Shawn, Grady Killeen, Tomoko Harigaya, and Aparna Krishna. "Using Satellites and Phones to Evaluate and Promote Agricultural Technology Adoption: Evidence from Smallholder Farms in India." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 25-035, January 2025.
      • 2024
      • Working Paper

      The New Digital Divide

      By: Mayana Pereira, Shane Greenstein, Raffaella Sadun, Prasanna Tambe, Lucia Ronchi Darre, Tammy Glazer, Allen Kim, Rahul Dodhia and Juan Lavista Ferres
      We build and analyze new metrics of digital usage that leverage telemetry data collected by Microsoft during operating system updates across forty million Windows devices in U.S. households. These measures of US household digital usage are much more comprehensive than... View Details
      Keywords: Mathematical Methods; Measurement and Metrics; Geographic Location; Behavior; Technology Adoption; Demographics
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      Pereira, Mayana, Shane Greenstein, Raffaella Sadun, Prasanna Tambe, Lucia Ronchi Darre, Tammy Glazer, Allen Kim, Rahul Dodhia, and Juan Lavista Ferres. "The New Digital Divide." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 32932, September 2024.
      • September–October 2024
      • Article

      Where Data-Driven Decision-Making Can Go Wrong

      By: Michael Luca and Amy C. Edmondson
      When considering internal data or the results of a study, often business leaders either take the evidence presented as gospel or dismiss it altogether. Both approaches are misguided. What leaders need to do instead is conduct rigorous discussions that assess any... View Details
      Keywords: Information; Analytics and Data Science; Analysis; Decision Making
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      Luca, Michael, and Amy C. Edmondson. "Where Data-Driven Decision-Making Can Go Wrong." Harvard Business Review 102, no. 5 (September–October 2024): 80–89.
      • 2024
      • Article

      Crucibles, Multiple Sensitive Periods, and Career Progression

      By: Prithwiraj Choudhury, Sunasir Dutta, Hise O. Gibson and Eric Lin
      We study the effects of crucible experiences along multiple sensitive periods on career progression. While prior literature has hinted that individuals can be imprinted during multiple sensitive periods, not just during the early career, there has been scant attention... View Details
      Keywords: Military Service; Personal Development and Career; Transformation; Power and Influence; Learning; Human Capital
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      Choudhury, Prithwiraj, Sunasir Dutta, Hise O. Gibson, and Eric Lin. "Crucibles, Multiple Sensitive Periods, and Career Progression." Academy of Management Proceedings (2024).
      • July 2024
      • Article

      Mass General Brigham’s Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement System: A Decade of Learnings

      By: Jason B. Liu, Robert S. Kaplan, David W. Bates, Mario O. Edelen, Rachel C. Sisodia and Andrea L. Pusic
      This article describes the strategies that leaders at the Mass General Brigham (MGB) health system have used in launching a standardized patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) collection program in 2012, a major step in the value-based transformation of health care.... View Details
      Keywords: Patient-reported Outcomes; Value Based Health Care; Health Care and Treatment; Transformation; Outcome or Result; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Performance Improvement; Health Industry
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      Liu, Jason B., Robert S. Kaplan, David W. Bates, Mario O. Edelen, Rachel C. Sisodia, and Andrea L. Pusic. "Mass General Brigham’s Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement System: A Decade of Learnings." NEJM Catalyst Innovations in Care Delivery 5, no. 7 (July 2024).
      • 2025
      • Working Paper

      Evaluations Amid Measurement Error: Determining the Optimal Timing for Workplace Interventions

      By: Matthew DosSantos DiSorbo, Iavor I. Bojinov and Fiammetta Menchetti
      Researchers have embraced factorial experiments to simultaneously evaluate multiple treatments, each with different levels. Typically, in large-scale factorial experiments, the primary objective is identifying the treatment with the largest causal effect, especially... View Details
      Keywords: Factorial Designs; Fisher Randomizations; Rank Estimators; Employer Interventions; Causal Inference; Mathematical Methods; Performance Improvement
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      DosSantos DiSorbo, Matthew, Iavor I. Bojinov, and Fiammetta Menchetti. "Evaluations Amid Measurement Error: Determining the Optimal Timing for Workplace Interventions." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 24-075, June 2024. (Revised May 2025.)
      • June 2024
      • Article

      Real Growth in Space Manufacturing Output Substantially Exceeds Growth in the Overall Space Economy

      By: Tina Highfill and Matthew Weinzierl
      Accurately measuring real economic output in the space economy is made difficult by the rapid increase in capabilities and decrease in prices of launch and satellite technologies achieved over the past two decades. Nominal measures of output in space will tend to... View Details
      Keywords: Technological Innovation; Economic Growth; Price; Production; Aerospace Industry
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      Highfill, Tina, and Matthew Weinzierl. "Real Growth in Space Manufacturing Output Substantially Exceeds Growth in the Overall Space Economy." Acta Astronautica 219 (June 2024): 236–242.
      • May 2024
      • Case

      LinkedIn Corporation, 2024

      By: David B. Yoffie, George Gonzalez and Emily Grandjean
      By 2024, the LinkedIn profile was well established as the professional identity of record on the Internet. Following a multi-year effort to expand the platform’s user base, as well as a period of rapid growth during the COVID-19 pandemic, LinkedIn’s membership had... View Details
      Keywords: Platform; Business Strategy; Competitive Strategy; Goals and Objectives; Social Media; Network Effects; Growth and Development Strategy; Performance Evaluation; Technology Industry; Employment Industry; Sunnyvale
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      Yoffie, David B., George Gonzalez, and Emily Grandjean. "LinkedIn Corporation, 2024." Harvard Business School Case 724-484, May 2024.
      • 2024
      • Working Paper

      Appropriate Entrepreneurship? The Rise of China and the Developing World

      By: Josh Lerner, Junxi Liu, Jacob Moscona and David Yang
      Global innovation and entrepreneurship has traditionally been dominated by a handful of high-income countries, especially the US. This paper investigates the international consequences of the rise of a new hub for innovation, focusing on the dramatic growth of... View Details
      Keywords: Entrepreneurship; Venture Capital; Emerging Markets; Economic Growth; China
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      Lerner, Josh, Junxi Liu, Jacob Moscona, and David Yang. "Appropriate Entrepreneurship? The Rise of China and the Developing World." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 24-061, March 2024. (Revise and Resubmit, Journal of Political Economy. National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper No. 31898 and European Corporate Governance Institute Working Paper No. 964/2024. Related discussion published as “China’s Rise Reshaped Global Entrepreneurship and Expanded the Benefits of Innovation,” VoxDev, 2024 and “Sharing the Entrepreneurial Wealth,” VoxChina, 2024 and VoxEU, 2024.)
      • March 2024
      • Article

      Do Safety Management System Standards Indicate Safer Operations? Evidence from the OHSAS 18001 Occupational Health and Safety Standard

      By: Kala Viswanathan, Matthew S. Johnson and Michael W. Toffel
      Problem definition: Given the enormous disruptions and costs of occupational injuries, companies and buyers are increasingly looking to voluntary occupational health and safety standards to improve worker safety. Yet because these standards only require... View Details
      Keywords: Occupational Health; Occupational Safety; Program Evaluation; Safety Performance; Injuries; OHSAS 18001; ISO 45001; Working Conditions; Safety; Standards
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      Viswanathan, Kala, Matthew S. Johnson, and Michael W. Toffel. "Do Safety Management System Standards Indicate Safer Operations? Evidence from the OHSAS 18001 Occupational Health and Safety Standard." Art. 106383. Safety Science 171 (March 2024).
      • 2025
      • Working Paper

      Exports in Disguise? Trade Rerouting During the U.S.-China Trade War

      By: Ebehi Iyoha, Edmund Malesky, Jaya Wen and Sung-Ju Wu
      This paper introduces a new measure of tariff evasion through rerouting and applies it to the 2018 U.S.–China trade war, focusing on Vietnam as a transit country. We use transaction-level trade data and define rerouting as the flow of a granular eight-digit Harmonized... View Details
      Keywords: Trade; International Relations; Logistics; China; Viet Nam; United States
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      Iyoha, Ebehi, Edmund Malesky, Jaya Wen, and Sung-Ju Wu. "Exports in Disguise? Trade Rerouting During the U.S.-China Trade War." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 24-072, May 2024. (Revised March 2025.)
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