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  • April 2008
  • Journal Article

Inventory Record Inaccuracy: An Empirical Analysis

By: Nicole DeHoratius and Ananth Raman
This study explores the systematic variation in inventory record inaccuracy (IRI) observed both within and across stores. Traditional inventory models, with a few exceptions, do not account for the existence of IRI and those that do treat record inaccuracy as random.... View Details
Keywords: Information Management; Measurement and Metrics; Logistics; Retail Industry
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  • May 2020
  • Article

Inventory Auditing and Replenishment Using Point-of-Sales Data

By: Achal Bassamboo, Antonio Moreno and Ioannis Stamatopoulos
Spoilage, expiration, damage due to employee/customer handling, employee theft, and customer shoplifting usually are not reflected in inventory records. As a result, records often report phantom inventory, i.e., units of good not available for sale. We derive an... View Details
Keywords: Shelf Availability; Inventory Record Inaccuracy; Optimal Replenishment; Retail Analytics; Performance Effectiveness; Analysis; Mathematical Methods
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  • 2001
  • Other Unpublished Work

Inventory Record Inaccuracy: An Empirical Analysis

By: Nicole DeHoratius and A. Raman
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  • 2025
  • Working Paper

The Impact of Input Inaccuracy on Leveraging AI Tools: Evidence from Algorithmic Labor Scheduling

By: Caleb Kwon, Antonio Moreno and Ananth Raman
Problem Definition: Considerable academic and practitioner attention is placed on the value of ex-post interactions (i.e., overrides) in the human-AI interface. In contrast, relatively little attention has been paid to ex-ante human-AI interactions (e.g., the... View Details
Keywords: AI and Machine Learning; Employees; Performance Effectiveness
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  • April 2003 (Revised March 2009)
  • Case

Operational Execution at Arrow Electronics

By: Ananth Raman and Zeynep Ton
Distribution center operations (from order taking to order fulfillment) and the importance of attending to process details at Arrow Electronics, a large distributor of electronic components and computer products are described. The case also details the actions the... View Details
Keywords: Information; Distribution; Logistics; Strategy; Electronics Industry
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  • April 2005
  • Case

Handleman Company

By: Janice H. Hammond and Kevin Dolan
Describes the organization and operations of the Handleman Co., an intermediary in the music industry that buys recorded music and resells it to mass retailers such as Wal-Mart. The company provides distribution, inventory management, retail merchandising, and category... View Details
Keywords: Business Organization; Music Entertainment; Cost Management; Growth and Development; Business or Company Management; Distribution Channels; Problems and Challenges; Risk and Uncertainty; Online Technology; Value Creation; Music Industry
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  • November 2017
  • Teaching Note

Amazon.com, 2016

By: John R. Wells and Gabriel Ellsworth
Teaching Note for HBS No. 716-402. On January 28, 2016, Amazon announced record 2015 operating profits of $2.2 billion on $107 billion of sales, and the markets responded with cautious optimism. For years, founder and CEO Jeffrey Bezos had prioritized growth and... View Details
Keywords: Strategic Analysis; Retail; E-commerce; Amazon; Amazon.com; AmazonFresh; Jeff Bezos; Cloud Computing; Marketplaces; Streaming; E-reader Market; Digital Media; Mobile App; Online Retail; Shipping; Database; Tablet; Kindle; Kindle Fire; Smartphone; Delivery; Market Platforms; Two-Sided Platforms; Competition; Internet; Corporate Strategy; Online Advertising; Business Growth and Maturation; Business Model; Business Organization; For-Profit Firms; Film Entertainment; Games, Gaming, and Gambling; Music Entertainment; Television Entertainment; Profit; Revenue; Global Strategy; Multinational Firms and Management; Taxation; Business History; Human Resources; Resignation and Termination; Books; Human Capital; Working Conditions; Business or Company Management; Goals and Objectives; Growth and Development Strategy; Growth Management; Management Practices and Processes; Industry Growth; Industry Structures; Media; Distribution; Distribution Channels; Order Taking and Fulfillment; Infrastructure; Logistics; Product Development; Supply Chain; Supply Chain Management; Organizational Culture; Public Ownership; Work-Life Balance; Problems and Challenges; Labor and Management Relations; Strategy; Adaptation; Business Strategy; Competitive Strategy; Diversification; Expansion; Integration; Horizontal Integration; Vertical Integration; Hardware; Information Technology; Mobile Technology; Online Technology; Technology Networks; Technology Platform; Web; Web Sites; Price; Software; Marketing; Marketing Strategy; Working Capital; Customer Focus and Relationships; Customer Value and Value Chain; Retail Industry; Advertising Industry; Distribution Industry; Electronics Industry; Entertainment and Recreation Industry; Information Technology Industry; Manufacturing Industry; Motion Pictures and Video Industry; Music Industry; Publishing Industry; Shipping Industry; Technology Industry; Video Game Industry; Web Services Industry; United States; Washington (state, US); Seattle
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  • Research Summary

Overview

The overarching goal of my research is to produce works that are influential and informative to both academics and practitioners in the field of operations management. To accomplish this, I collaborate with industry partners who provide knowledge about their field,... View Details
  • November–December 2014
  • Article

Accountable? The Problems and Solutions of Online Ad Optimization

By: Benjamin Edelman
Online advertising might seem to be the most measurable form of marketing ever invented. Comprehensive records can track who clicked what ad—and often who saw what ad—to compare those clicks with users' subsequent purchases. Ever-cheaper IT makes this tracking... View Details
Keywords: Online Advertising; Fraud; Optimization; Incentives; Digital Marketing; Contracts; Marketing Strategy; Organizational Design
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  • 29 Nov 2022
  • Research & Ideas

How Much More Would Holiday Shoppers Pay to Wear Something Rare?

holiday shopping season. With record inflation, rising interest rates, and economic jitters weighing on consumers, pricing strategies could become more critical to getting customers to buy during the coming weeks and beyond. The rare red... View Details
Keywords: by Michael Blanding; Retail
  • Web

Financial Accounting Online Course | HBS Online

Accruals and Deferrals Inventory Long-Lived Assets Credit Risk Management Deferred Taxes Featured Exercise Record advanced business transactions as journal entries 8.5 hrs Module 5 The Statement of Cash... View Details
  • Web

Online Leadership Principles Course | HBS Online

mastery of leadership and management Earn by: completing any three courses within this subject area to earn a Certificate of Specialization Learn More about what you earn Syllabus 4 Modules, 35-40 Hours Download full syllabus 1 hrs Prework 360° Emotional and Social... View Details
  • 01 Mar 2004
  • News

Derek Ferguson

million. As Bad Boy’s CFO, Ferguson oversees a multifaceted hip-hop empire founded in 1993 by chairman and CEO Sean “P. Diddy” Combs, a Grammy Award–winning producer and recording artist in his own right. Sometimes criticized for its... View Details
Keywords: Julia Hanna; Performing Arts, Spectator Sports, and Related Industries; Arts, Entertainment
  • 24 Feb 2020
  • Research & Ideas

The Hidden Vulnerabilities of Open Source Software

million, of secure web servers on the internet and allowed numerous data breaches, including the theft of 4.5 million medical records from a large hospital chain. In response to Heartbleed, the Linux Foundation established CII, a project... View Details
Keywords: by Frank Nagle and Jenny Hoffman; Computer
  • 01 Mar 2018
  • News

Every Trick in the Book

bookstores found ways to stay in business. Then came Amazon. The internet giant got its start as a bookseller, taking its first order in July 1995. Its online-only model meant that Amazon’s inventory was essentially limitless, and its... View Details
Keywords: April White
  • Web

Frequently Asked Questions | HBS Online

official transcript of my CORe grades? Upon completion of the course, if you are asked for official verification of your completion of CORe by an employer or institution, you may order an official HBS Online transcript at any time via My Dashboard . This transcript... View Details
  • 18 Sep 2007
  • First Look

First Look: September 18, 2007

systematic variation in inventory record inaccuracy (IRI) observed both within and across stores. Traditional inventory models, with a few... View Details
Keywords: Martha Lagace
  • 01 Apr 2002
  • News

Stocking Up Can Build Customer Value

A classic business problem from the 1950s illustrates the tension between inventory costs and missed sales. A newspaper vendor must decide how many papers to buy each day based on typical demand. His profit is optimized, the solution... View Details
Keywords: Colleges, Universities, and Professional Schools; Educational Services
  • Web

Lehman Brothers Archives | Baker Library | Bloomberg Center | Harvard Business School

Library Search Search Search Lehman Brothers: 1850 - 2008 Lehman Brothers Archives Archives The voluminous business records included in the Lehman Brothers archives document the history of the company from 1868 until 2007. The View Details
  • 12 Jul 2010
  • Research & Ideas

Rocket Science Retailing: A Practical Guide

describes how investors can—and do—pay closer attention to retailers' inventory levels. “When it comes to implementing science in retailing, the 'missionary' is more important than the scientist.” Raman, who specializes in operations... View Details
Keywords: by Martha Lagace; Retail; Auto