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  • All HBS Web  (1,217)
    • People  (2)
    • News  (188)
    • Research  (810)
    • Events  (14)
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Show Results For

  • All HBS Web  (1,217)
    • People  (2)
    • News  (188)
    • Research  (810)
    • Events  (14)
    • Multimedia  (3)
  • Faculty Publications  (578)
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  • TeachingInterests

Interpretability and Explainability in Machine Learning

By: Himabindu Lakkaraju

As machine learning models are increasingly being employed to aid decision makers in high-stakes settings such as healthcare and criminal justice, it is important to ensure that the decision makers correctly understand and consequent trust the functionality of these... View Details

  • Research Summary

Making Machine Learning Models Interpretable

By: Himabindu Lakkaraju
I work on developing various tools and methodologies which can help decision makers (e.g., doctors, managers) to better understand the predictions of machine learning models. View Details
  • March 2022 (Revised January 2025)
  • Technical Note

Prediction & Machine Learning

By: Iavor I. Bojinov, Michael Parzen and Paul Hamilton
This note provides an introduction to machine learning for an introductory data science course. The note begins with a description of supervised, unsupervised, and reinforcement learning. Then, the note provides a brief explanation of the difference between traditional... View Details
Keywords: Machine Learning; Data Science; Learning; Analytics and Data Science; Performance Evaluation; AI and Machine Learning
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Bojinov, Iavor I., Michael Parzen, and Paul Hamilton. "Prediction & Machine Learning." Harvard Business School Technical Note 622-101, March 2022. (Revised January 2025.)
  • 18 Nov 2016
  • Conference Presentation

Rawlsian Fairness for Machine Learning

By: Matthew Joseph, Michael J. Kearns, Jamie Morgenstern, Seth Neel and Aaron Leon Roth
Motivated by concerns that automated decision-making procedures can unintentionally lead to discriminatory behavior, we study a technical definition of fairness modeled after John Rawls' notion of "fair equality of opportunity". In the context of a simple model of... View Details
Keywords: Machine Learning; Algorithms; Fairness; Decision Making; Mathematical Methods
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Joseph, Matthew, Michael J. Kearns, Jamie Morgenstern, Seth Neel, and Aaron Leon Roth. "Rawlsian Fairness for Machine Learning." Paper presented at the 3rd Workshop on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency in Machine Learning, Special Interest Group on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (SIGKDD), November 18, 2016.
  • Teaching Interest

Big Data Analytics and Machine Learning

Big data in the context of marketing, management, and innovation strategy. Machine Learning algorithms and tools. 
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Keywords: Big Data; Machine Learning; Analytics

    Team Dispersion & the Employee Experience:

    In another ongoing project, Prof. Whillans examines whether and how dispersion in hybrid organizations influences the employee experience. Prior research suggests that the geographic, spatial, and configurational dispersion of teams critically shape... View Details

    • 2019
    • Working Paper

    Soul and Machine (Learning)

    By: Davide Proserpio, John R. Hauser, Xiao Liu, Tomomichi Amano, Alex Burnap, Tong Guo, Dokyun Lee, Randall Lewis, Kanishka Misra, Eric Schwarz, Artem Timoshenko, Lilei Xu and Hema Yoganarasimhan
    Machine learning is bringing us self-driving cars, improved medical diagnostics, and machine translation, but can it improve marketing decisions? It can. Machine learning models predict extremely well, are scalable to “big data,” and are a natural fit to rich media... View Details
    Keywords: Machine Learning; Technological Innovation; Marketing; AI and Machine Learning
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    Proserpio, Davide, John R. Hauser, Xiao Liu, Tomomichi Amano, Alex Burnap, Tong Guo, Dokyun Lee, Randall Lewis, Kanishka Misra, Eric Schwarz, Artem Timoshenko, Lilei Xu, and Hema Yoganarasimhan. "Soul and Machine (Learning)." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 20-036, September 2019.
    • 2017
    • Working Paper

    Machine Learning Methods for Strategy Research

    By: Mike Horia Teodorescu
    Numerous applications of machine learning have gained acceptance in the field of strategy and management research only during the last few years. Established uses span such diverse problems as strategic foreign investments, strategic resource allocation, systemic risk... View Details
    Keywords: Machine Learning; Natural Language Processing; Classification; Decision Trees; Strategic Decisions; Strategy; Research; Information Technology
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    Teodorescu, Mike Horia. "Machine Learning Methods for Strategy Research." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 18-011, August 2017. (Revised October 2017.)
    • 2019
    • Article

    An Empirical Study of Rich Subgroup Fairness for Machine Learning

    By: Michael J Kearns, Seth Neel, Aaron Leon Roth and Zhiwei Steven Wu
    Kearns et al. [2018] recently proposed a notion of rich subgroup fairness intended to bridge the gap between statistical and individual notions of fairness. Rich subgroup fairness picks a statistical fairness constraint (say, equalizing false positive rates across... View Details
    Keywords: Machine Learning; Fairness; AI and Machine Learning
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    Kearns, Michael J., Seth Neel, Aaron Leon Roth, and Zhiwei Steven Wu. "An Empirical Study of Rich Subgroup Fairness for Machine Learning." Proceedings of the Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency (2019): 100–109.
    • August 2020 (Revised September 2020)
    • Technical Note

    Assessing Prediction Accuracy of Machine Learning Models

    By: Michael W. Toffel, Natalie Epstein, Kris Ferreira and Yael Grushka-Cockayne
    The note introduces a variety of methods to assess the accuracy of machine learning prediction models. The note begins by briefly introducing machine learning, overfitting, training versus test datasets, and cross validation. The following accuracy metrics and tools... View Details
    Keywords: Machine Learning; Statistics; Econometric Analyses; Experimental Methods; Data Analysis; Data Analytics; Forecasting and Prediction; Analytics and Data Science; Analysis; Mathematical Methods
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    Toffel, Michael W., Natalie Epstein, Kris Ferreira, and Yael Grushka-Cockayne. "Assessing Prediction Accuracy of Machine Learning Models." Harvard Business School Technical Note 621-045, August 2020. (Revised September 2020.)
    • August 2020
    • Article

    Machine Learning and Human Capital Complementarities: Experimental Evidence on Bias Mitigation

    By: Prithwiraj Choudhury, Evan Starr and Rajshree Agarwal
    The use of machine learning (ML) for productivity in the knowledge economy requires considerations of important biases that may arise from ML predictions. We define a new source of bias related to incompleteness in real time inputs, which may result from strategic... View Details
    Keywords: Machine Learning; Bias; Human Capital; Management; Strategy
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    Choudhury, Prithwiraj, Evan Starr, and Rajshree Agarwal. "Machine Learning and Human Capital Complementarities: Experimental Evidence on Bias Mitigation." Strategic Management Journal 41, no. 8 (August 2020): 1381–1411.
    • Article

    Soul and Machine (Learning)

    By: Davide Proserpio, John R. Hauser, Xiao Liu, Tomomichi Amano, Burnap Alex, Tong Guo, Dokyun (DK) Lee, Randall Lewis, Kanishka Misra, Eric Schwarz, Artem Timoshenko, Lilei Xu and Hema Yoganarasimhan
    Machine learning is bringing us self-driving cars, medical diagnoses, and language translation, but how can machine learning help marketers improve marketing decisions? Machine learning models predict extremely well, are scalable to “big data,” and are a natural fit to... View Details
    Keywords: Machine Learning; Marketing Applications; Knowledge; Technological Innovation; Core Relationships; Marketing; Applications and Software
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    Proserpio, Davide, John R. Hauser, Xiao Liu, Tomomichi Amano, Burnap Alex, Tong Guo, Dokyun (DK) Lee, Randall Lewis, Kanishka Misra, Eric Schwarz, Artem Timoshenko, Lilei Xu, and Hema Yoganarasimhan. "Soul and Machine (Learning)." Marketing Letters 31, no. 4 (December 2020): 393–404.
    • January 2021
    • Article

    Machine Learning for Pattern Discovery in Management Research

    By: Prithwiraj Choudhury, Ryan Allen and Michael G. Endres
    Supervised machine learning (ML) methods are a powerful toolkit for discovering robust patterns in quantitative data. The patterns identified by ML could be used for exploratory inductive or abductive research, or for post-hoc analysis of regression results to detect... View Details
    Keywords: Machine Learning; Supervised Machine Learning; Induction; Abduction; Exploratory Data Analysis; Pattern Discovery; Decision Trees; Random Forests; Neural Networks; ROC Curve; Confusion Matrix; Partial Dependence Plots; AI and Machine Learning
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    Choudhury, Prithwiraj, Ryan Allen, and Michael G. Endres. "Machine Learning for Pattern Discovery in Management Research." Strategic Management Journal 42, no. 1 (January 2021): 30–57.
    • April 2020
    • Article

    Regulatory Oversight, Causal Inference, and Safe and Effective Health Care Machine Learning

    By: Ariel Dora Stern and W. Nicholson Price, II
    In recent years, the applications of Machine Learning (ML) in the health care delivery setting have grown to become both abundant and compelling. Regulators have taken notice of these developments and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has been engaging... View Details
    Keywords: Machine Learning; Causal Inference; Health Care and Treatment; Safety; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms
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    Stern, Ariel Dora, and W. Nicholson Price, II. "Regulatory Oversight, Causal Inference, and Safe and Effective Health Care Machine Learning." Biostatistics 21, no. 2 (April 2020): 363–367.
    • Article

    Adaptive Machine Unlearning

    By: Varun Gupta, Christopher Jung, Seth Neel, Aaron Roth, Saeed Sharifi-Malvajerdi and Chris Waites
    Data deletion algorithms aim to remove the influence of deleted data points from trained models at a cheaper computational cost than fully retraining those models. However, for sequences of deletions, most prior work in the non-convex setting gives valid guarantees... View Details
    Keywords: Machine Learning; AI and Machine Learning
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    Gupta, Varun, Christopher Jung, Seth Neel, Aaron Roth, Saeed Sharifi-Malvajerdi, and Chris Waites. "Adaptive Machine Unlearning." Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS) 34 (2021).
    • 2020
    • Working Paper

    Machine Learning for Pattern Discovery in Management Research

    By: Prithwiraj Choudhury
    Supervised machine learning (ML) methods are a powerful toolkit for discovering robust patterns in quantitative data. The patterns identified by ML could be used as an observation for further inductive or abductive research, but should not be treated as the result of a... View Details
    Keywords: Machine Learning; Theory Building; Induction; Decision Trees; Random Forests; K-nearest Neighbors; Neural Network; P-hacking; Analytics and Data Science; Analysis
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    Choudhury, Prithwiraj, Ryan Allen, and Michael G. Endres. "Machine Learning for Pattern Discovery in Management Research." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 19-032, September 2018. (Revised June 2020.)
    • 2022
    • Working Paper

    Machine Learning Models for Prediction of Scope 3 Carbon Emissions

    By: George Serafeim and Gladys Vélez Caicedo
    For most organizations, the vast amount of carbon emissions occur in their supply chain and in the post-sale processing, usage, and end of life treatment of a product, collectively labelled scope 3 emissions. In this paper, we train machine learning algorithms on 15... View Details
    Keywords: Carbon Emissions; Climate Change; Environment; Carbon Accounting; Machine Learning; Artificial Intelligence; Digital; Data Science; Environmental Sustainability; Environmental Management; Environmental Accounting
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    Serafeim, George, and Gladys Vélez Caicedo. "Machine Learning Models for Prediction of Scope 3 Carbon Emissions." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 22-080, June 2022.
    • Article

    Machine Learning Approaches to Facial and Text Analysis: Discovering CEO Oral Communication Styles

    By: Prithwiraj Choudhury, Dan Wang, Natalie A. Carlson and Tarun Khanna
    We demonstrate how a novel synthesis of three methods—(1) unsupervised topic modeling of text data to generate new measures of textual variance, (2) sentiment analysis of text data, and (3) supervised ML coding of facial images with a cutting-edge convolutional neural... View Details
    Keywords: CEOs; Communication Style; Machine Learning; Spoken Communication; Nonverbal Communication; Personal Characteristics; Analysis; Performance
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    Choudhury, Prithwiraj, Dan Wang, Natalie A. Carlson, and Tarun Khanna. "Machine Learning Approaches to Facial and Text Analysis: Discovering CEO Oral Communication Styles." Strategic Management Journal 40, no. 11 (November 2019): 1705–1732.
    • Research Summary

    Making Machine Learning Models Fair

    By: Himabindu Lakkaraju
    The goal of this research direction is to ensure that the machine learning models we build and deploy do not discriminate against individuals from minority groups. View Details
    • October 2017 (Revised April 2018)
    • Case

    Improving Worker Safety in the Era of Machine Learning (A)

    By: Michael W. Toffel, Dan Levy, Jose Ramon Morales Arilla and Matthew S. Johnson
    Managers make predictions all the time: How fast will my markets grow? How much inventory do I need? How intensively should I monitor my suppliers? Which potential customers will be most responsive to a particular marketing campaign? Which job candidates should I... View Details
    Keywords: Machine Learning; Policy Implementation; Empirical Research; Inspection; Occupational Safety; Occupational Health; Regulation; Analysis; Forecasting and Prediction; Policy; Operations; Supply Chain Management; Safety; Manufacturing Industry; Construction Industry; United States
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    Toffel, Michael W., Dan Levy, Jose Ramon Morales Arilla, and Matthew S. Johnson. "Improving Worker Safety in the Era of Machine Learning (A)." Harvard Business School Case 618-019, October 2017. (Revised April 2018.)
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