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    • Faculty Publications  (15)

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    • All HBS Web  (59)
      • Faculty Publications  (15)

      Institutional VoidsRemove Institutional Voids →

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      • April 2023 (Revised April 2025)
      • Case

      Eike Batista: Making or Breaking Brazil

      By: Geoffrey Jones, Pedro Magalhães, Daniel Tong and Marcel Anduiza
      This case explores the meteoric rise and fall of Eike Batista, once Brazil’s richest person and the world’s seventh wealthiest in 2012. Batista began his career by investing in gold mining in the Amazon, using the network his father had built after years serving as... View Details
      Keywords: Crime and Corruption; Entrepreneurship; Investment; Energy Industry; Mining Industry; Brazil
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      Jones, Geoffrey, Pedro Magalhães, Daniel Tong, and Marcel Anduiza. "Eike Batista: Making or Breaking Brazil." Harvard Business School Case 323-111, April 2023. (Revised April 2025.)
      • October 2019
      • Case

      Agility Africa

      By: Juan Alcacer, Caroline M. Elkins and Esel Çekin
      This case illustrates the challenge and opportunities that firms face when developing and executing new business models in high-risk, low-infrastructure, low-trust countries. It features a global logistics group, Agility, that aimed to become the leader in supplying... View Details
      Keywords: Strategy; Business Model; Innovation and Invention; Expansion; Emerging Markets; Decision Choices and Conditions; Real Estate Industry; Distribution Industry; Africa
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      Alcacer, Juan, Caroline M. Elkins, and Esel Çekin. "Agility Africa." Harvard Business School Case 720-357, October 2019.
      • 2020
      • Chapter

      Business, Ethics and Institutions. The Evolution of Turkish Capitalism in a Comparative Perspective

      By: Asli M. Colpan and Geoffrey Jones
      This chapter offers a survey of the evolution of Turkish capitalism from the 19th century Ottoman Empire until the present day. It shows that Turkish business over the last century and a half was shaped in an institutional context similar to those in many developing... View Details
      Keywords: Business Groups; Capitalism; Entrepreneurship; Ethics; Government and Politics; History; Religion; Business History; Turkey; Central Asia; Middle East
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      Colpan, Asli M., and Geoffrey Jones. "Business, Ethics and Institutions. The Evolution of Turkish Capitalism in a Comparative Perspective." Chap. 1 in Business, Ethics and Institutions: The Evolution of Turkish Capitalism in Global Perspectives, edited by Asli M. Colpan and Geoffrey Jones, 3–22. New York: Routledge, 2020.
      • January 2019
      • Background Note

      Blockchain and the Movement of Value in Africa

      By: John D. Macomber, Liang Wu and Ina Folea
      This technical note discusses the potential of Blockchain technologies in Africa, particularly to overcome institutional voids in trust and transactions. View Details
      Keywords: Blockchain; Technological Innovation; Value; Trust; Africa
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      Macomber, John D., Liang Wu, and Ina Folea. "Blockchain and the Movement of Value in Africa." Harvard Business School Background Note 219-084, January 2019.
      • July–August 2018
      • Article

      When Technology Gets Ahead of Society

      By: Tarun Khanna
      New technologies can be unsettling for industry incumbents, regulators, and consumers, because norms and institutions for dealing with them don’t yet exist. Interestingly, businesspeople in emerging economies face similar challenges: The rules are unclear and... View Details
      Keywords: Technological Innovation; Society; Situation or Environment; Infrastructure; Entrepreneurship; Performance Effectiveness; Cooperation
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      Khanna, Tarun. "When Technology Gets Ahead of Society." Harvard Business Review 96, no. 4 (July–August 2018): 86–95.
      • November 2017
      • Article

      Overcoming Institutional Voids: A Reputation-Based View of Long Run Survival

      By: Cheng Gao, Tiona Zuzul, Geoffrey Jones and Tarun Khanna
      Emerging markets are characterized by underdeveloped institutions and frequent environmental shifts. Yet they also contain many firms that have survived over generations. How are firms in weak institutional environments able to persist over time? Motivated by 69... View Details
      Keywords: Institutional Voids; Intangible Resources; Emerging Markets; Reputation; Business History
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      Gao, Cheng, Tiona Zuzul, Geoffrey Jones, and Tarun Khanna. "Overcoming Institutional Voids: A Reputation-Based View of Long Run Survival." Strategic Management Journal 38, no. 11 (November 2017): 2147–2167. (Video Abstract.)
      • 2016
      • Working Paper

      Overcoming Institutional Voids: A Reputation-Based View of Long Run Survival

      By: Cheng Gao, Tiona Zuzul, Geoffrey Jones and Tarun Khanna
      Emerging markets are characterized by underdeveloped institutions and frequent environmental shifts. Yet they also contain many firms that have survived over generations. How are firms in weak institutional environments able to persist over time? Motivated by 69... View Details
      Keywords: Institutional Voids; Intangible Resources; Business Ventures; Business or Company Management; Business History; Reputation; Emerging Markets
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      Gao, Cheng, Tiona Zuzul, Geoffrey Jones, and Tarun Khanna. "Overcoming Institutional Voids: A Reputation-Based View of Long Run Survival." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 17-060, January 2017.
      • 2015
      • Working Paper

      Business Groups Exist in Developed Markets Also: Britain Since 1850

      By: Geoffrey Jones
      Diversified business groups are well-known phenomena in emerging markets, both today and historically. This is often explained by the prevalence of institutional voids or the nature of government-business relations. It is typically assumed that such groups were much... View Details
      Keywords: Business Groups; Business History; Economic History; Conglomerates; Entrepreneurship; Globalization; Management; Organizations; United Kingdom
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      Jones, Geoffrey. "Business Groups Exist in Developed Markets Also: Britain Since 1850." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 16-066, November 2015.
      • Article

      A Case for Contextual Intelligence

      By: Tarun Khanna
      In this perspective, I make a case for entrepreneurs and academics alike to focus on what I have referred to elsewhere as Contextual Intelligence, the ability to understand the limits of our knowledge, and to adapt that knowledge to a context different from the one in... View Details
      Keywords: Contextual Intelligence; Institutional Voids; Entrepreneurship In Emerging Markets; Knowledge Use and Leverage; Situation or Environment; Developing Countries and Economies; Entrepreneurship
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      Khanna, Tarun. "A Case for Contextual Intelligence." Special Issue on Leveraging India: Strategies for Global Competitiveness. Management International Review 55, no. 2 (April 2015): 181–190.
      • 2014
      • Contribution

      Entrepreneurship in Emerging Markets: Contextual Intelligence for the Study of Two Thirds of the World's Population

      By: Tarun Khanna
      In this paper, I review the concept of "institutional voids" that provides a way to understand the structure of emerging markets. These voids impede would-be buyers from getting together with would-be sellers, and hence compromise the functioning of markets.... View Details
      Keywords: Emerging Markets; Entrepreneurship
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      Khanna, Tarun. "Entrepreneurship in Emerging Markets: Contextual Intelligence for the Study of Two Thirds of the World's Population." Contribution to Multidisciplinary Insights from New AIB Fellows. Vol. 16, edited by Jean J. Boddewyn, 221–238. Research in Global Strategic Management. Bingley, UK: Emerald Group Publishing, 2014.
      • May – June 2011
      • Article

      Winning in Emerging Markets: Spotting and Responding to Institutional Voids

      By: Tarun Khanna and Krishna G. Palepu
      Keywords: Emerging Markets
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      Khanna, Tarun, and Krishna G. Palepu. "Winning in Emerging Markets: Spotting and Responding to Institutional Voids." World Financial Review (May–June 2011): 18–20.
      • 2010
      • Book

      International Differences in Entrepreneurship

      By: Josh Lerner and Antoinette Schoar
      Often considered one of the major forces behind economic growth and development, the entrepreneurial firm can accelerate the speed of innovation and dissemination of new technologies, thus increasing a country's competitive edge in the global market. As a result,... View Details
      Keywords: Developing Countries and Economies; Economic Growth; Entrepreneurship; Globalized Economies and Regions; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Supply and Industry; Business and Government Relations
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      Lerner, Josh, and Antoinette Schoar, eds. International Differences in Entrepreneurship. National Bureau of Economic Research Conference Report. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2010.
      • 2010
      • Book

      Winning in Emerging Markets: A Road Map for Strategy and Execution

      By: Tarun Khanna, Krishna G. Palepu and Richard Bullock
      The best way to select emerging markets to exploit is to evaluate their size or growth potential, right? Not according to Krishna Palepu and Tarun Khanna. In 'Winning in Emerging Markets,' these leading scholars on the subject present a decidedly different framework... View Details
      Keywords: Developing Countries and Economies; Management Analysis, Tools, and Techniques; Emerging Markets; Organizations; Opportunities; Business Strategy
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      Khanna, Tarun, Krishna G. Palepu, and Richard Bullock. Winning in Emerging Markets: A Road Map for Strategy and Execution. Boston: Harvard Business Press, 2010.
      • August 2005 (Revised March 2024)
      • Background Note

      Spotting Institutional Voids in Emerging Markets

      By: Tarun Khanna and Krishna Palepu
      With the demise of communism, many countries in the world are striving to build their economic activity around markets and to participate in free trade arrangements, such as the World Trade Organization (WTO), European Union (EU), and North American Free Trade... View Details
      Keywords: Emerging Markets
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      Khanna, Tarun, and Krishna Palepu. "Spotting Institutional Voids in Emerging Markets." Harvard Business School Background Note 106-014, August 2005. (Revised March 2024.)
      • April 2002
      • Background Note

      Local Institutions and Global Strategy

      By: Tarun Khanna
      Explores how location affects a firm's strategy and identifies the different ways location affects industry structure, choice of a firm's position, and the sustainability of that position. The intellectual foundations lie in an appreciation of institutional economics.... View Details
      Keywords: Global Range; Global Strategy; Product Positioning; Market Transactions; Industry Structures; Negotiation Deal; Organizational Design; Outcome or Result; Strategic Planning
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      Khanna, Tarun. "Local Institutions and Global Strategy." Harvard Business School Background Note 702-475, April 2002.
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