Equity Valuation - Publications - Faculty & Research - Harvard Business School

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2024
Working Paper

Private Equity Fund Valuation Management during Fundraising

By: Brian K. Baik

I investigate whether and how private equity fund managers (GPs) inflate their interim fund valuations (net asset values or NAVs) during fundraising periods. Specifically, I study the extent to which the GPs inflate NAVs by managing valuation assumptions (e.g.,... View Details

Keywords: Private Equity; Institutional Investors; Valuation Multiples; Earnings Management; Private Firms; Valuation; Investment Funds

Research Summary

Equity Valuation

By: Charles C.Y. Wang

Professor Wang’s research utilizes valuation theory to explain how firm fundamentals are related to the expected rates of equity returns and their term structures. His research provides strong evidence that valuation-based proxies of expected returns outperform the... View Details

August 2012 (Revised July 2015)
Background Note

A Note on Valuation in Private Equity

By: Paul A. Gompers

This note will provide an overview of valuation methodologies in private equity. View Details

Keywords: Valuation; Valuation Methodologies; Private Equity; Leveraged Buyouts

July 2017 (Revised January 2020)
Background Note

Primer on Multiples Valuation and Its Use in the Private Equity Industry

By: Victoria Ivashina and Henrik Boe

This note explores the mechanics of multiples, different types of multiples, when and how to use them, and common pitfalls associated with multiples valuation. While a multiples approach is a very convenient valuation method, breaking down the underlying assumptions... View Details

Keywords: Valuation Methods; Multiples; Private Equity; Valuation; Measurement and Metrics

January 2022
Background Note

Residual Income Valuation Model

By: Charles C.Y. Wang and Albert Shin

This note explains the residual income valuation model (RIM), how it relates to "traditional" valuation models, the intuition behind its use, and empirical research related to its value relevance. RIM is theoretically equivalent to the dividend discount model and the... View Details

Keywords: Residual Income Valuation; Valuation; Research; Theory; Measurement and Metrics; Performance; Financial Management; Business Strategy

September 2012 (Revised June 2017)
Technical Note

Private Equity Valuation in Emerging Markets

By: Paul A. Gompers, Victoria Ivashina and Timothy Dore

This note provides an opportunity to understand how private equity investors need to adapt to emerging markets. View Details

Keywords: Finance; Private Equity; Valuation; Emerging Markets

June 1985 (Revised December 2002)
Background Note

Basic Ratio Analysis and Equity Valuation

By: David F. Hawkins

Describes the use of common financial ratios to analyze a firm's performance and financial condition. Discusses fundamentals of equity valuation. Based on an earlier note by the same author. View Details

Keywords: Valuation; Financial Condition; Equity

July 2001
Technical Note

Technical Note on LBO Valuation (B): The Equity Cash Flow Method of Valuation using CAPM

By: Carliss Y. Baldwin

Explains the equity cash flow method of valuation as it applies to leveraged buyouts. Also explains how to implement the changing cost of equity method using the CAPM. View Details

Keywords: Leveraged Buyouts; Forecasting and Prediction; Cash Flow; Cost of Capital; Equity; Valuation

March 2018
Supplement

Hatch Startup Equity Valuation Exercise (Student Version)

By: Christopher Stanton and Shikhar Ghosh

October 2014
Case

Grantham, Mayo, and Van Otterloo, 2012: Estimating the Equity Risk Premium (Abridged)

By: Samuel Hanson, Erik Stafford and Luis Viceira

Keywords: Equity Valuation; Investment Banking; Equity

October 2012 (Revised June 2015)
Case

Grantham, Mayo, and Van Otterloo, 2012: Estimating the Equity Risk Premium

By: Samuel Hanson, Erik Stafford and Luis Viceira

Keywords: Equity Valuation; Investment Banking; Equity

October 1996 (Revised March 2011)
Background Note

Note on Valuation in Private Equity Settings, A

By: Josh Lerner and John Willinge

This note discusses several ways in which venture-backed firms can be valued, including comparables, net present value, decision-tree analysis, and the "venture capital method." View Details

Keywords: Entrepreneurship; Venture Capital; Private Equity; Investment; Valuation

March 2018
Supplement

Hatch Startup Equity Valuation exercise for Instructor Use

By: Christopher Stanton and Shikhar Ghosh

February 2018 (Revised October 2019)
Technical Note

The Art and Science of Brand Valuation

Brand valuation, the art and science of calculating the economic value accruing to a firm from its use of an intangible brand asset, yields frustratingly inconsistent, discrepant, and, therefore, controversial results. While it is widely accepted that brands are... View Details

August 2012
Course Overview Note

Introduction to Private Equity Finance

By: Paul A. Gompers and Paul A. Gompers

This note will aid in introducing students to the Private Equity Finance course. View Details

Keywords: Corporate Finance; Valuation; Financing; Capital Structure; Finance; Private Equity

May 2013
Teaching Note

Coca-Cola: Residual Income Valuation

By: Suraj Srinivasan and Edward J. Riedl

Teaching note for a case of the same title that introduces students to the residual income (also known as the abnormal earnings) valuation model using the firm Coca-Cola. Students are provided with the primary financial statements (through fiscal 2010) and forecast... View Details

Keywords: Valuation; United States

February 2003 (Revised March 2011)
Background Note

Between a Rock and a Hard Place: Valuation and Distribution in Private Equity

By: G. Felda Hardymon, Josh Lerner and Ann Leamon

Introduces the issues attendant to valuing privately held portfolios and distributing thinly traded stock. Although they have existed since the beginning of the formal venture capital industry, they have received increasing amounts of attention as the money invested in... View Details

Keywords: Venture Capital; Private Equity; Stocks; Investment Portfolio; Valuation; Financial Services Industry

December 2012
Case

Coca-Cola: Residual Income Valuation

By: Suraj Srinivasan, Beiting Cheng and Edward J. Riedl

The case illustrates the use of the residual income (also known as the abnormal earnings) valuation approach. Students are asked to provide a valuation of Coca-Cola Company using the residual income valuation methodology and understand how it maps into the discounted... View Details

Keywords: Business Earnings; Valuation; Financial Statements; Equity; Food and Beverage Industry

March 1996 (Revised April 2006)
Case

Global Equity Markets: The Case of Royal Dutch and Shell

By: Kenneth A. Froot and Andre F. Perold

Royal Dutch and Shell common stocks are securities with linked cash flow, so that the ratio of their stock prices should be fixed. In fact, the ratio is highly variable, moving with the markets where the securities are intensively traded. Royal Dutch trades more... View Details

Keywords: International Equity Markets; International Cost Of Capital; Cross-border Valuation; International Finance; Equity; Cost of Capital; Valuation; Cash Flow

May 1995 (Revised October 1995)
Background Note

Introduction to Cash Flow Valuation Methods

By: Richard S. Ruback

Provides an introduction to three cash flow valuation methods. The three methods differ in their measure of cash flows and the discount rate applied to those cash flows. The names for the three methods correspond to the type of cash flow that is used in the valuation:... View Details

Keywords: Cash Flow; Valuation

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