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    • News  (13)
    • Research  (75)
    • Multimedia  (2)
  • Faculty Publications  (29)

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  • All HBS Web  (104)
    • News  (13)
    • Research  (75)
    • Multimedia  (2)
  • Faculty Publications  (29)
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  • July 2008 (Revised November 2012)
  • Case

Negotiating Equity Splits at UpDown

By: Noam Wasserman and Deepak Malhotra
Michael Reich is having severe doubts about how he split the equity with his co-founders two months ago, when they completed a one-page "November Agreement." Since then, Michael has found an angel investor and has worked non-stop on the business, while one co-founder... View Details
Keywords: Business Startups; Entrepreneurship; Capital; Venture Capital; Equity; Compensation and Benefits; Negotiation; Partners and Partnerships
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Wasserman, Noam, and Deepak Malhotra. "Negotiating Equity Splits at UpDown." Harvard Business School Case 809-020, July 2008. (Revised November 2012.)
  • March 2012 (Revised March 2014)
  • Teaching Note

Negotiating Equity Splits at UpDown

By: Noam Wasserman and Deepak Malhotra
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Wasserman, Noam, and Deepak Malhotra. "Negotiating Equity Splits at UpDown ." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 812-048, March 2012. (Revised March 2014.)
  • March 2012
  • Tutorial

Negotiating Equity Splits at UpDown

By: Noam Wasserman and Deepak Malhotra
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"Negotiating Equity Splits at UpDown." Harvard Business School Tutorial 812-701, March 2012.
  • June 2009
  • Teaching Note

Negotiating Equity Splits at UpDown (TN)

By: Noam T. Wasserman and Deepak Malhotra
Teaching Note for [809020]. View Details
Keywords: Equity; Agreements and Arrangements; Investment; Groups and Teams; Entrepreneurship; Contracts; Ownership Stake
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Wasserman, Noam T., and Deepak Malhotra. "Negotiating Equity Splits at UpDown (TN)." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 809-133, June 2009.
  • February 2009 (Revised June 2011)
  • Background Note

A Note on the Legal and Tax Implications of Founders' Equity Splits

By: Noam T. Wasserman and Lauren Barley
This note summarizes key legal and tax issues that founders should consider as they contemplate an equity split and ownership structure. Specific issues covered include why founders should not delay splitting the equity and whether they should involve an attorney or... View Details
Keywords: Business Startups; Entrepreneurship; Equity; Taxation; Intellectual Property; Law; Ownership; Partners and Partnerships
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Wasserman, Noam T., and Lauren Barley. "A Note on the Legal and Tax Implications of Founders' Equity Splits." Harvard Business School Background Note 809-110, February 2009. (Revised June 2011.)
  • December 2012
  • Article

How Much Is Sweat Equity Worth?

By: Christopher Marquis and Joshua D. Margolis
The article presents a case study of a business decision related to the valuing of sweat equity in a start-up business. One man starts a premium vodka business, bringing in his cousin at an early stage, but with no initial discussion of the eventual split of equity or... View Details
Keywords: Valuation; Ownership Stake; Business Startups
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Marquis, Christopher, and Joshua D. Margolis. "How Much Is Sweat Equity Worth?" R1212X. Harvard Business Review 90, no. 12 (December 2012).
  • 01 Jun 2011
  • Working Paper Summaries

The First Deal: The Division of Founder Equity in New Ventures

Keywords: by Thomas F. Hellmann & Noam Wasserman
  • 18 Jul 2016
  • Research & Ideas

Is Greed Ruining Private Equity Firms?

In a first-ever look at the internal economics driving private equity partnerships, Harvard Business School researchers have found that many of these funds can be torn apart by greed among founding partners who take home a much bigger... View Details
Keywords: by Dina Gerdeman; Banking; Financial Services
  • August 2017
  • Article

The First Deal: The Division of Founder Equity in New Ventures

By: Thomas F. Hellmann and Noam Wasserman
We examine the trade-off between efficiency and equality within the context of entrepreneurial founding teams. Using a formal theory where founders may have preferences over relative outcomes, we derive predictions about the antecedents and consequences of dividing... View Details
Keywords: Equality and Inequality; Entrepreneurship; Equity
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Hellmann, Thomas F., and Noam Wasserman. "The First Deal: The Division of Founder Equity in New Ventures." Management Science 63, no. 8 (August 2017): 2647–2666.
  • 2012
  • Working Paper

The First Deal: The Division of Founder Equity in New Ventures

By: Thomas F. Hellmann and Noam Wasserman
This paper examines the division of founder shares in entrepreneurial ventures, focusing on the decision of whether or not to divide the shares equally among all founders. To motivate the empirical analysis we develop a simple theory of costly bargaining, where... View Details
Keywords: Entrepreneurship; Equity
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Hellmann, Thomas F., and Noam Wasserman. "The First Deal: The Division of Founder Equity in New Ventures." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 14-085, March 2014.
  • March 2014 (Revised February 2015)
  • Case

Loki Capital Management

By: Joseph B. Fuller, Shikhar Ghosh and Matthew Preble
In December 2013, Michael Kane was preparing to launch his start-up's first hedge fund. While pleased with the development of the business, he wanted to address a few lingering issues before going any further. He debated whether or not to fire the company's chief... View Details
Keywords: Hedge Fund; Hedge Funds; Equity Split; Fundraising; Investor Clientele; Team Building; Human Resource Management; Human Capital; Human Resources; Equity; Financial Services Industry; United States
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Fuller, Joseph B., Shikhar Ghosh, and Matthew Preble. "Loki Capital Management." Harvard Business School Case 814-049, March 2014. (Revised February 2015.)
  • October 2014
  • Article

Good Cop, Bad Cop: Complementarities Between Debt and Equity in Disciplining Management

By: Alexander Guembel and Lucy White
In this paper we examine how the quantity of information generated about firm prospects can be improved by splitting a firm's cash flow into a "safe" claim (debt) and a "risky" claim (equity). The former, being relatively insensitive to upside risk, provides a... View Details
Keywords: Information; Borrowing and Debt; Equity; Corporate Finance
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Guembel, Alexander, and Lucy White. "Good Cop, Bad Cop: Complementarities Between Debt and Equity in Disciplining Management." Journal of Financial Intermediation 23, no. 4 (October 2014): 541–569.
  • 2011
  • Working Paper

The First Deal: The Division of Founder Equity in New Ventures

By: Thomas F. Hellmann and Noam Wasserman
This paper examines the division of founder shares in entrepreneurial ventures, focusing on the decision of whether or not to divide the shares equally among all founders. To motivate the empirical analysis we develop a simple theory of costly bargaining, where... View Details
Keywords: Business Startups; Decision Choices and Conditions; Entrepreneurship; Fairness; Equity; Managerial Roles; Negotiation Deal; Ownership Stake; Value
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Hellmann, Thomas F., and Noam Wasserman. "The First Deal: The Division of Founder Equity in New Ventures." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 16922, April 2011.
  • Research Summary

Good cop, Bad Cop: Complementarities between Debt and Equity in Disciplining Management

Joint work with Alexander Gümbel, Saïd Business School and Lincoln College Oxford

In this paper we examine how the quantity of information generated about firm... View Details

  • December 2012
  • Case

Blink Booking

By: William R. Kerr, Magnus Thor Torfason and Alexis Brownell
Rebeca Minguela hopes to create an arbitrage platform, similar to Rocket Internet, that can bring start-up ideas and opportunities to Spain. However, Blink Booking, her first venture and proof of concept, is rocked by a co-founder's breach of confidence and departure.... View Details
Keywords: Clones; Cloning; Rocket Internet; Start-up; Equity Split; Arbitrage; Incubator; Mobile App; Expansion; Spain; Europe; Entrepreneurship; Ethics; Internet and the Web; Information Technology Industry; Accommodations Industry; Travel Industry; Spain; Europe
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Kerr, William R., Magnus Thor Torfason, and Alexis Brownell. "Blink Booking." Harvard Business School Case 813-121, December 2012.
  • July 1995 (Revised May 1997)
  • Case

Nutra Foods

By: David F. Hawkins
An investor reviews his equity investment and asks for help in understanding how the stock splits and dividends impact his investment and the company's stockholders' equity portion of the balance sheet. View Details
Keywords: History; Financial Management; Private Equity; Capital Structure; Valuation; Investment Return; Business and Shareholder Relations; Financial Services Industry; Food and Beverage Industry
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Hawkins, David F. "Nutra Foods." Harvard Business School Case 196-038, July 1995. (Revised May 1997.)
  • February 2003 (Revised September 2003)
  • Case

NanoGene Technologies, Inc.

Describes a company during the start-up phase and focuses on the founders' decisions regarding splitting the equity and compensation. Also considers establishing policies and practices that will set the tone for the company as it grows. Discusses a number of specific... View Details
Keywords: Business Startups; Business or Company Management; Compensation and Benefits; Selection and Staffing; Growth and Development Strategy; Organizational Culture; Policy; Technology Industry
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Cyr, Linda A., and Michael J. Roberts. "NanoGene Technologies, Inc." Harvard Business School Case 803-117, February 2003. (Revised September 2003.)
  • November 2011
  • Compilation

VCPE Strategy Vignettes: 2012

By: Josh Lerner, Felda Hardymon, Matthew Rhodes-Kropf, Ann Leamon and Lisa Strope
This compilation of five vignettes depicts common challenges confronting venture capital and leveraged buyout groups. They range from when to deviate from a strategy and how to manage an inept but well-connected executive to equity splits among founders and whether to... View Details
Keywords: Strategy
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Lerner, Josh, Felda Hardymon, Matthew Rhodes-Kropf, Ann Leamon, and Lisa Strope. "VCPE Strategy Vignettes: 2012." Harvard Business School Compilation 812-073, November 2011.
  • September 2008 (Revised December 2011)
  • Case

Frank Addante, Serial Entrepreneur

By: Noam T. Wasserman and Antony Uy
Frank Addante is a 28-year-old serial entrepreneur who is in the process of building his fifth venture. Of his first four ventures, two were sold, one went public, and in the last he decided to close the venture and return unused capital to his investors. With the... View Details
Keywords: Business Startups; Entrepreneurship; Venture Capital; Equity; Selection and Staffing; Groups and Teams
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Wasserman, Noam T., and Antony Uy. "Frank Addante, Serial Entrepreneur." Harvard Business School Case 809-046, September 2008. (Revised December 2011.)
  • July 2008 (Revised October 2024)
  • Supplement

UpDown: Confidential Instructions for PHUC

By: Noam Wasserman and Deepak Malhotra
Michael Reich is having severe doubts about how he split the equity with his co-founders two months ago, when they completed a one-page "November Agreement." Since then, Michael has found an angel investor and has worked non-stop on the business, while one co-founder... View Details
Keywords: Negotiation Participants; Agreements and Arrangements; Business Startups; Ownership Stake
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Wasserman, Noam, and Deepak Malhotra. "UpDown: Confidential Instructions for PHUC." Harvard Business School Supplement 809-023, July 2008. (Revised October 2024.)
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