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- Faculty Publications (8)
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- All HBS Web (45)
- Faculty Publications (8)
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- February 2021
- Case
Apple: Privacy vs. Safety (A)
By: Henry McGee, Nien-hê Hsieh, Sarah McAra and Christian Godwin
In 2015, Apple CEO Tim Cook debuted the iPhone 6S with enhanced security measures that enflamed a debate on privacy and public safety around the world. The iPhone 6S, amid a heightened concern for privacy following the 2013 revelation of clandestine U.S. surveillance... View Details
Keywords: Iphone; Encryption; Data Privacy; Customers; Customer Focus and Relationships; Decision Making; Ethics; Values and Beliefs; Globalized Firms and Management; Government and Politics; National Security; Law; Law Enforcement; Leadership; Markets; Safety; Social Issues; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Civil Society or Community; Mobile and Wireless Technology; Technology Industry; Consumer Products Industry; Telecommunications Industry; Electronics Industry; United States; China; Hong Kong
McGee, Henry, Nien-hê Hsieh, Sarah McAra, and Christian Godwin. "Apple: Privacy vs. Safety (A)." Harvard Business School Case 321-004, February 2021.
- February 1999
- Exercise
Great Encryption Debate, The: General and Confidential Instructions for Director of Federal Investigative Service (FIS)
Watkins, Michael D., and Usha Thakrar. "Great Encryption Debate, The: General and Confidential Instructions for Director of Federal Investigative Service (FIS)." Harvard Business School Exercise 899-185, February 1999.
- January 2023
- Supplement
Apple: Privacy vs. Safety (B)
By: Henry McGee, Nien-hê Hsieh and Christian Godwin
In 2020, as the COVID-19 pandemic swept across the globe, Apple and Google partnered to develop a contact tracing application that would collect information about users infected with the disease and notify those who they had been in contact with. While Apple/Google’s... View Details
Keywords: Iphone; Encryption; Data Privacy; Customers; Customer Focus and Relationships; Decision Making; Ethics; Values and Beliefs; Globalized Firms and Management; Government and Politics; Health; Health Pandemics; Leadership; Markets; Safety; Social Issues; Information Technology; Telecommunications Industry; Technology Industry; Consumer Products Industry; Electronics Industry; Health Industry; United States; Europe
McGee, Henry, Nien-hê Hsieh, and Christian Godwin. "Apple: Privacy vs. Safety (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 323-066, January 2023.
- March 1999 (Revised May 1999)
- Case
Network Associates: Securing the Internet
By: Debora L. Spar
Follows one company's path through the uncharted terrain of government regulation and the Internet. In March 1998, Network Associates announced it would begin selling powerful encryption software from its Dutch subsidiary. Such a move looked to the U.S. government like... View Details
Keywords: Internet and the Web; Information Technology Industry; Public Administration Industry; Telecommunications Industry; United States
Spar, Debora L., and Jennifer Burns. "Network Associates: Securing the Internet." Harvard Business School Case 799-087, March 1999. (Revised May 1999.)
- October 2019 (Revised January 2020)
- Case
Fixing Facebook: Fake News, Privacy, and Platform Governance
By: David Yoffie and Daniel Fisher
Mark Zuckerberg founded Facebook based on the idea that connecting people was a fundamentally good thing—and a way to turn a handsome profit. But from the beginning, Facebook received criticism both for how it handled user privacy and how it curated user-generated... View Details
Keywords: Platform; Governance; Privacy; Internet and the Web; Corporate Governance; Ethics; Business and Government Relations; Strategy; Digital Platforms; Web Services Industry
Yoffie, David, and Daniel Fisher. "Fixing Facebook: Fake News, Privacy, and Platform Governance." Harvard Business School Case 720-400, October 2019. (Revised January 2020.)
- 13 Feb 2024
- Cold Call Podcast
Apple’s Dilemma: Balancing Privacy and Safety Responsibilities
Keywords: Re: Nien-he Hsieh & Henry W. McGee
- August 2023
- Supplement
Apple: Privacy vs. Safety (C)
By: Henry McGee, Nien-hê Hsieh and Kerry Herman
In September 2021, Apple decided to delay updates to iOS and iPadOS that included features to fight child sexual abuse. While many—including prominent privacy and security experts—praised Apple, others were opposed. They saw Apple introducing features that risked... View Details
Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Values and Beliefs; Public Opinion; Applications and Software; Leadership
McGee, Henry, Nien-hê Hsieh, and Kerry Herman. "Apple: Privacy vs. Safety (C)." Harvard Business School Supplement 324-033, August 2023.
- May 2004 (Revised March 2005)
- Case
Music Downloads
By: David B. Yoffie and Deborah Freier
Examines the competition between competing music formats. In the '90s, the MP3 format challenged the traditional means of music distribution by allowing for storage of near CD-quality recordings at 1/10th of their previous size. The threat to traditional distribution... View Details
Keywords: Disruption; Music Entertainment; Legal Liability; Distribution; Competition; Internet and the Web; Technology Adoption; Information Infrastructure; Entertainment and Recreation Industry; Music Industry
Yoffie, David B., and Deborah Freier. "Music Downloads." Harvard Business School Case 704-503, May 2004. (Revised March 2005.)
- March 2009
- Article
Risk Management and Calculative Cultures
By: Anette Mikes
Enterprise risk management (ERM) has recently emerged as a widespread practice in financial institutions. It has been increasingly codified and encrypted into regulatory, corporate governance and organisational management blueprints. A burgeoning literature of... View Details
Keywords: Risk Management; Practice; Banks and Banking; Corporate Governance; Value; Business and Shareholder Relations; Managerial Roles; Culture; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Business or Company Management; Financial Services Industry
Mikes, Anette. "Risk Management and Calculative Cultures." Management Accounting Research 20, no. 1 (March 2009): 18–40. (
Winner of David Solomons Prize For the best paper in each annual volume of Management Accounting Research presented by Chartered Institute of Management Accountants
.)- 26 May 2022
- HBS Case
Apple vs. Feds: Is iPhone Privacy a Basic Human Right?
responded to these brewing forces with an improved encryption system that put privacy in the hands of the consumer. The company no longer possessed a master key to devices that government officials could request. Instead, when a user... View Details
Keywords: by Avery Forman
- 02 Oct 2017
- What Do You Think?
Do Bitcoin and Digital Currency Have a Future?
ever about innovative financial endeavors. So that brings me to the subject of digital money or “cryptocurrency,” a form of encrypted digital money. How should we think about the future of a currency that is manufactured (“mined”) and... View Details
- 07 Jan 2015
- What Do You Think?
SUMMING UP: What Are the Limits On Workplace Transparency?
the Internet? How many of us have then received offers for products that we didn't yet know we needed? Organizational transparency today most often is associated with good management practice There is a movement afoot to thwart personal transparency. The market for... View Details
Keywords: by James Heskett
- 24 Sep 2001
- Research & Ideas
Five Questions for Debora L. Spar
companies pushed the U.S. government in the late 1990s into relaxing its rules on encryption exports—a great case of how the Internet would seem to take power away from the state and put it, as Lewis might predict, back into the hands of... View Details
Keywords: by Sean Silverthorne
- 27 Jul 2019
- Op-Ed
Does Facebook's Business Model Threaten Our Elections?
with its Messenger, Instagram and WhatsApp acquisitions. This would create an encrypted messaging platform that would emphasize small groups over public content. While that may seem like a step towards privacy it may have the opposite... View Details
Keywords: by George Riedel
- 07 Jun 2016
- First Look
June 7, 2016
iPhone 6S with enhanced security measures that enflamed a debate on privacy and public safety around the world. The iPhone 6S, amid a heightened concern for privacy following the 2013 revelation of clandestine U.S. surveillance programs, employed a default View Details
Keywords: Sean Silverthorne
- 15 Oct 2001
- Op-Ed
Lessons from the Rubble
policies that reversed the government's historical control over encryption technologies, the complex formulas that allow Internet or cell phone users to scramble, or disguise, their communications. In the late 1990s, the Clinton... View Details
Keywords: by Debora L. Spar
- 10 Apr 2018
- First Look
First Look at New Research, April 10, 2018
Case 318-079 Apple: Privacy vs. Safety (B) This case supplements “Apple: Privacy vs. Safety (A),” covering select events in 2017, including a mass shooting in which U.S. law enforcement was not able to access the shooter’s encrypted... View Details
Keywords: Sean Silverthorne
- 04 Mar 2016
- Research & Ideas
Is E-commerce at Risk in Apple's Security Dispute with the FBI?
customers and their business. One of their main claims to fame, and what they focused on with tokenization and Apple Pay, is their ability to keep things secure by heavily encrypting the data passing through their devices and systems. If... View Details
- 06 Apr 2016
- What Do You Think?
As Tim Cook, How Would You Tackle Apple's Next Challenge?
(NRF) or encrypted lightwaves. Time is a wasting. Lead or get out of the way.” Is product security a potential distraction for Apple’s leadership? What do you think? Original Column We’ve spent the last month discussing issues associated... View Details
- 24 Apr 2020
- Op-Ed
Lessons from the NFL: Virtual Hiring, Leadership, Building Teams and COVID-19
Despite all this, the online draft will certainly not be the same. Apart from the lost entertainment value—NFL draft fashion has become a much-watched spectacle in recent years—there are concerns about potential technical challenges. The draft will be conducted via the... View Details