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- 2017
- Working Paper
Economic Uncertainty and Earnings Management
By: Luke C.D. Stein and Charles C.Y. Wang
In the presence of managerial short-termism and asymmetric information about skill and effort provision, firms may opportunistically shift earnings from uncertain to more certain times. We document empirically that when financial markets are less certain about a firm's... View Details
Keywords: Discretionary Accruals; Uncertainty; Implied Volatility; Earnings Response Coefficient; Risk and Uncertainty; Earnings Management; Financial Markets
Stein, Luke C.D., and Charles C.Y. Wang. "Economic Uncertainty and Earnings Management." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 16-103, March 2016. (Revised April 2017.)
- 2018
- Article
The Role of Overbilling in Hospitals' Earnings Management Decisions
By: Jonas Heese
This paper examines the role of overbilling in hospitals’ earnings management choices. Overbilling by hospitals is a form of revenue manipulation that involves misclassifying a patient into a diagnosis-related group that yields higher reimbursement. As overbilling... View Details
Keywords: Overbilling; Accrual-based Earnings Management; Real Activities Manipulation; For-profit Hospitals; Earnings Management; Health Industry
Heese, Jonas. "The Role of Overbilling in Hospitals' Earnings Management Decisions." European Accounting Review 27, no. 5 (2018).
- September 2006
- Exercise
Earnings Management Exercise
By: Malcolm P. Baker
Students act as managers or investors. Managers have the ability to manipulate reported earnings, and investors must bid for shares taking this into account. View Details
Baker, Malcolm P. "Earnings Management Exercise." Harvard Business School Exercise 207-034, September 2006.
- 24 Mar 2016
- Working Paper Summaries
Economic Uncertainty and Earnings Management
- February 2016
- Article
Labor Unemployment Insurance and Earnings Management
By: Yiwei Dou, Mozaffar N. Khan and Youli Zou
There is relatively little prior evidence on the potential impact of rank and file employees on financial reporting choices outside union negotiations. We contribute to the literature by providing new evidence that firms appear to manage long-run earnings upward in... View Details
Dou, Yiwei, Mozaffar N. Khan, and Youli Zou. "Labor Unemployment Insurance and Earnings Management." Journal of Accounting & Economics 61, no. 1 (February 2016): 166–184.
- 2003
- Article
Confirming Management Earnings Forecasts, Earnings Uncertainty, and Stock Returns
By: Michael B. Clement, Richard Frankel and Jeffrey Miller
In this study we examine the association among confirming management forecasts, stock prices, and analyst expectations. Confirming management forecasts are voluntary disclosures by management that corroborate existing market expectations about future earnings. This... View Details
Clement, Michael B., Richard Frankel, and Jeffrey Miller. "Confirming Management Earnings Forecasts, Earnings Uncertainty, and Stock Returns." Journal of Accounting Research 41, no. 4 (2003): 653–679.
- 2008
- Working Paper
An Investigation of Earnings Management through Marketing Actions
By: Craig James Chapman and Thomas J. Steenburgh
Prior research hypothesizes managers use "real actions," including the reduction of discretionary expenditures, to manage earnings to meet or beat key benchmarks. This paper examines this hypothesis by testing how different types of marketing expenditures are used... View Details
Keywords: Performance Expectations; Earnings Management; Marketing Strategy; Financial Reporting; Brands and Branding; Food and Beverage Industry
Chapman, Craig James, and Thomas J. Steenburgh. "An Investigation of Earnings Management through Marketing Actions." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 08-073, February 2008. (Revised February 2009, December 2009, June 2010, July 2010.)
- October 2002 (Revised March 2004)
- Case
Management Earnings Disclosure and Pro Forma Reporting
Introduces a discussion of management earnings disclosure and the growing use of pro forma reporting by corporations. Highlights the background of pro forma reporting, how it has been used in the past couple of years, and what the regulators at the capital markets... View Details
Bradshaw, Mark T., and Jacob Cohen. "Management Earnings Disclosure and Pro Forma Reporting." Harvard Business School Case 103-005, October 2002. (Revised March 2004.)
- June 2006
- Article
CEO Incentives and Earnings Management
Bergstresser, Daniel B., and Thomas Philippon. "CEO Incentives and Earnings Management." Journal of Financial Economics 80, no. 3 (June 2006): 511–529.
- 13 Mar 2008
- Working Paper Summaries
An Investigation of Earnings Management through Marketing Actions
- March 2009
- Article
Earnings Management and Corporate Tax Shelters, and Book-Tax Alignment
By: Mihir Desai and Dhammika Dharmapala
This paper reviews recent evidence analyzing the link between earnings management and corporate tax avoidance and considers the implications for how policymakers should evaluate the financial reporting environment facing firms. A real-world tax shelter is dissected to... View Details
Desai, Mihir, and Dhammika Dharmapala. "Earnings Management and Corporate Tax Shelters, and Book-Tax Alignment." National Tax Journal 62, no. 1 (March 2009): 169–186.
- December 2014
- Article
Market Competition, Earnings Management, and Persistence in Accounting Profitability Around the World
We examine how cross-country differences in product, capital, and labor market competition, and earnings management affect mean reversion in accounting return on assets. Using a sample of 48,465 unique firms from 49 countries, we find that accounting returns mean... View Details
Keywords: Corporate Performance; Valuation; Equity Valuation; Persistence; Competitive Advantage; Institutions; Earnings Management; Labor Market; Capital Markets; Competition; Profit; Performance; Supply and Industry; Financial Statements; Government and Politics; Globalized Markets and Industries
Healy, Paul M., George Serafeim, Suraj Srinivasan, and Gwen Yu. "Market Competition, Earnings Management, and Persistence in Accounting Profitability Around the World." Review of Accounting Studies 19, no. 4 (December 2014): 1281–1308.
- August 1990
- Article
The Dangerous Morality of Managing Earnings
By: W. J. Bruns Jr. and K. A. Merchant
Bruns, W. J., Jr., and K. A. Merchant. "The Dangerous Morality of Managing Earnings." Management Accounting 71 (August 1990): 22–25.
- May 2008
- Article
Real and Accrual-Based Earnings Management in the Pre- and Post-Sarbanes Oxley Periods
By: Daniel Cohen, Aiyesha Dey and Thomas Lys
We document that accrual‐based earnings management increased steadily from 1987 until the passage of the Sarbanes‐Oxley Act (SOX) in 2002, followed by a significant decline after the passage of SOX. Conversely, the level of real earnings management activities declined... View Details
Cohen, Daniel, Aiyesha Dey, and Thomas Lys. "Real and Accrual-Based Earnings Management in the Pre- and Post-Sarbanes Oxley Periods." Accounting Review 83, no. 3 (May 2008): 757–787.
- 1991
- Article
How Management Bonus Plans Affect Reported Earnings
By: Paul M. Healy
Healy, Paul M. "How Management Bonus Plans Affect Reported Earnings." CPE Program Lesson 90-11. Accounting Today (1991).
- October 2008
- Article
The Effect of Macro Information Environment Change on the Quality of Management Earnings Forecasts
The 1990s were characterized by substantial increases in the performance of and investor reliance on financial analysts. Because managers possess superior private information and issue forecasts to align investors' expectations with their own, we predict that... View Details
Keywords: Information; Performance Expectations; Earnings Management; Financial Reporting; Forecasting and Prediction
Baginski, Stephen P., John M. Hassell, and Michael D. Kimbrough. "The Effect of Macro Information Environment Change on the Quality of Management Earnings Forecasts." Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting 31, no. 3 (October 2008): 311–330.
- Article
Discussion of Earnings-based Bonus Plans and Earnings Management by Business Unit Managers
By: Paul M. Healy
Healy, Paul M. "Discussion of Earnings-based Bonus Plans and Earnings Management by Business Unit Managers." Journal of Accounting & Economics 26, nos. 1-3 (January 1999).
- 2005
- Working Paper
Can Mutual Fund Managers Pick Stocks? Evidence from Their Trades Prior to Earnings Announcements
By: Malcolm Baker, Lubomir Litov, Jessica Wachter and Jeffrey Wurgler
We consider measures of stock-picking skill of mutual fund managers based on the earnings announcement returns of the stocks that they hold and trade. Relative to standard approaches, this approach focuses on an especially informative subset of the returns data,... View Details
Keywords: Stocks; Asset Management; Business Earnings; Forecasting and Prediction; Competency and Skills
Baker, Malcolm, Lubomir Litov, Jessica Wachter, and Jeffrey Wurgler. "Can Mutual Fund Managers Pick Stocks? Evidence from Their Trades Prior to Earnings Announcements." NBER Working Paper Series, No. w10685, February 2005. (First Draft in 2004.)
- 2024
- Working Paper
Private Equity Fund Valuation Management during Fundraising
By: Brian K. Baik
I investigate whether and how private equity fund managers (GPs) inflate their interim fund valuations (net asset values or NAVs) during fundraising periods. Specifically, I study the extent to which the GPs inflate NAVs by managing valuation assumptions (e.g.,... View Details
Keywords: Private Equity; Institutional Investors; Valuation Multiples; Earnings Management; Private Firms; Valuation; Investment Funds
Baik, Brian K. "Private Equity Fund Valuation Management during Fundraising." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 23-013, August 2022. (Revised May 2024.)