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- 2015
- Working Paper
Multi-Product Duopoly With Cross-Product Cost Interdependencies
By: Gary Biglaiser and Andrei Hagiu
Many multi-product firms incur a complexity fixed cost when offering different product lines in different quality tiers relative to the case when offering all products lines in the same quality tier (high or low). Such fixed costs create an interdependency between... View Details
Keywords: Multi-product Duopoly; Vertical Differentiation; Fixed Costs; Cost; Profit; Business Strategy; Duopoly and Oligopoly
Biglaiser, Gary, and Andrei Hagiu. "Multi-Product Duopoly With Cross-Product Cost Interdependencies." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 16-010, July 2015.
- 2013
- Working Paper
The Auditing Oligopoly and Lobbying on Accounting Standards
By: Abigail M. Allen, Karthik Ramanna and Sugata Roychowdhury
We examine how the tightening of the U.S. auditing oligopoly over the last twenty-five years—from the Big 8 to the Big 6, the Big 5, and, then, the Big 4—has affected the incentives of the Big N, as manifest in their lobbying preferences on accounting standards. We... View Details
Allen, Abigail M., Karthik Ramanna, and Sugata Roychowdhury. "The Auditing Oligopoly and Lobbying on Accounting Standards." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 13-054, December 2012. (Revised August 2013.)
- March – April 2009
- Article
Market Research and Innovation Strategy in a Duopoly
By: Dominique Lauga and Elie Ofek
We model a duopoly in which ex-ante identical firms must decide where to direct their innovation efforts. The firms face market uncertainty about consumers' preferences for innovation on two product attributes and technology uncertainty about the success of their R&D... View Details
Keywords: Profit; Innovation and Management; Demand and Consumers; Duopoly and Oligopoly; Research and Development; Competitive Strategy
Lauga, Dominique, and Elie Ofek. "Market Research and Innovation Strategy in a Duopoly." Marketing Science 28, no. 2 (March–April 2009): 373–396.
- 1993
- Chapter
Minerals: Eroding Oligopolies
By: L. T. Wells Jr.
Wells, L. T., Jr. "Minerals: Eroding Oligopolies." In Beyond Free Trade: Firms, Governments, and Global Competition, edited by D. B. Yoffie, 335–84. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press, 1993.
- 16 Apr 2013
- Working Paper Summaries
The Auditing Oligopoly and Lobbying on Accounting Standards
- 24 Aug 2015
- Working Paper Summaries
Multi-Product Duopoly with Cross-Product Cost Interdependencies
- winter 1989
- Article
Price Competition in Multi-Market Duopolies
By: R. Lal and Carmen Matutes
Lal, R., and Carmen Matutes. "Price Competition in Multi-Market Duopolies." RAND Journal of Economics 20, no. 4 (winter 1989).
- 19 Sep 2007
- Working Paper Summaries
Strategic Interactions in Two-Sided Market Oligopolies
Keywords: by Emmanuel Farhi & Andrei Hagiu
- Research Summary
Delegation of Authority in Oligopoly
This paper studies the consequences of product-market competition on firms' decisions to delegate more or fewer decision-making responsibilities to managers. By simultaneously addressing the choice of both competitive actions and organizational design, the paper... View Details
- 2009
- Working Paper
Strategic Interactions in Two-Sided Market Oligopolies
By: Emmanuel Farhi and Andrei Hagiu
Strategic interactions between two-sided platforms depend not only on whether their decision variables are strategic complements or substitutes as for one-sided firms, but also -and crucially so- on whether or not the platforms subsidize one side of the market in... View Details
Keywords: Two-Sided Markets; Strategic Complements; Strategic Substitutes; Cost; Investment; Profit; One-Sided Platforms; Two-Sided Platforms; Duopoly and Oligopoly; Competitive Advantage
Farhi, Emmanuel, and Andrei Hagiu. "Strategic Interactions in Two-Sided Market Oligopolies." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 08-011, August 2007. (Revised February 2009.)
- Article
Market Structure, Oligopoly and the Stability of Market Shares
By: R. E. Caves and M. E. Porter
Caves, R. E., and M. E. Porter. "Market Structure, Oligopoly and the Stability of Market Shares." Journal of Industrial Economics 26, no. 4 (June 1978): 289–313.
- June 2017
- Article
Options Compensation as a Commitment Mechanism in Oligopoly Competition
By: Jun Ishii and David Hao Zhang
We analyze how CEO stock options compensation can be used as a commitment device in oligopolistic competition. We develop a two-stage model where shareholders choose managerial compensation to commit their managers to being aggressive in equilibrium. Our results may... View Details
Keywords: CEO Compensation; Ceo Risk-taking; Strategic Delegation; Stock Options; Executive Compensation
Ishii, Jun, and David Hao Zhang. "Options Compensation as a Commitment Mechanism in Oligopoly Competition." Managerial and Decision Economics 38, no. 4 (June 2017): 513–525.
- December 2022
- Article
When and How Should Firms Differentiate? Quality and Advertising Decisions in a Duopoly
By: Dominique Olié Lauga, Elie Ofek and Zsolt Katona
A prominent hallmark of competitive interaction is the desire to differentiate from rivals. In this article, the authors examine under what conditions firms will differentiate through product quality versus advertising intensity. Firms select quality in a first stage,... View Details
Lauga, Dominique Olié, Elie Ofek, and Zsolt Katona. "When and How Should Firms Differentiate? Quality and Advertising Decisions in a Duopoly." Journal of Marketing Research (JMR) 59, no. 2 (December 2022): 1252–1265.
- 2002
- Other Unpublished Work
Impact of Costing Systems on Pricing Decisions in a Duopoly
By: V.G. Narayanan and Jytte Grambo Larsen
- July 2006
- Article
Dynamic Mixed Duopoly: A Model Motivated by Linux vs. Windows
By: Ramon Casadesus-Masanell and Pankaj Ghemawat
This paper analyzes a dynamic mixed duopoly in which a profit-maximizing competitor interacts with a competitor that prices at zero (or marginal cost), with the cumulation of output affecting their relative positions over time. The modeling effort is motivated by... View Details
Keywords: Open Source Software; Demand-side Learning; Network Effects; Linux; Mixed Duopoly; Competitive Dynamics; Business Models; Duopoly and Oligopoly; Information Technology; Applications and Software; Business Model; Mathematical Methods; Digital Platforms; Profit; Balance and Stability; Management Analysis, Tools, and Techniques; SWOT Analysis; Competition; Price; Information Technology Industry
Casadesus-Masanell, Ramon, and Pankaj Ghemawat. "Dynamic Mixed Duopoly: A Model Motivated by Linux vs. Windows." Management Science 52, no. 7 (July 2006): 1072–1084.
- 2024
- Working Paper
Consumer Inertia and Market Power
By: Alexander MacKay and Marc Remer
We study the pricing decisions of firms in the presence of consumer inertia. Inertia, which can arise from habit formation, brand loyalty, and switching costs, generates dynamic pricing incentives. These incentives mediate the impact of competition on market power in... View Details
Keywords: Consumer Inertia; Market Power; Dynamic Competition; Demand Estimation; Consumer Behavior; Markets; Performance; Competition; Price
MacKay, Alexander, and Marc Remer. "Consumer Inertia and Market Power." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 19-111, April 2019. (Revised January 2024. Direct download.)
- September 1993 (Revised December 1993)
- Background Note
Note on Pricing and Public Policy
Surveys a number of essential issues related to pricing and public policy in market economies. Begins with a brief review of the price-determination process in competitive markets, then examines a range of topics involving pricing and public policy in monopoly and... View Details
Keywords: Price; Business Strategy; Policy; Valuation; Management Analysis, Tools, and Techniques; Competition; Economic Systems; Monopoly; Duopoly and Oligopoly; Cost
Emmons, Willis M., III. "Note on Pricing and Public Policy." Harvard Business School Background Note 794-027, September 1993. (Revised December 1993.)
- 1985
- Working Paper
Sequential Innovation and Market Structure
By: Jerry R. Green and Jean-Jacques Laffont
This paper concerns the introduction of a sequence of new, higher-quality durable products in a market in which there already exists a lower-quality substitute. The product has the further attribute that a real resource cost is incurred at the time a higher-quality... View Details
Green, Jerry R., and Jean-Jacques Laffont. "Sequential Innovation and Market Structure." Harvard Institute of Economic Research Discussion Paper, No. 1185, October 1985.
- 2022
- Article
Dynamic Pricing Algorithms, Consumer Harm, and Regulatory Response
By: Alexander MacKay and Samuel N. Weinstein
Pricing algorithms are rapidly transforming markets, from ride-sharing apps, to air travel, to online retail. Regulators and scholars have watched this development with a wary eye. Their focus so far has been on the potential for pricing algorithms to facilitate... View Details
Keywords: Competition Policy; Regulation; Algorithmic Pricing; Dynamic Pricing; Economics; Law And Economics; Law And Regulation; Consumer Protection; Antitrust Law; Industrial Organization; Antitrust Issues And Policies; Technological Change: Choices And Consequences; Competition; Policy; Price; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Microeconomics; Duopoly and Oligopoly; Law
MacKay, Alexander, and Samuel N. Weinstein. "Dynamic Pricing Algorithms, Consumer Harm, and Regulatory Response." Washington University Law Review 100, no. 1 (2022): 111–174. (Direct download.)
- 2011
- Working Paper
Business Model Innovation and Competitive Imitation: The Case of Sponsor-Based Business Models
By: Ramon Casadesus-Masanell and Feng Zhu
We study sponsor-based business model innovations where a firm monetizes its product through sponsors rather than setting prices to its customer base. We analyze strategic interactions between an innovative entrant and an incumbent where the incumbent may imitate the... View Details
Keywords: Business Model; Innovation and Invention; Market Entry and Exit; Competitive Strategy; Competitive Advantage; Value
Casadesus-Masanell, Ramon, and Feng Zhu. "Business Model Innovation and Competitive Imitation: The Case of Sponsor-Based Business Models." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 11-003, July 2010. (Revised September 2011.)