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    • All HBS Web  (216)
      • Faculty Publications  (21)

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      • June 2025
      • Article

      Outcome and Process Frames: Strategic Renewal and Capability Reprioritization at the Federal Bureau of Investigation

      By: Ryan Raffaelli, Tiona Zuzul, Ranjay Gulati and Jan Rivkin
      [Research Summary]: Framing is critical for leaders who must build support for strategic renewal. While research has concentrated on renewal that replaces one set of capabilities with another, we explore a distinctive challenge: how leaders persuade stakeholders to... View Details
      Keywords: Framing; Stakeholder Management; Capabilities; Transformation; Leading Change; Crisis Management; Resource Allocation; Government and Politics; Business and Stakeholder Relations; Public Administration Industry
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      Raffaelli, Ryan, Tiona Zuzul, Ranjay Gulati, and Jan Rivkin. "Outcome and Process Frames: Strategic Renewal and Capability Reprioritization at the Federal Bureau of Investigation." Strategic Management Journal 46, no. 6 (June 2025): 1325–1362. (Lead article.)
      • April 2024 (Revised December 2024)
      • Case

      Anthropic: Building Safe AI

      By: Shikhar Ghosh and Shweta Bagai
      In late 2024, Anthropic, a leading AI safety and research company, achieved a significant breakthrough with computer use capabilities that allowed AI to interact with computers like humans. Co-founded by former OpenAI employees and known for its generative AI... View Details
      Keywords: AI and Machine Learning; Corporate Accountability; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Business Growth and Maturation; Corporate Strategy; Technology Industry; United States
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      Ghosh, Shikhar, and Shweta Bagai. "Anthropic: Building Safe AI." Harvard Business School Case 824-129, April 2024. (Revised December 2024.)
      • March 2024 (Revised April 2024)
      • Case

      Coursera's Foray into GenAI

      By: Suraj Srinivasan, Michael Parzen and Radhika Kak
      In early 2023, Maggioncalda, CEO of US EdTech firm Coursera, launched Project Genesis to develop a strategy for incorporating GenAI capabilities into the firm's offerings, asking his teams to focus on value to the firm and cost of implementation. The team identified... View Details
      Keywords: Business Model; AI and Machine Learning; Brands and Branding; Business Strategy; Competitive Advantage; Technological Innovation; Education Industry; Technology Industry; United States
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      Srinivasan, Suraj, Michael Parzen, and Radhika Kak. "Coursera's Foray into GenAI." Harvard Business School Case 124-089, March 2024. (Revised April 2024.)
      • February 2024
      • Article

      Diversification as an Adaptive Learning Process: An Empirical Study of General-Purpose and Market-Specific Technological Know-How in New Market Entry

      By: Dominika Kinga Randle and Gary P. Pisano
      An enduring trait of modern corporations is their propensity to diversify into multiple lines of business. Penrosian theories conceptualize diversification as a strategy to exploit a firm’s fungible, yet “untradeable”, resources and point to redeployment of... View Details
      Keywords: Diversification; Market Entry and Exit; Assets
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      Randle, Dominika Kinga, and Gary P. Pisano. "Diversification as an Adaptive Learning Process: An Empirical Study of General-Purpose and Market-Specific Technological Know-How in New Market Entry." Special Issue on Knowledge Resources and Heterogeneity of Entrants within and across Industries. Industrial and Corporate Change 33, no. 1 (February 2024): 238–252.
      • 2023
      • Working Paper

      Navigating the Jagged Technological Frontier: Field Experimental Evidence of the Effects of AI on Knowledge Worker Productivity and Quality

      By: Fabrizio Dell'Acqua, Edward McFowland III, Ethan Mollick, Hila Lifshitz-Assaf, Katherine C. Kellogg, Saran Rajendran, Lisa Krayer, François Candelon and Karim R. Lakhani
      The public release of Large Language Models (LLMs) has sparked tremendous interest in how humans will use Artificial Intelligence (AI) to accomplish a variety of tasks. In our study conducted with Boston Consulting Group, a global management consulting firm, we examine... View Details
      Keywords: Large Language Model; AI and Machine Learning; Performance Efficiency; Performance Improvement
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      Dell'Acqua, Fabrizio, Edward McFowland III, Ethan Mollick, Hila Lifshitz-Assaf, Katherine C. Kellogg, Saran Rajendran, Lisa Krayer, François Candelon, and Karim R. Lakhani. "Navigating the Jagged Technological Frontier: Field Experimental Evidence of the Effects of AI on Knowledge Worker Productivity and Quality." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 24-013, September 2023.
      • Working Paper

      Diversification as an Adaptive Learning Process: An Empirical Study of General-Purpose and Market-Specific Technological Know-How in New Market Entry

      By: Dominika Kinga Randle and Gary P. Pisano
      An enduring trait of modern corporations is their propensity to diversify into multiple lines of business. Penrosian theories conceptualize diversification as a strategy to exploit a firm’s fungible, yet “untradeable,” resources and point to redeployment of... View Details
      Keywords: Growth and Development Strategy; Technology Adoption; Diversification; Market Entry and Exit; Transformation
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      Randle, Dominika Kinga, and Gary P. Pisano. "Diversification as an Adaptive Learning Process: An Empirical Study of General-Purpose and Market-Specific Technological Know-How in New Market Entry." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 23-032, December 2022.
      • 2022
      • Book

      Making Meritocracy: Lessons from China and India, from Antiquity to the Present

      By: Tarun Khanna and Michael Szonyi
      How do societies identify and promote merit? Enabling all people to fulfill their potential, and ensuring the selection of competent and capable leaders are central challenges for any society. These are not new concerns. Scholars, educators, and political and economic... View Details
      Keywords: Merit; Meritocracy; Society; Government and Politics; History; Power and Influence; Leadership; Competency and Skills; China; India
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      Khanna, Tarun, and Michael Szonyi, eds. Making Meritocracy: Lessons from China and India, from Antiquity to the Present. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2022.
      • Article

      The Translucent Hand of Managed Ecosystems: Engaging Communities for Value Creation and Capture

      By: Elizabeth J. Altman, Frank Nagle and Michael Tushman
      Management research has increasingly explored the domains of ecosystems, platforms, and open/user/distributed innovation—governance structures focused on engaging with external communities. While these research areas include substantial empirical and theoretical work... View Details
      Keywords: Ecosystems; Platforms; Open And User Innovation Strategy; Capabilities; Governance; Innovation Strategy; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Value Creation
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      Altman, Elizabeth J., Frank Nagle, and Michael Tushman. "The Translucent Hand of Managed Ecosystems: Engaging Communities for Value Creation and Capture." Academy of Management Annals 16, no. 1 (January 2022): 70–101.
      • 2021
      • Working Paper

      T-Shaped Managers—One Size Does Not Fit All: Exploratory Study from the Military

      By: Hise O. Gibson
      People are an organization’s most important resource. Managers who are collaborative and innovative ensure that organizations remain competitive. This type of manager has been referred to as a T-shaped manager. “T” given that the vertical portion represents the depth... View Details
      Keywords: T-shaped Management; Leader Development; Talent Management; Leadership Style; Leadership Development; Management Skills; Talent and Talent Management
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      Gibson, Hise O. "T-Shaped Managers—One Size Does Not Fit All: Exploratory Study from the Military." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 22-003, July 2021.
      • Article

      Variety of Innovation in Global Value Chains

      By: Giulio Buciuni and Gary P. Pisano
      This article analyzes how the geography and organization of pre- and production stages in Global Value Chains (GVC) contribute to lead firms' innovation development. A novel approach in GVC studies is introduced based on transaction cost economics (TCE) and the... View Details
      Keywords: GVC; Global Value Chains; Manufacturing; Production; Global Range; Innovation and Invention
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      Buciuni, Giulio, and Gary P. Pisano. "Variety of Innovation in Global Value Chains." Art. 101167. Journal of World Business 56, no. 2 (February 2021).
      • 2018
      • Working Paper

      Zig-Zagging Your Way to Transformative Impact

      By: V. Kasturi Rangan and Tricia Gregg
      Achieving transformative impact has been much discussed by social entrepreneurs, funders, and consultants. These discussions have focused on issues of increasing impact and scale, but often with no clear distinction between the two terms. In order to provide clarity,... View Details
      Keywords: Social Entrepreneurship; Performance Efficiency; Growth and Development; Outcome or Result; Strategy
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      Rangan, V. Kasturi, and Tricia Gregg. "Zig-Zagging Your Way to Transformative Impact." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 18-062, January 2018.
      • 2016
      • Working Paper

      The Skills Gap and the Near-Far Problem in Executive Education and Leadership Development

      By: Mihnea Moldoveanu and Das Narayandas
      Executive development programs have entered a period of rapid transformation, driven on one side by the proliferation of a new technological, cultural, and economic landscape commonly referred to as “digital disruption” and on the other by a widening gap between the... View Details
      Keywords: Information Technology; Executive Education; Disruption; Management Skills
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      Moldoveanu, Mihnea, and Das Narayandas. "The Skills Gap and the Near-Far Problem in Executive Education and Leadership Development." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 17-019, September 2016.
      • September–October 2016
      • Article

      Growing New Corporate Businesses: From Initiation to Graduation

      By: Sebastian Raisch and Michael Tushman
      Large companies initiate many new businesses, but few of them reach scale. The ambidexterity literature describes how companies create exploratory businesses, but says little about how they subsequently scale these businesses. The strategy literature uses real option... View Details
      Keywords: Ambidexterity; Comparative Case Study; Corporate Venturing; Exploration; Organization Design; Real Option Theory; Organizational Design; Corporate Strategy; Corporate Entrepreneurship
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      Raisch, Sebastian, and Michael Tushman. "Growing New Corporate Businesses: From Initiation to Graduation." Organization Science 27, no. 5 (September–October 2016).
      • August 2016 (Revised December 2016)
      • Module Note

      Strategy Execution Module 2: Building a Successful Strategy

      By: Robert Simons
      This module reading describes the basics of building a successful strategy. Topics in this module include a discussion of the distinction between corporate and business strategy; how to conduct a SWOT analysis of market dynamics and internal capabilities; the use of... View Details
      Keywords: Management Control Systems; Implementing Strategy; Strategy Execution; Business Strategy; Five Forces; Distinctive Capabilities; Emergent Strategy; Mission Statements; Strategy; SWOT Analysis; Competitive Advantage
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      Simons, Robert. "Strategy Execution Module 2: Building a Successful Strategy." Harvard Business School Module Note 117-102, August 2016. (Revised December 2016.)
      • 2015
      • Working Paper

      A Normative Theory of Dynamic Capabilities: Connecting Strategy, Know-How, and Competition

      By: Gary P. Pisano
      The field of strategy has mounted an enormous effort to understand, define, predict, and measure how organizational capabilities shape competitive advantage. While the notion that capabilities influence strategy dates back to the work of Andrews (1971), attempts to... View Details
      Keywords: Competitive Advantage; Organizations
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      Pisano, Gary P. "A Normative Theory of Dynamic Capabilities: Connecting Strategy, Know-How, and Competition." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 16-036, September 2015.
      • April 2015 (Revised December 2018)
      • Case

      Steve Jobs: Leader Strategist

      By: Cynthia A. Montgomery and David B. Yoffie
      Strategically, Steve Jobs got it brilliantly right some times and terribly wrong other times. This case examines Jobs' development as a leader strategist over the course of his entire career. The successes and failures of Apple, NeXT, and Pixar are used to probe the... View Details
      Keywords: Strategist; Steve Jobs; Apple; Leadership; Competitive Advantage; Personal Development and Career; Strategy
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      Montgomery, Cynthia A., and David B. Yoffie. "Steve Jobs: Leader Strategist." Harvard Business School Case 715-454, April 2015. (Revised December 2018.)
      • Article

      When Does Familiarity Promote Versus Undermine Interpersonal Attraction? A Proposed Integrative Model from Erstwhile Adversaries

      By: Eli J. Finkel, Michael I. Norton, Harry T. Reis, Dan Ariely, Peter A. Caprariello, Paul W. Eastwick, Jenna H. Frost and Michael R. Maniaci
      This article began as an adversarial collaboration between two groups of researchers with competing views on a longstanding question: Does familiarity promote or undermine interpersonal attraction? As we explored our respective positions, it became clear that the... View Details
      Keywords: Attraction; Relationship Stage Model; Adversarial Collaboration; Familiarity; Marketing
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      Finkel, Eli J., Michael I. Norton, Harry T. Reis, Dan Ariely, Peter A. Caprariello, Paul W. Eastwick, Jenna H. Frost, and Michael R. Maniaci. "When Does Familiarity Promote Versus Undermine Interpersonal Attraction? A Proposed Integrative Model from Erstwhile Adversaries." Perspectives on Psychological Science 10, no. 1 (January 2015): 3–19.
      • October 2013 (Revised August 2015)
      • Case

      Outotec (A): Project Capture

      By: Robert J. Dolan and Doug J. Chung
      Outotec was a market leader in providing mining solutions to large mining companies. The company’s specialization and proprietary technology created value for its customers and helped the firm differentiate from its competitors. Yet, Outotec was not pricing or... View Details
      Keywords: Value-based Pricing; Bargaining Power Of Buyers; Marketing; Segmentation; Price; Policy; Sales; Management; Value Creation; Mining Industry
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      Dolan, Robert J., and Doug J. Chung. "Outotec (A): Project Capture." Harvard Business School Case 514-064, October 2013. (Revised August 2015.)
      • October 2013 (Revised August 2015)
      • Supplement

      Outotec (B): Action Plan

      By: Robert J. Dolan and Doug J. Chung
      Outotec was a market leader in providing mining solutions to large mining companies. The company’s specialization and proprietary technology created value for its customers and helped the firm differentiate from its competitors. Yet, Outotec was not pricing or... View Details
      Keywords: Value-based Pricing; Bargaining Power Of Buyers; Marketing; Segmentation; Price; Policy; Sales; Management; Value Creation; Mining Industry
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      Dolan, Robert J., and Doug J. Chung. "Outotec (B): Action Plan." Harvard Business School Supplement 514-065, October 2013. (Revised August 2015.)
      • May 2006 (Revised June 2006)
      • Case

      Codon Devices

      By: Joseph B. Lassiter III and David Kiron
      In December 2005, 40-year-old John Danner was about to make his first presentation to the board of directors of Codon Devices, a one-year-old biotechnology start-up based in Cambridge, Massachusetts. After a month as the company's CEO, Danner was prepared to lay out... View Details
      Keywords: Strategic Planning; Venture Capital; Intellectual Property; Governing and Advisory Boards; Genetics; Competitive Advantage; Science-Based Business; Business Startups; Growth and Development Strategy; Biotechnology Industry; Cambridge
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      Lassiter, Joseph B., III, and David Kiron. "Codon Devices." Harvard Business School Case 806-198, May 2006. (Revised June 2006.)
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