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- December 7, 2022
- Article
Why Decentralized Crypto Platforms Are Weathering the Crash
By: Shai Bernstein and Scott Duke Kominers
In the past year, crypto markets dropped from $2.9 trillion in value to around $800 billion. In the wake of the collapse, crypto lenders and exchanges have been accused of fraud and other wrongdoing. What went wrong? One factor is competition. In theory, competition... View Details
Keywords: Crypto Economy; Cryptocurrency; Financial Complexity; Financial Crisis; Decentralization; Decentralized Markets; Decentralized Autonomous Organizations; Finance; Market Design; Financial Services Industry
Bernstein, Shai, and Scott Duke Kominers. "Why Decentralized Crypto Platforms Are Weathering the Crash." Harvard Business Review Digital Articles (December 7, 2022).
- January 2021
- Article
Turbulence, Firm Decentralization and Growth in Bad Times
By: Philippe Aghion, Nicholas Bloom, Brian Lucking, Raffaella Sadun and John Van Reenen
What is the optimal form of firm organization during “bad times”? We present a model of delegation within the firm to show that the effect is ambiguous. The greater turbulence following macro shocks may benefit decentralized firms because the value of local information... View Details
Keywords: Decentralization; Growth; Turbulence; Great Recession; Organizational Design; System Shocks; Economic Growth; Performance
Aghion, Philippe, Nicholas Bloom, Brian Lucking, Raffaella Sadun, and John Van Reenen. "Turbulence, Firm Decentralization and Growth in Bad Times." American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 13, no. 1 (January 2021): 133–169.
- 2022
- Working Paper
The Limits of Decentralized Administrative Data Collection: Experimental Evidence from Colombia
By: Natalia Garbiras-Diaz and Tara Slough
States collect vast amounts of data for use in policymaking and public administration. To
do so, central governments frequently solicit data from decentralized bureaucrats. Because
central governments use these data in policymaking, decentralized bureaucrats may face... View Details
Keywords: Decentralization; Policy-making; Policy/economics; Policy Evaluation; Governance; Government Administration; Government and Politics; Government Legislation; Policy; Public Opinion; Analytics and Data Science; Latin America; South America; Colombia
Garbiras-Diaz, Natalia, and Tara Slough. "The Limits of Decentralized Administrative Data Collection: Experimental Evidence from Colombia." Working Paper, December 2022.
- 2023
- Working Paper
Pulp Friction: The Value of Quantity Contracts in Decentralized Markets
By: Olivier Darmouni, Simon Essig Aberg and Juha Tolvanen
Firms in decentralized markets often trade using quantity contracts, agreements that specify quantity prior to the point of sale. These contracts are valuable because they provide quantity assurance, as trading frictions could prevent a buyer and seller from matching... View Details
Keywords: Decentralized Markets; Trading Frictions; Market Structure; Transaction Costs; Contracts; Market Transactions; Pulp and Paper Industry
Darmouni, Olivier, Simon Essig Aberg, and Juha Tolvanen. "Pulp Friction: The Value of Quantity Contracts in Decentralized Markets." Working Paper, December 2023.
Centralized Governance in Decentralized Organizations
We systematically document governance centralization in decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs) and study its drivers and economic implications. Using multiple data sources and granular on-chain transactional data, we compare our findings to those in... View Details
- March 2024
- Case
Biomanufacturing Decentralization by Stämm
By: Paul A. Gompers, Jenyfeer Martínez Buitrago and Mariana Cal
In Buenos Aires, Argentina, cousins Llamazares and D’Alvia founded Stämm, a startup based on the idea of decentralizing biomanufacturing processes and downsizing biotech facilities. After raising its seed and series A rounds, and while finalizing its series B round in... View Details
Keywords: Business Model; Business Startups; Entrepreneurship; Venture Capital; Selection and Staffing; Technological Innovation; Science-Based Business; Business Strategy; Commercialization; Growth and Development Strategy; Product Launch; Research and Development; Biotechnology Industry; Latin America; South America; Argentina; Buenos Aires
Gompers, Paul A., Jenyfeer Martínez Buitrago, and Mariana Cal. "Biomanufacturing Decentralization by Stämm." Harvard Business School Case 824-190, March 2024.
International Business and Decentralized Finance
Over the last decade, the green shoots of a new economic order have emerged as decentralized technologies challenge traditional financial systems. Decentralized finance (DeFi) holds the potential to transform international business (IB) by offering accessible... View Details
- 2025
- Working Paper
Centralized Governance in Decentralized Organizations
By: Lin William Cong, Daniel Rabetti, Charles C.Y. Wang and Yu Yan
We systematically document governance centralization in decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs) and study its drivers and economic implications. Using multiple data sources and granular on-chain transactional data, we compare our findings to those in corporate... View Details
Cong, Lin William, Daniel Rabetti, Charles C.Y. Wang, and Yu Yan. "Centralized Governance in Decentralized Organizations." Working Paper, March 2025.
- May 2024
- Case
Uniswap: Decentralized Crypto Trading
By: Marco Di Maggio and Wenyao Sha
Di Maggio, Marco, and Wenyao Sha. "Uniswap: Decentralized Crypto Trading." Harvard Business School Case 224-082, May 2024.
- September 2024
- Article
International Business and Decentralized Finance
By: Campbell Harvey and Daniel Rabetti
Harvey, Campbell, and Daniel Rabetti. "International Business and Decentralized Finance." Journal of International Business Studies 55, no. 7 (September 2024): 840–863. (Perspective.)
- 17 May 2017
- Working Paper Summaries
Turbulence, Firm Decentralization and Growth in Bad Times
- October 2024
- Supplement
a16z: Governance in Decentralized Protocols (B)
By: Shai Bernstein and Liang Wu
Bernstein, Shai, and Liang Wu. "a16z: Governance in Decentralized Protocols (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 825-069, October 2024.
- January 2022
- Article
Artificial Intelligence, Data-Driven Learning, and the Decentralized Structure of Platform Ecosystems
By: David R. Clough and Andy Wu
Gregory, Henfridsson, Kaganer, and Kyriakou (2020) highlight the important role of data and AI as strategic resources that platforms may use to enhance user value. However, their article overlooks a significant conceptual distinction: the installed base of... View Details
Keywords: Artificial Intelligence; Data Strategy; Ecosystem; Value Capture; Digital Platforms; Analytics and Data Science; Strategy; Learning; Value Creation; AI and Machine Learning; Technology Industry; Information Technology Industry; Video Game Industry; Advertising Industry
Clough, David R., and Andy Wu. "Artificial Intelligence, Data-Driven Learning, and the Decentralized Structure of Platform Ecosystems." Academy of Management Review 47, no. 1 (January 2022): 184–189.
- 2010
- Chapter
Is Decentralization Helping the Lagging Regions?
By: Lakshmi Iyer, Ejaz Ghani and Saurabh Mishra
Keywords: Government and Politics; Local Range; Welfare or Wellbeing; Developing Countries and Economies
Iyer, Lakshmi, Ejaz Ghani, and Saurabh Mishra. "Is Decentralization Helping the Lagging Regions?" In The Poor Half Billion in South Asia, edited by Ejaz Ghani. Oxford University Press, 2010. (Non-technical summary: VoxEU .)
- November 2023
- Technical Note
How Decentralized are Layer 1 Protocols? The Costs and Benefits of Decentralization in the Blockchain Ecosystem
By: Marco Di Maggio
Di Maggio, Marco. "How Decentralized are Layer 1 Protocols? The Costs and Benefits of Decentralization in the Blockchain Ecosystem." Harvard Business School Technical Note 224-048, November 2023.
- October 2024
- Case
a16z: Governance in Decentralized Protocols (A)
By: Shai Bernstein and Liang Wu
Bernstein, Shai, and Liang Wu. "a16z: Governance in Decentralized Protocols (A)." Harvard Business School Case 825-068, October 2024.
- 2009
- Chapter
Leading and Creating Collaboration in Decentralized Organizations
By: Heather M. Caruso, Todd Rogers and Max Bazerman
Caruso, Heather M., Todd Rogers, and Max Bazerman. "Leading and Creating Collaboration in Decentralized Organizations." In Crossing the Divide: Intergroup Leadership in a World of Difference, edited by T. Pittinsky. Harvard Business Press, 2009.
- 2008
- Working Paper
A Darker Side to Decentralized Banks: Market Power and Credit Rationing in SME Lending
By: Rodrigo Canales and Ramana Nanda
We use loan-level data to study how the organizational structure of banks impacts small business lending. We find that decentralized banks—where branch managers have greater autonomy over lending decisions—give larger loans to small firms and those with "soft... View Details
Keywords: Organizational Structure; Financing and Loans; Industry Structures; Banks and Banking; Banking Industry; Mexico
Canales, Rodrigo, and Ramana Nanda. "A Darker Side to Decentralized Banks: Market Power and Credit Rationing in SME Lending." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 08-101, June 2008. (Revised January 2011, August 2011.)
- September 2023
- Case
THREAD Research: Decentralized Clinical Trials and Beyond
By: Satish Tadikonda, Amanda McEwen and William Marks