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- January 2004 (Revised March 2004)
- Case
Redesigning Sovereign Debt Restructuring Mechanisms
By: Mihir A. Desai, Christina Pham, Julia Stevens and Kathleen Luchs
How should the debt of sovereign countries be restructured when countries approach default? Anne O. Krueger of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) is proposing a new approach to sovereign defaults: the Sovereign Debt Restructuring Mechanism (SDRM). The SDRM would... View Details
Keywords: Sovereign Finance; Insolvency and Bankruptcy; Globalized Economies and Regions; International Finance; Laws and Statutes; Latin America; Asia; Mexico
Desai, Mihir A., Christina Pham, Julia Stevens, and Kathleen Luchs. "Redesigning Sovereign Debt Restructuring Mechanisms." Harvard Business School Case 204-110, January 2004. (Revised March 2004.)
- July 2002 (Revised March 2003)
- Case
Restructuring Bulong's Project Debt
By: Benjamin C. Esty and Michael Kane
Preston Resources, a small Australian gold mining company, bought the Bulong nickel mine for A$319 million in November 1998 and financed the acquisition by issuing a US$185 million (A$294 million) project bond. At the time, mining had been underway for several months,... View Details
Keywords: Finance; Projects; Restructuring; Bonds; Borrowing and Debt; Business Startups; Insolvency and Bankruptcy; Valuation; Mining Industry; Australia
Esty, Benjamin C., and Michael Kane. "Restructuring Bulong's Project Debt." Harvard Business School Case 203-027, July 2002. (Revised March 2003.)
- Article
The Ownership and Trading of Debt Claims in Chapter 11 Restructurings
By: Victoria Ivashina, Benjamin Iverson and David C. Smith
What is the ownership structure of bankrupt debt claims? How does the ownership evolve though bankruptcy? And how does debt ownership influence Chapter 11 outcomes? To answer these questions, we construct a data set that identifies the entire capital structure for 136... View Details
Keywords: Ownership Structure; Distressed Debt; Trading In Bankruptcy; Restructuring; Capital Structure; Insolvency and Bankruptcy; Ownership; Borrowing and Debt; United States
Ivashina, Victoria, Benjamin Iverson, and David C. Smith. "The Ownership and Trading of Debt Claims in Chapter 11 Restructurings." Journal of Financial Economics 119, no. 2 (February 2016): 316–335.
- July 2002 (Revised June 2003)
- Teaching Note
Restructuring Bulong's Project Debt (TN)
By: Benjamin C. Esty and Michael Kane
Teaching Note for (9-203-027). View Details
- March 2006
- Teaching Note
Redesigning Sovereign Debt Restructuring Mechanisms (TN)
By: Mihir A. Desai and Kathleen Luchs
- March 1996 (Revised June 1998)
- Case
Debt Restructuring Under the Brady Plan
By: Huw Pill and Courtenay Sprague
Pill, Huw, and Courtenay Sprague. "Debt Restructuring Under the Brady Plan." Harvard Business School Case 796-130, March 1996. (Revised June 1998.)
- 1990
- Book
Market-Based Debt Reduction for Developing Countries: Principles and Prospects
By: K. Froot, S. Claessens, I. Diwan and P. Krugman
Keywords: Debt Reduction; Chapter 7; Default; Debt Restructuring; Sovereign Debt; Debt Crisis; Borrowing and Debt
Froot, K., S. Claessens, I. Diwan, and P. Krugman. Market-Based Debt Reduction for Developing Countries: Principles and Prospects. Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 1990.
- February 1989
- Article
Buybacks, Exit Bonds, and the Optimality of Debt and Liquidity Relief
By: K. A. Froot
Keywords: Chapter 7; Debt Reduction; Default; Sovereign Debt; Debt Crisis; Debt Restructuring; Borrowing and Debt
Froot, K. A. "Buybacks, Exit Bonds, and the Optimality of Debt and Liquidity Relief." International Economic Review 30, no. 1 (February 1989): 49–70. (Revised from NBER Working Paper No. 2675, July 1988. Translated into Spanish in Estudios Economicos 4 (July 1989): 31-60.)
- November 2013 (Revised January 2015)
- Case
Restructuring JAL
By: Malcolm Baker, Adi Sunderam, Nobuo Sato and Akiko Kanno
Hideo Seto, the recently appointed chairman of the investment committee of the Enterprise Turnaround Initiative Corporation, must decide whether to push JAL group, Japan's largest airline, into bankruptcy or to act as a sponsor in an out-of-court restructuring. The... View Details
Keywords: Bankruptcy; Costs Of Financial Distress; Cost vs Benefits; Air Transportation; Restructuring; Capital Structure; Insolvency and Bankruptcy; Air Transportation Industry; Japan; United States
Baker, Malcolm, Adi Sunderam, Nobuo Sato, and Akiko Kanno. "Restructuring JAL." Harvard Business School Case 214-055, November 2013. (Revised January 2015.)
- Research Summary
The Ownership and Trading of Debt Claims in Chapter 11 Restructurings (with Victoria Ivashina and David Smith)
This paper explores a novel data set that identifies over 71,000 investors holding debt claims of 136 companies filing for U.S. Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection during the period of 1998 through 2009. We investigate how concentration in debt ownership relates to... View Details
- April 2017 (Revised February 2020)
- Case
Restructuring Ukraine
By: Kristin Mugford, Seema Amble and Tian Feng
In June 2015, Ukraine found itself struggling with a volatile and devalued currency, dramatically diminished foreign reserves, and a projected financing shortfall of $40 billion. Ukraine’s new government sought to return the nation to stability following political... View Details
Keywords: Exchange Rates; Politics; Macroeconomics; Financial Crisis; Insolvency and Bankruptcy; Restructuring; Economy; Currency Exchange Rate; Banks and Banking; Economic Slowdown and Stagnation; Bonds; Sovereign Finance; Capital Markets; Credit; Debt Securities; Financial Liquidity; Financial Markets; Government and Politics; Ukraine
Mugford, Kristin, Seema Amble, and Tian Feng. "Restructuring Ukraine." Harvard Business School Case 217-049, April 2017. (Revised February 2020.)
- April 1997 (Revised February 2001)
- Case
Mexico in Debt
By: Richard H.K. Vietor and Eilene Zimmerman
Describes Mexico's political and economic system in the 1960s and 1970s. Focuses on: 1) the causes of the debt crisis in 1982; 2) elements of President de la Madrid's restructuring efforts between 1982-88; President Salinas's attempts to complete restructuring and... View Details
Keywords: Restructuring; Economic Systems; Financial Crisis; Inflation and Deflation; Macroeconomics; Borrowing and Debt; Government and Politics; Mexico
Vietor, Richard H.K., and Eilene Zimmerman. "Mexico in Debt." Harvard Business School Case 797-110, April 1997. (Revised February 2001.)
- September 2022 (Revised June 2025)
- Case
York Capital CLOs and WorldStrides International
By: Victoria Ivashina and William Vrattos
The case follows the debt restructuring of WorldStrides International, a travel program provider in the education market, after the onset of COVID-19. The pandemic severely impacted the travel industry, creating challenges for many companies like WorldStrides, which... View Details
Keywords: COVID-19 Pandemic; Debt Restructuring; CLO; Compliance; Debt Securities; Financing and Loans; Decision Making; Travel Industry; Education Industry
Ivashina, Victoria, and William Vrattos. "York Capital CLOs and WorldStrides International." Harvard Business School Case 223-034, September 2022. (Revised June 2025.)
- 2024
- Working Paper
Creditor-on-Creditor Violence and Secured Debt Dynamics
By: Samuel Antill, Neng Wang and Zhaoli Jiang
Secured lenders have recently demanded a new condition in distressed debt restructurings: competing secured lenders must lose priority. We model the implications of this “creditor-on-creditor violence” trend. In our dynamic model, secured lenders enjoy higher priority... View Details
Antill, Samuel, Neng Wang, and Zhaoli Jiang. "Creditor-on-Creditor Violence and Secured Debt Dynamics." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 32823, August 2024. (Reject & Resubmit, Review of Financial Studies.)
- August 2016
- Teaching Note
Songy 2011: Restructuring to Survive (Or, Surviving to Restructure?)
By: Charles F. Wu and Alexander W. Schultz
In 2011, Songy Partners, an Atlanta based real estate developer, was facing three distressed investments within their portfolio each with distinct sets of challenges. Having weathered a myriad of issues during the Global Financial Crisis which included operational... View Details
- October 2013
- Case
Oaktree and the Restructuring of CIT Group (A)
By: Victoria Ivashina and David Scharfstein
CIT's prepackaged bankruptcy marked the first time a major financial institution was able to successfully restructure and emerge from Chapter 11 bankruptcy, challenging conventional views that a financial firm could not survive bankruptcy proceedings as a going... View Details
Ivashina, Victoria, and David Scharfstein. "Oaktree and the Restructuring of CIT Group (A)." Harvard Business School Case 214-035, October 2013.
- August 2016 (Revised February 2017)
- Case
Songy 2011: Restructuring to Survive (or, Surviving to Restructure?)
By: Charles F. Wu
In 2011, Songy Partners, an Atlanta-based real estate developer, was facing three distressed investments within their portfolio each with distinct sets of challenges. Having weathered a myriad of issues during the global financial crisis that included operational... View Details
Keywords: Real Estate; Distressed Debt; Global Financial Crisis; Foreclosure; Partnership; Partners and Partnerships; Valuation; Global Range; Insolvency and Bankruptcy; Property; Financial Crisis; Real Estate Industry; Atlanta
Wu, Charles F. "Songy 2011: Restructuring to Survive (or, Surviving to Restructure?)." Harvard Business School Case 217-012, August 2016. (Revised February 2017.)
- 01 Oct 2001
- Research & Ideas
How To Make Restructuring Work for Your Company
Taken together, they suggest there are three critical hurdles or challenges that management faces in any restructuring program: 1. Design. What type of restructuring is appropriate for dealing with the... View Details
Keywords: by Stuart C. Gilson
- February 2003
- Exercise
Restructuring the U.S. Steel Industry: Spreadsheet Exercise
Description of an EXCEL spreadsheet exercise to test the impact of changes in wage rates on the value of debt and equity securities. View Details
- September 2001 (Revised July 2009)
- Case
Buenos Aires Embotelladora S.A. (BAESA): A South American Restructuring
By: Stuart C. Gilson and Gustavo A. Herrero
In 1998, BAESA, PepsiCo's largest bottler and distributor outside North America, experienced severe financial difficulty and had to restructure its debt and business operations to avoid bankruptcy or liquidation. Based in Argentina, with operations throughout South... View Details
Keywords: Restructuring; Borrowing and Debt; Insolvency and Bankruptcy; Bonds; Stocks; Multinational Firms and Management; Laws and Statutes; United States; Argentina; Brazil
Gilson, Stuart C., and Gustavo A. Herrero. "Buenos Aires Embotelladora S.A. (BAESA): A South American Restructuring." Harvard Business School Case 202-009, September 2001. (Revised July 2009.)