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Publications

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    • All HBS Web  (499)
      • Faculty Publications  (32)

      Credit Term HarmonizationRemove Credit Term Harmonization →

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      • 2025
      • Working Paper

      Unwinding Loan Prospecting Pressure Through Renegotiation: The Role of Loan Officer Changes in Debt Contracting

      By: Jung Koo Kang, Regina Wittenberg Moerman and Jessie Cheong
      We examine the impact of loan officer changes on debt contract design. Loan officers play a critical role in initiating and maintaining lending relationships but also face pressure to originate more loans, incentivizing them to offer loan terms more favorable than... View Details
      Keywords: Financing and Loans; Borrowing and Debt; Contracts; Negotiation; Motivation and Incentives
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      Kang, Jung Koo, Regina Wittenberg Moerman, and Jessie Cheong. "Unwinding Loan Prospecting Pressure Through Renegotiation: The Role of Loan Officer Changes in Debt Contracting." Working Paper, March 2025.
      • May 2022 (Revised June 2024)
      • Case

      LOOP: Driving Change in Auto Insurance Pricing

      By: Elie Ofek and Alicia Dadlani
      John Henry and Carey Anne Nadeau, co-founders and co-CEOs of LOOP, an insurtech startup based in Austin, Texas, were on a mission to modernize the archaic $250 billion automobile insurance market. They sought to create equitably priced insurance by eliminating pricing... View Details
      Keywords: AI and Machine Learning; Technological Innovation; Equality and Inequality; Prejudice and Bias; Growth and Development Strategy; Customer Relationship Management; Price; Insurance Industry; Financial Services Industry
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      Ofek, Elie, and Alicia Dadlani. "LOOP: Driving Change in Auto Insurance Pricing." Harvard Business School Case 522-073, May 2022. (Revised June 2024.)
      • Article

      The Harmonization of Lending Standards within Banks through Mandated Loan-Level Transparency

      By: Jung Koo Kang, Maria Loumioti and Regina Wittenberg-Moerman
      We explore whether the introduction of transparent reporting rules increases credit standard harmonization within a bank. We exploit the new loan-level reporting rules imposed on banks that borrow from the European Central Bank using repurchase agreements... View Details
      Keywords: Transparency; External And Internal Reporting; Credit Term Harmonization; Regulatory Scrutiny; Banks and Banking; Credit; Financial Reporting; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Learning
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      Kang, Jung Koo, Maria Loumioti, and Regina Wittenberg-Moerman. "The Harmonization of Lending Standards within Banks through Mandated Loan-Level Transparency." Journal of Accounting & Economics 72, no. 1 (August 2021): 101386.
      • Article

      Credit and Punishment: Are Corporate Bankers Disciplined for Risk-Taking?

      By: Janet Gao, Kristoph Kleiner and Joseph Pacelli
      We examine whether bankers face disciplining consequences for structuring poorly performing corporate loans. We construct a novel data set containing the employment histories and loan portfolios of a large sample of corporate bankers and find that corporate credit... View Details
      Keywords: Syndicated Loans; Credit Events; Career Outcomes; Loan Officers; Banks and Banking; Financing and Loans; Risk Management; Corporate Finance; Personal Development and Career
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      Gao, Janet, Kristoph Kleiner, and Joseph Pacelli. "Credit and Punishment: Are Corporate Bankers Disciplined for Risk-Taking?" Review of Financial Studies 33, no. 12 (December 2020): 5706–5749.
      • 2020
      • Working Paper

      The Myth of the Lead Arranger’s Share

      By: Kristian Blickle, Quirin Fleckenstein, Sebastian Hillenbrand and Anthony Saunders
      We make use of Shared National Credit Program (SNC) data to examine syndicated loans in which the lead arranger retains no stake. We find that the lead arranger sells its entire loan share for 27 percent of term loans and 48 percent of Term B loans, typically shortly... View Details
      Keywords: Syndicated Loans; Lead Arrangers; Financing and Loans
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      Blickle, Kristian, Quirin Fleckenstein, Sebastian Hillenbrand, and Anthony Saunders. "The Myth of the Lead Arranger’s Share." Working Paper, May 2020.
      • February 2019 (Revised January 2020)
      • Case

      Pierre Foods Acquisition of Advance Foods (A)

      By: Guhan Subramanian and Mike Harmon
      This case (A), and its related cases (B-E), establish a setting to discuss an M&A transaction and some of the key legal contracts that are associated with it. In 2010, private equity backed food manufacturer Pierre Foods is contemplating the acquisition of a key... View Details
      Keywords: Mergers and Acquisitions; Contracts; Agreements and Arrangements; Negotiation; Complexity
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      Subramanian, Guhan, and Mike Harmon. "Pierre Foods Acquisition of Advance Foods (A)." Harvard Business School Case 919-022, February 2019. (Revised January 2020.)
      • February 2019 (Revised March 2021)
      • Supplement

      Pierre Foods Acquisition of Advance Foods (D-1): Credit Agreement—Borrower Perspective

      By: Guhan Subramanian and Mike Harmon
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      Subramanian, Guhan, and Mike Harmon. "Pierre Foods Acquisition of Advance Foods (D-1): Credit Agreement—Borrower Perspective." Harvard Business School Supplement 919-027, February 2019. (Revised March 2021.)
      • February 2019 (Revised April 2024)
      • Case

      Pierre Foods Acquisition of Advance Foods (D-2): Credit Agreement—Lender Perspective

      By: Guhan Subramanian and Mike Harmon
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      Subramanian, Guhan, and Mike Harmon. "Pierre Foods Acquisition of Advance Foods (D-2): Credit Agreement—Lender Perspective." Harvard Business School Case 919-028, February 2019. (Revised April 2024.)
      • January 2019
      • Case

      First Aid Beauty

      By: Karen Mills and Annie Dang
      In 2008, Lilli Gordon, an experienced financial and skincare entrepreneur, founded First Aid Beauty (FAB). She had discovered a white space in the prestige beauty market: high-end skin solutions that were suitable for sensitive skin. After initial success through... View Details
      Keywords: Prestige Beauty; Skincare; Preferred Shares; Common Stock; Entrepreneurship; Venture Capital; Private Equity; Decision Choices and Conditions; Beauty and Cosmetics Industry
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      Mills, Karen, and Annie Dang. "First Aid Beauty." Harvard Business School Case 319-082, January 2019.
      • August 2015
      • Article

      Poultry in Motion: A Study of International Trade Finance Practices

      By: Pol Antràs and C. Fritz Foley
      This paper analyzes the financing terms that support international trade and sheds light on how these terms shape the impact of economic shocks on trade. Analysis of transaction-level data from a U.S.-based exporter of frozen and refrigerated food products, primarily... View Details
      Keywords: Risk and Uncertainty; International Finance; Financing and Loans; Trade
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      Antràs, Pol, and C. Fritz Foley. "Poultry in Motion: A Study of International Trade Finance Practices." Journal of Political Economy 123, no. 4 (August 2015): 853–901. (Revised May 2014. Online Appendix.)
      • September 2013
      • Article

      Combining Banking with Private Equity Investing

      By: Lily H. Fang, Victoria Ivashina and Josh Lerner
      Bank-affiliated private equity groups account for 30% of all private equity investments. Their market share is highest during peaks of the private equity market, when the parent banks arrange more debt financing for in-house transactions yet have the lowest exposure to... View Details
      Keywords: Regulation; Private Equity; Leveraged Buyouts; Banks and Banking; Banking Industry
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      Fang, Lily H., Victoria Ivashina, and Josh Lerner. "Combining Banking with Private Equity Investing." Review of Financial Studies 26, no. 9 (September 2013): 2139–2173.
      • 2013
      • Working Paper

      Combining Banking with Private Equity Investing

      By: Lily Fang, Victoria Ivashina and Josh Lerner
      Bank-affiliated private equity groups account for 30% of all private equity investments. Their market share is highest during peaks of the private equity market, when the parent banks arrange more debt financing for in-house transactions yet have the lowest exposure to... View Details
      Keywords: Private Equity; Banks and Banking; Banking Industry; Financial Services Industry
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      Fang, Lily, Victoria Ivashina, and Josh Lerner. "Combining Banking with Private Equity Investing." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 19300, August 2013.
      • May 2013 (Revised June 2014)
      • Case

      Getit

      By: Ramana Nanda and Rachna Tahilyani
      Sidharth Gupta, CEO of Getit Infomediary Ltd, had just received a term sheet from Helion Venture Partners (Helion), one of India's independent venture capital firms, offering to invest Rs 200 million in return for an equity stake in the company. His dream of... View Details
      Keywords: Publishing; Media And Publishing; Entrepreneurial Finance; Venture Capital; Media; Entrepreneurship; India
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      Nanda, Ramana, and Rachna Tahilyani. "Getit." Harvard Business School Case 813-178, May 2013. (Revised June 2014.)
      • 2013
      • Chapter

      Weighted Generating Functions for Type II Lattices and Codes

      By: Noam D. Elkies and Scott Duke Kominers
      We give a new structural development of harmonic polynomials on Hamming space, and harmonic weight enumerators of binary linear codes, that parallels one approach to harmonic polynomials on Euclidean space and weighted theta functions of Euclidean lattices. Namely, we... View Details
      Keywords: Mathematical Methods
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      Elkies, Noam D., and Scott Duke Kominers. "Weighted Generating Functions for Type II Lattices and Codes." In Quadratic and Higher Degree Forms. Vol. 31, edited by Alladi Krishnaswami, Manjul Bhargava, David Savitt, and Pham Huu Tiep, 63–108. Developments in Mathematics. Springer, 2013.
      • August 2012
      • Article

      A Darker Side to Decentralized Banks: Market Power and Credit Rationing in SME Lending

      By: Rodrigo Canales and Ramana Nanda
      We use loan-level data to study how the organizational structure of banks impacts small business lending. We find that decentralized banks-where branch managers have greater autonomy over lending decisions-give larger loans to small firms and those with "soft... View Details
      Keywords: Geographic Location; Customers; Financing and Loans; Credit; Organizational Structure; Banks and Banking; Governance Compliance; Competitive Strategy
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      Canales, Rodrigo, and Ramana Nanda. "A Darker Side to Decentralized Banks: Market Power and Credit Rationing in SME Lending." Journal of Financial Economics 105, no. 2 (August 2012): 353–366.
      • August 2011 (Revised October 2014)
      • Supplement

      High Wire Act: Credit Suisse and Contingent Capital (B)

      By: Clayton S. Rose and Aldo Sesia
      The B case describes the process and terms of the very successful offerings of contingent capital in February 2011, as well as The Basel Committee's preliminary decision not to allow contingent capital to count as Tier 1 equity. View Details
      Keywords: Cost vs Benefits; Decisions; Financial Crisis; Finance; Capital; Financial Instruments; Leadership
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      Rose, Clayton S., and Aldo Sesia. "High Wire Act: Credit Suisse and Contingent Capital (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 312-008, August 2011. (Revised October 2014.)
      • October 2010
      • Supplement

      Belco Global Foods: Spreadsheet Supplement (CW)

      By: C. Fritz Foley and Matthew Johnson
      This case introduces students to the fundamental issues that managers face when deciding what international trade finance terms to use when transacting with other firms. In late 2009, Pam Arnold, the Head of Global Credit at Belco Global Foods must decide which trade... View Details
      Keywords: Customers; Decisions; Trade; Financial Strategy; Governance Compliance; Managerial Roles; Market Transactions
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      Foley, C. Fritz, and Matthew Johnson. "Belco Global Foods: Spreadsheet Supplement (CW)." Harvard Business School Spreadsheet Supplement 211-703, October 2010.
      • October 2010 (Revised November 2010)
      • Case

      Belco Global Foods

      By: C. Fritz Foley and Matthew Johnson
      This case introduces students to the fundamental issues that managers face when deciding what international trade finance terms to use when transacting with other firms. In late 2009, Pam Arnold, the head of global credit at Belco Global Foods, must decide which trade... View Details
      Keywords: Trade; Credit; Financing and Loans; International Finance; Globalized Firms and Management; Food and Beverage Industry
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      Foley, C. Fritz, and Matthew Johnson. "Belco Global Foods." Harvard Business School Case 211-033, October 2010. (Revised November 2010.)
      • September 2010 (Revised October 2010)
      • Background Note

      Note on International Trade Finance

      By: C. Fritz Foley, Matthew Johnson and David Lane
      This note provides an introduction to the financing terms and payment arrangements that support international trade. It describes the principal instruments of trade finance, the limited evidence on their relative use, and the international trade dispute resolution... View Details
      Keywords: Trade; Credit; Financial Instruments; Financing and Loans; International Finance; Conflict and Resolution
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      Foley, C. Fritz, Matthew Johnson, and David Lane. "Note on International Trade Finance." Harvard Business School Background Note 211-007, September 2010. (Revised October 2010.)
      • 2010
      • Working Paper

      Crashes and Collateralized Lending

      By: Jakub W. Jurek and Erik Stafford
      This paper develops a parsimonious static model for characterizing financing terms in collateralized lending markets. We characterize the systematic risk exposures for a variety of securities and develop a simple indifference-pricing framework to value the systematic... View Details
      Keywords: Financial Crisis; Borrowing and Debt; Cost of Capital; Credit; Financing and Loans; Interest Rates; Investment; Framework; Risk and Uncertainty; Financial Services Industry
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      Jurek, Jakub W., and Erik Stafford. "Crashes and Collateralized Lending." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 11-025, September 2010.
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