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      • Faculty Publications  (733)

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      • August 2025
      • Article

      Revenue Collapses and the Consumption of Small Business Owners in the COVID-19 Pandemic

      By: Olivia S. Kim, Jonathan A. Parker and Antoinette Schoar
      Using financial account data linking small businesses to their owner households, we examine how business owners’ consumption responded to changes in business revenues during the COVID-19 crisis. In the first two months following the National Emergency, business... View Details
      Keywords: Revenue; Small Business; Health Pandemics; Spending; Consumer Behavior
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      Kim, Olivia S., Jonathan A. Parker, and Antoinette Schoar. "Revenue Collapses and the Consumption of Small Business Owners in the COVID-19 Pandemic." Art. 104079. Journal of Financial Economics 170 (August 2025).
      • Article

      Using Gen AI for Early-Stage Market Research

      By: James Brand, Ayelet Israeli and Donald Ngwe
      Generative AI, particularly large language models (LLMs), offers a promising new tool for early-stage market research by simulating customer responses to product concepts. This can allow companies to draw conclusions similar to those they’d obtain by surveying... View Details
      Keywords: Large Language Models; Large Language Model; Generative Ai; Artificial Intelligence; Market Research; Research; Marketing; AI and Machine Learning; Analytics and Data Science; Analysis; Customers; Consumer Behavior; Technology Industry; Information Technology Industry
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      Brand, James, Ayelet Israeli, and Donald Ngwe. "Using Gen AI for Early-Stage Market Research." Harvard Business Review (website) (July 18, 2025).
      • July 2025
      • Teaching Note

      Designed for Purpose: “Never a Failure. Always a Lesson”

      By: James Riley and Andrea Dorbu
      In 2017, Rihanna launched Fenty Beauty under LVMH, disrupting the cosmetics industry with an inclusive 'Beauty for All' strategy that emphasized accessibility across skin tones. The brand’s success was followed by the launch of Savage X Fenty, a lingerie line upholding... View Details
      Keywords: Cultural Entrepreneurship; Brands and Branding; Luxury; Consumer Behavior; Market Entry and Exit; United States
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      Riley, James, and Andrea Dorbu. "Designed for Purpose: “Never a Failure. Always a Lesson”." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 426-009, July 2025.
      • July 2025
      • Case

      Designed for Purpose: “Never a Failure. Always a Lesson”

      By: James Riley and Andrea Dorbu
      In 2017, Rihanna launched Fenty Beauty under LVMH, disrupting the cosmetics industry with an inclusive 'Beauty for All' strategy that emphasized accessibility across skin tones. The brand’s success was followed by the launch of Savage X Fenty, a lingerie line upholding... View Details
      Keywords: Cultural Entrepreneurship; Brands and Branding; Luxury; Consumer Behavior; Market Entry and Exit; United States
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      Riley, James, and Andrea Dorbu. "Designed for Purpose: “Never a Failure. Always a Lesson”." Harvard Business School Case 426-008, July 2025.
      • 2025
      • Working Paper

      Designing Consent: Choice Architecture and Consumer Welfare in Data Sharing

      By: Chiara Farronato, Audrey Fradkin and Tesary Lin
      We study the welfare consequences of choice architecture for online privacy using a field experiment that randomizes cookie consent banners. We study three ways in which firms or policymakers can influence choices: (1) nudging users through banner design to encourage... View Details
      Keywords: Consumer Behavior; Decision Choices and Conditions; Welfare; Policy
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      Farronato, Chiara, Audrey Fradkin, and Tesary Lin. "Designing Consent: Choice Architecture and Consumer Welfare in Data Sharing." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 34025, July 2025.
      • July–August 2025
      • Article

      Don’t Let an AI Failure Harm Your Brand

      By: Julian De Freitas
      How companies market their AI systems affects the repercussions they face when their products fail. Marketers must promote their AI products with potential failure in mind. To do that, they must first understand consumers’ unique attitudes toward AI. Marketers who... View Details
      Keywords: AI and Machine Learning; Brands and Branding; Product Marketing; Consumer Behavior; Attitudes
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      De Freitas, Julian. "Don’t Let an AI Failure Harm Your Brand." Harvard Business Review 103, no. 4 (July–August 2025): 126–133.
      • July 2025
      • Module Note

      Supply and Demand for Strategists

      By: Quan Le
      This module note introduces students to the foundational microeconomic principles of supply and demand. It uses the example of an aluminum plant (specifically, production quantity and shutdown decisions) to discuss short-run vs. long-run decisions, marginal costs, sunk... View Details
      Keywords: Business Exit or Shutdown; Business or Company Management; Business Strategy; Competition; Competitive Advantage; Cost of Capital; Cost vs Benefits; Decision Making; Decisions; Demand and Consumers; Economics; Economic Systems; For-Profit Firms; Market Entry and Exit; Market Participation; Markets; Metals and Minerals; Microeconomics; Price; Revenue; Strategy; Supply and Industry; Manufacturing Industry
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      Le, Quan. "Supply and Demand for Strategists." Harvard Business School Module Note 726-352, July 2025.
      • June 2025
      • Case

      Parque del Sendero: Repositioning in the Death Care Industry in Chile

      By: Jill Avery, Andres Cuneo and Marco Bertini
      Facing changing consumer behavior and shifting industry conditions, Parque del Sendero, one of largest networks of cemeteries in Chile, considers repositioning its products to appeal to a broader swath of Chilean customers to fuel growth and a more profitable business... View Details
      Keywords: Consumer Behavior; Positioning; Branding; Marketing; Brands and Branding; Marketing Strategy; Service Industry; Real Estate Industry; Chile
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      Avery, Jill, Andres Cuneo, and Marco Bertini. "Parque del Sendero: Repositioning in the Death Care Industry in Chile." Harvard Business School Case 525-064, June 2025.
      • May–June 2025
      • Article

      Algorithmic Assortment Curation: An Empirical Study of Buybox in Online Marketplaces

      By: Santiago Gallino, Nil Karacaoglu and Antonio Moreno
      Most online sales worldwide take place in marketplaces that connect sellers and buyers. The presence of numerous third-party sellers leads to a proliferation of listings for each product, making it difficult for customers to choose between the available options. Online... View Details
      Keywords: Algorithms; Marketplaces; Marketplace Matching; E-commerce; Demand and Consumers; Customer Focus and Relationships; Market Participation; Technology Adoption
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      Gallino, Santiago, Nil Karacaoglu, and Antonio Moreno. "Algorithmic Assortment Curation: An Empirical Study of Buybox in Online Marketplaces." Manufacturing & Service Operations Management 27, no. 3 (May–June 2025): 917–934.
      • May–June 2025
      • Article

      Balancing Digital Safety and Innovation

      By: Tomomichi Amano and Tomomi Tanaka
      Designers of consumer-facing digital products have tended to focus on novelty and speed (“move fast and break things”). They’ve spent more effort on innovating than on anticipating how customers—and bad actors—might engage with products. But as digital products become... View Details
      Keywords: Technological Innovation; Cybersecurity; Demand and Consumers; Safety
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      Amano, Tomomichi, and Tomomi Tanaka. "Balancing Digital Safety and Innovation." Harvard Business Review 103, no. 3 (May–June 2025): 120–127.
      • Summer 2025
      • Article

      Dynamic Competition for Customer Memberships

      By: Cristian Chica, Julian Jimenez-Cardenas and Jorge Tamayo
      A competitive two-period membership (subscription) market is analyzed. Two symmetric firms charge a “membership” fee that allows consumers to buy products or services at a given unit price for both periods. Firms can choose between long- or short-term memberships. When... View Details
      Keywords: Competitive Price Discrimination; Membership; Dynamic Competition; Competition; Price; Consumer Behavior; Business Model
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      Chica, Cristian, Julian Jimenez-Cardenas, and Jorge Tamayo. "Dynamic Competition for Customer Memberships." Journal of Economics & Management Strategy 34, no. 2 (Summer 2025): 525–556.
      • June 2025
      • Article

      Who Benefits from Online Gig Economy Platforms?

      By: Christopher T. Stanton and Catherine Thomas
      Online labor platforms for short-term, remote work have many more job seekers than available jobs. Despite their relative abundance, workers capture a substantial share of the surplus from transactions. We draw this conclusion from demand estimates that imply workers'... View Details
      Keywords: Gig Economy; Knowledge Workers; Online Platforms; Job Search; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Wages; Demand and Consumers
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      Stanton, Christopher T., and Catherine Thomas. "Who Benefits from Online Gig Economy Platforms?" American Economic Review 115, no. 6 (June 2025): 1857–1895.
      • 2025
      • Working Paper

      An Empirical Examination of Business Climate Alliances: Effective and/or Harmful?

      By: Matteo Gasparini and Peter Tufano
      This research studies business alliances that seek to address climate change, offering empirical evidence to address claims advanced by alliance supporters and critics. We study eleven major alliances mostly focused on financial services firms and 424 major... View Details
      Keywords: Antitrust; Climate Change; Financial Institutions; Competition; Network Effects; Alliances
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      Gasparini, Matteo, and Peter Tufano. "An Empirical Examination of Business Climate Alliances: Effective and/or Harmful?" Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 25-060, May 2025.
      • 2025
      • Working Paper

      The Limits of Insurance Demand and the Growing Protection Gap

      By: Parinitha Sastry, Tess Scharlemann, Ishita Sen and Ana-Maria Tenekedjieva
      In a world with rising risk, how much are U.S. households willing to pay for homeowners insurance, and what does their demand imply for the future of insurance markets? We provide the first estimates of household willingness to pay for homeowners insurance and the... View Details
      Keywords: Climate Change; Risk and Uncertainty; Insurance; Personal Finance; Consumer Behavior; Mortgages
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      Sastry, Parinitha, Tess Scharlemann, Ishita Sen, and Ana-Maria Tenekedjieva. "The Limits of Insurance Demand and the Growing Protection Gap." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 25-054, February 2025.
      • April 2025
      • Article

      Serving with a Smile on Airbnb: Analyzing the Economic Returns and Behavioral Underpinnings of the Host’s Smile

      By: Shunyuan Zhang, Elizabeth Friedman, Kannan Srinivasan, Ravi Dhar and Xupin Zhang
      Non-informational cues, such as facial expressions, can significantly influence judgments and interpersonal impressions. While past research has explored how smiling affects business outcomes in offline or in-store contexts, relatively less is known about how smiling... View Details
      Keywords: Sharing Economy; Airbnb; Image Feature Extraction; Machine Learning; Facial Expressions; Prejudice and Bias; Nonverbal Communication; E-commerce; Consumer Behavior; Perception
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      Zhang, Shunyuan, Elizabeth Friedman, Kannan Srinivasan, Ravi Dhar, and Xupin Zhang. "Serving with a Smile on Airbnb: Analyzing the Economic Returns and Behavioral Underpinnings of the Host’s Smile." Journal of Consumer Research 51, no. 6 (April 2025): 1073–1097.
      • March 2025
      • Article

      Differentiating on Diversity: How Disclosing Workforce Diversity Influences Consumer Choice

      By: Maya Balakrishnan, Jimin Nam and Ryan W. Buell
      Companies are facing increased pressure to “walk the talk” on diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) in their operations. One specific call-to-action from stakeholders is the public disclosure of EEO-1s. Companies with 100+ employees are federally mandated to annually... View Details
      Keywords: Consumer Behavior; Corporate Disclosure; Diversity; Employees; Perception
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      Balakrishnan, Maya, Jimin Nam, and Ryan W. Buell. "Differentiating on Diversity: How Disclosing Workforce Diversity Influences Consumer Choice." Production and Operations Management 34, no. 3 (March 2025): 457–474.
      • Working Paper

      AI in Disguise—How AI-generated Ads' Visual Cues Shape Consumer Perception and Performance

      By: Yannick Exner, Jochen Hartmann, Oded Netzer and Shunyuan Zhang
      Generative AI’s recent advancements in creating content have offered vast potential to transform the advertising industry. This research investigates the impact of generative AI-enabled visual ad creation on real-world advertising effectiveness. For this purpose, we... View Details
      Keywords: Digital Marketing; AI and Machine Learning; Advertising; Consumer Behavior; Advertising Industry
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      Exner, Yannick, Jochen Hartmann, Oded Netzer, and Shunyuan Zhang. "AI in Disguise—How AI-generated Ads' Visual Cues Shape Consumer Perception and Performance." SSRN Working Paper Series, No. 5096969.
      • January 2025
      • Technical Note

      Get Cool: Air Conditioning Industry Background

      By: Rosabeth Moss Kanter and Jacob A. Small
      The “air conditioning paradox” is tied to climate change: the more the planet warms, the greater the need for cooling (due to the dangers of extreme heat as well as comfort within buildings), but the use of electricity-powered AC contributes to further warming. There... View Details
      Keywords: Appliances; Global Warming; Energy Efficiency; Climate Change; Venture Capital; Demand and Consumers; Distribution Channels; Green Technology; United States; Asia
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      Kanter, Rosabeth Moss, and Jacob A. Small. "Get Cool: Air Conditioning Industry Background." Harvard Business School Technical Note 325-077, January 2025.
      • January 2025
      • Case

      Apax Partners: Deciding Whether to Bid for Trader Corp.

      By: Benjamin C. Esty and Edward A. Meyer
      Apax Partners’ investment committee was scheduled to meet on March 21, 2011, to decide whether to invest in Trader Corporation, a Canadian classified advertising business for used automobiles with both print (magazines) and digital (website) distribution. What made... View Details
      Keywords: Value Creation; Network Effects; Private Equity; Growth Management; Digital Marketing; Business Strategy; Competitive Advantage; E-commerce; Valuation; Competition; Digital Platforms; Digital Strategy; Digital Transformation; Transition; Investment; Risk and Uncertainty; Advertising Industry; Auto Industry; Information Industry; Canada; United Kingdom; New York (state, US); New York (city, NY)
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      Esty, Benjamin C., and Edward A. Meyer. "Apax Partners: Deciding Whether to Bid for Trader Corp." Harvard Business School Case 225-032, January 2025.
      • December 2024 (Revised July 2025)
      • Case

      Arcor Group: Navigating Agribusiness Challenges in Argentina

      By: Alberto Cavallo, Jenyfeer Martinez Buitrago and Mariana Cal
      In 2016, Arcor Group, Argentina's leading food company, faced a pivotal decision regarding its newly formed Agribusiness division. CEO Luis Alejandro Pagani and Modesto Magadán, General Manager of the Agribusiness division, evaluated whether to increase investments in... View Details
      Keywords: Factories, Labs, and Plants; Market Entry and Exit; Production; Business Strategy; Growth and Development Strategy; Food and Beverage Industry; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; Argentina
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      Cavallo, Alberto, Jenyfeer Martinez Buitrago, and Mariana Cal. "Arcor Group: Navigating Agribusiness Challenges in Argentina." Harvard Business School Case 725-022, December 2024. (Revised July 2025.)
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