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      • Working Paper

      Shifting Work Patterns with Generative AI

      By: Eleanor W. Dillon, Sonia Jaffe, Nicole Immorlica and Christopher T. Stanton
      We present evidence on how generative AI changes the work patterns of knowledge workers using data from a 6-month-long, cross-industry, randomized field experiment. Half of the 7,137 workers in the study received access to a generative AI tool integrated into the... View Details
      Keywords: AI and Machine Learning; Behavior; Time Management
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      Dillon, Eleanor W., Sonia Jaffe, Nicole Immorlica, and Christopher T. Stanton. "Shifting Work Patterns with Generative AI." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 33795, May 2025.
      • February 2025
      • Case

      Managing Complexity at mymuesli

      By: Thomas Graeber and Stacy Straaberg
      In April 2009, direct-to-consumer e-commerce muesli brand mymuesli faced a flood of customer questions. The breakfast cereal startup enabled users to order personalized muesli on its website by choosing from 75 organic ingredients for a total of 566 quadrillion... View Details
      Keywords: Customer Satisfaction; Decisions; Food; Product Marketing; Product Positioning; Product Launch; Problems and Challenges; Behavior; Competitive Advantage; Customization and Personalization; Segmentation; Internet and the Web; Food and Beverage Industry; Europe; Germany
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      Graeber, Thomas, and Stacy Straaberg. "Managing Complexity at mymuesli." Harvard Business School Case 925-008, February 2025.
      • November 2024
      • Supplement

      AlphaGo (C): Birth of a New Intelligence

      By: Shikhar Ghosh and Shweta Bagai
      This case, the final of a three-part series, explores DeepMind's pivotal transition from mastering games to solving real-world scientific challenges. In December 2020, DeepMind's AI system AlphaFold 2 achieved a breakthrough by solving protein folding—a 50-year-old... View Details
      Keywords: Autonomy; Deep Learning; Drug Discovery; Healthcare Innovation; Neural Networks; Scientific Research; Technology Startup; AI and Machine Learning; Technological Innovation; Research and Development; Business Model; Business Strategy; Open Source Distribution; Technology Industry; United States
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      Ghosh, Shikhar, and Shweta Bagai. "AlphaGo (C): Birth of a New Intelligence." Harvard Business School Supplement 825-075, November 2024.
      • 2025
      • Working Paper

      Generative AI and the Nature of Work

      By: Manuel Hoffmann, Sam Boysel, Frank Nagle, Sida Peng and Kevin Xu
      Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) technology demonstrate a considerable potential to complement human capital intensive activities. While an emerging literature documents wide-ranging productivity effects of AI, relatively little attention has been paid... View Details
      Keywords: Generative Ai; Digital Work; Open Source Software; Knowledge Economy; AI and Machine Learning; Open Source Distribution; Organizational Structure; Performance Productivity; Labor
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      Hoffmann, Manuel, Sam Boysel, Frank Nagle, Sida Peng, and Kevin Xu. "Generative AI and the Nature of Work." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 25-021, October 2024. (Revised April 2025.)
      • June 2024
      • Teaching Note

      Numenta in 2020: The Future of AI

      By: David B. Yoffie
      In 2020, Numenta’s co-founder, Jeff Hawkins, completed his pathbreaking research on artificial intelligence. His co-founder and CEO, Donna Dubinsky, had to find a business model to monetize the technology. This teaching note explores the challenges of building a... View Details
      Keywords: Artificial Intelligence; Monetization; Strategy; Intellectual Property; AI and Machine Learning; Business Model; Entrepreneurship; Technology Industry
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      Yoffie, David B. "Numenta in 2020: The Future of AI." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 724-496, June 2024.
      • March 2024 (Revised April 2025)
      • Case

      TELEXISTENCE Inc.

      By: Paul A. Gompers and Akiko Saito
      A case about a Japanese robotics startup aiming to enter the U.S. market with its robots that combine AI and human intervention to complete restocking tasks in retail stores. View Details
      Keywords: Business Startups; Entrepreneurship; Market Entry and Exit; Technology Adoption; Decisions; AI and Machine Learning; Retail Industry; Technology Industry; Japan; United States
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      Gompers, Paul A., and Akiko Saito. "TELEXISTENCE Inc." Harvard Business School Case 224-031, March 2024. (Revised April 2025.)
      • 2024
      • Working Paper

      The Value of Open Source Software

      By: Manuel Hoffmann, Frank Nagle and Yanuo Zhou
      The value of a non-pecuniary (free) product is inherently difficult to assess. A pervasive example is open source software (OSS), a global public good that plays a vital role in the economy and is foundational for most technology we use today. However, it is... View Details
      Keywords: Valuation; Open Source Distribution; Applications and Software
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      Hoffmann, Manuel, Frank Nagle, and Yanuo Zhou. "The Value of Open Source Software." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 24-038, January 2024.
      • November 2023 (Revised April 2024)
      • Case

      Khanmigo: Revolutionizing Learning with GenAI

      By: William A. Sahlman, Allison M. Ciechanover and Emily Grandjean
      Already a leader in the edtech space since its 2008 launch, Khan Academy was now one of the first edtech organizations to embrace generative artificial intelligence ("genAI"). In March 2023, Khan Academy began beta testing Khanmigo, a genAI “guide” and tutor built with... View Details
      Keywords: Technology Adoption; Leading Change; Entrepreneurship; Risk and Uncertainty; Education; AI and Machine Learning; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Education Industry; Technology Industry; United States; San Francisco
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      Sahlman, William A., Allison M. Ciechanover, and Emily Grandjean. "Khanmigo: Revolutionizing Learning with GenAI." Harvard Business School Case 824-059, November 2023. (Revised April 2024.)
      • November–December 2023
      • Article

      Look the Part? The Role of Profile Pictures in Online Labor Markets

      By: Isamar Troncoso and Lan Luo
      Profile pictures are a key component of many freelancing platforms, a design choice that can impact hiring and matching outcomes. In this paper, we examine how appearance-based perceptions of a freelancer’s fit for the job (i.e., whether a freelancer "looks the part"... View Details
      Keywords: Freelancers; Gig Workers; Demographics; Prejudice and Bias; Selection and Staffing; Jobs and Positions; Analytics and Data Science
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      Troncoso, Isamar, and Lan Luo. "Look the Part? The Role of Profile Pictures in Online Labor Markets." Marketing Science 42, no. 6 (November–December 2023): 1080–1100.
      • October 2023 (Revised June 2024)
      • Case

      ReUp Education: Can AI Help Learners Return to College?

      By: Kris Ferreira, Christopher Thomas Ryan and Sarah Mehta
      Founded in 2015, ReUp Education helps “stopped out students”—learners who have stopped making progress towards graduation—achieve their college completion goals. The company relies on a team of success coaches to engage with learners and help them reenroll. In 2019,... View Details
      Keywords: AI; Algorithms; Machine Learning; Edtech; Education Technology; Analysis; Higher Education; AI and Machine Learning; Customization and Personalization; Failure; Education Industry; Technology Industry; United States
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      Ferreira, Kris, Christopher Thomas Ryan, and Sarah Mehta. "ReUp Education: Can AI Help Learners Return to College?" Harvard Business School Case 624-007, October 2023. (Revised June 2024.)
      • 2023
      • Working Paper

      Navigating the Jagged Technological Frontier: Field Experimental Evidence of the Effects of AI on Knowledge Worker Productivity and Quality

      By: Fabrizio Dell'Acqua, Edward McFowland III, Ethan Mollick, Hila Lifshitz-Assaf, Katherine C. Kellogg, Saran Rajendran, Lisa Krayer, François Candelon and Karim R. Lakhani
      The public release of Large Language Models (LLMs) has sparked tremendous interest in how humans will use Artificial Intelligence (AI) to accomplish a variety of tasks. In our study conducted with Boston Consulting Group, a global management consulting firm, we examine... View Details
      Keywords: Large Language Model; AI and Machine Learning; Performance Efficiency; Performance Improvement
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      Dell'Acqua, Fabrizio, Edward McFowland III, Ethan Mollick, Hila Lifshitz-Assaf, Katherine C. Kellogg, Saran Rajendran, Lisa Krayer, François Candelon, and Karim R. Lakhani. "Navigating the Jagged Technological Frontier: Field Experimental Evidence of the Effects of AI on Knowledge Worker Productivity and Quality." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 24-013, September 2023.
      • September 2023
      • Article

      Top Talent, Elite Colleges, and Migration: Evidence from the Indian Institutes of Technology

      By: Prithwiraj Choudhury, Ina Ganguli and Patrick Gaulé
      We study migration in the right tail of the talent distribution using a novel dataset of Indian high school students taking the Joint Entrance Exam (JEE), a college entrance exam used for admission to the prestigious Indian Institutes of Technology (IIT). We find a... View Details
      Keywords: Higher Education; Immigration; Talent and Talent Management; India
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      Choudhury, Prithwiraj, Ina Ganguli, and Patrick Gaulé. "Top Talent, Elite Colleges, and Migration: Evidence from the Indian Institutes of Technology." Art. 103120. Journal of Development Economics 164 (September 2023).
      • 2023
      • Working Paper

      Leadership and the Value of Persistence

      By: James J. Anton, Alan Jaske and Dennis Yao
      Consider a leader’s decision whether to persist with an unsuccessful R&D project or to terminate the project in favor of a new project with an uncertain value. How does that decision affect the effort exerted by the manager assigned to the project? To study this... View Details
      Keywords: Persistence; Project Evaluation; R&D Project Management; Projects; Decision Choices and Conditions; Leadership
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      Anton, James J., Alan Jaske, and Dennis Yao. "Leadership and the Value of Persistence." Working Paper, January 2023.
      • April 12, 2022
      • Article

      Evaluation of Individual and Ensemble Probabilistic Forecasts of COVID-19 Mortality in the United States

      By: Estee Y. Cramer, Evan L. Ray, Velma K. Lopez, Johannes Bracher, Andrea Brennen, Alvaro J. Castro Rivadeneira, Michael Lingzhi Li and et al.
      Short-term probabilistic forecasts of the trajectory of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States have served as a visible and important communication channel between the scientific modeling community and both the general public and decision-makers. Forecasting models... View Details
      Keywords: COVID-19; Forecasting and Prediction; Health Pandemics; Mathematical Methods; Partners and Partnerships
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      Cramer, Estee Y., Evan L. Ray, Velma K. Lopez, Johannes Bracher, Andrea Brennen, Alvaro J. Castro Rivadeneira, Michael Lingzhi Li, and et al. "Evaluation of Individual and Ensemble Probabilistic Forecasts of COVID-19 Mortality in the United States." e2113561119. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 119, no. 15 (April 12, 2022). (See full author list here.)
      • March 2022
      • Article

      Learning to Rank an Assortment of Products

      By: Kris Ferreira, Sunanda Parthasarathy and Shreyas Sekar
      We consider the product ranking challenge that online retailers face when their customers typically behave as “window shoppers”: they form an impression of the assortment after browsing products ranked in the initial positions and then decide whether to continue... View Details
      Keywords: Online Learning; Product Ranking; Assortment Optimization; Learning; Internet and the Web; Product Marketing; Consumer Behavior; E-commerce
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      Ferreira, Kris, Sunanda Parthasarathy, and Shreyas Sekar. "Learning to Rank an Assortment of Products." Management Science 68, no. 3 (March 2022): 1828–1848.
      • January 2022 (Revised February 2022)
      • Case

      Introducing EVA at ISS: A Better Way to Evaluate CEO Performance and Compensation?

      By: Jonas Heese, Charles C.Y. Wang and James Weber
      In early 2019, Anthony Campagna, the global director of fundamental research at ISS EVA, a unit of the proxy advisory firm Institutional Shareholder Services (ISS), was preparing to release ISS's analyses of public company performance and CEO compensation ahead of Say... View Details
      Keywords: Jobs and Positions; Compensation and Benefits; Performance; Performance Productivity; Measurement and Metrics; Analytics and Data Science; Value; Business or Company Management; Performance Evaluation; Business and Shareholder Relations
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      Heese, Jonas, Charles C.Y. Wang, and James Weber. "Introducing EVA at ISS: A Better Way to Evaluate CEO Performance and Compensation?" Harvard Business School Case 122-061, January 2022. (Revised February 2022.)
      • November 2021 (Revised January 2022)
      • Supplement

      Scott Tucker (B): The Feds Catch Up

      By: Aiyesha Dey and Amram Migdal
      The case tells the story of the rise and fall of Scott Tucker, an entrepreneur, businessman, passionate race car driver, competitor, and owner of a professional racing team. From 1997 to 2012, Tucker built a nationwide network of payday lending businesses, becoming a... View Details
      Keywords: Business Ventures; Crime and Corruption; Ethics; Fairness; Financing and Loans; Personal Finance; Governance; Corporate Accountability; Corporate Governance; Governance Compliance; Governance Controls; Financial Services Industry; United States
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      Dey, Aiyesha, and Amram Migdal. "Scott Tucker (B): The Feds Catch Up." Harvard Business School Supplement 122-032, November 2021. (Revised January 2022.)
      • October 18, 2021
      • Article

      To Regulate Network-Based Platforms, Look at Their Data

      By: Chiara Farronato and Daniel Björkegren
      Historically, antitrust authorities have taken a laissez-faire approach under the assumption that it is better to err on the side of not intervening when there is uncertainty. This has allowed companies like Google and Facebook to go on a shopping spree to acquire... View Details
      Keywords: Antitrust Issues And Policies; Risk and Uncertainty; Digital Platforms; Competitive Advantage; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Innovation and Invention; Information Technology Industry
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      Farronato, Chiara, and Daniel Björkegren. "To Regulate Network-Based Platforms, Look at Their Data." Harvard Business Review Digital Articles (October 18, 2021).
      • May 2021
      • Teaching Note

      From Globalization to Dual Digital Transformation: CEO Thierry Breton Leading Atos Into 'Digital Shockwaves'

      By: Tsedal Neeley
      Teaching Note for HBS Case Nos. 419-027 and 419-046. Thierry Breton, chairman and CEO of IT company Atos, faces a pivotal juncture. After spending eight intense years scaling the company globally to over 100,000 employees in 70 countries, he sees digital shockwaves... View Details
      Keywords: Multinational Firms and Management; Transformation; Strategy; Disruption; Employees; Competency and Skills; Training; Organizational Culture; Digital Transformation; Information Technology Industry
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      Neeley, Tsedal. "From Globalization to Dual Digital Transformation: CEO Thierry Breton Leading Atos Into 'Digital Shockwaves'." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 421-096, May 2021.
      • May 2021
      • Supplement

      Hello Alfred: Come Home Happy — Operating the Business Model Exercise, Instructor Version

      By: Joseph B. Fuller and Christopher Payton
      On a mission to "automate the on-demand economy," Harvard Business School classmates Marcela Sapone and Jessica Beck launched Hello Alfred in 2013 to provide subscribers with an "Alfred" to complete various chores for a monthly fee. In early 2016, the company has built... View Details
      Keywords: Growth and Development Strategy; Internet and the Web; Business Startups; Service Operations; Mobile and Wireless Technology; Service Industry; New York (city, NY); Boston
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      Fuller, Joseph B., and Christopher Payton. "Hello Alfred: Come Home Happy — Operating the Business Model Exercise, Instructor Version." Harvard Business School Spreadsheet Supplement 321-707, May 2021.
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