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- October 2017
- Article
Elevating Repositioning Costs: Strategy Dynamics and Competitive Interactions
By: Anoop R. Menon and Dennis Yao
This paper proposes an approach for modeling competitive interactions that incorporates the costs to firms of changing strategy. The costs associated with strategy modifications, which we term “repositioning costs,” are particularly relevant to competitive interactions... View Details
Keywords: ＂Repositioning Costs; Strategy Dynamics; Strategic Interaction; Capabilities; Cost; Strategy; Change; Game Theory; Organizational Change and Adaptation
Menon, Anoop R., and Dennis Yao. "Elevating Repositioning Costs: Strategy Dynamics and Competitive Interactions." Strategic Management Journal 38, no. 10 (October 2017): 1953–1963.
- March 2019 (Revised January 2021)
- Module Note
Strategic Interactions
By: Ashish Nanda
This note provides a perspective and some tools to predict and shape interactions with other players when making strategic decisions. As a strategist, you must consider that your firm’s actions evoke reactions from other players in the market and that, reciprocally,... View Details
Keywords: Strategic Interaction; Value Capture; Strategy; Value Creation; Competition; Competitive Strategy; Education Industry
Nanda, Ashish. "Strategic Interactions." Harvard Business School Module Note 719-501, March 2019. (Revised January 2021.)
- Article
The Strategy in Competitive Interactions
This paper reviews, discusses, and expands the “core guidance” definition of strategy as “the smallest set of choices to optimally guide (or force) other choices.” It first discusses what this definition contributes to the existing proposed definitions. It then... View Details
Keywords: Strategy Formulation; Strategy Definition; Strategy; Competition; Analysis; Competitive Strategy; Decision Making
Van den Steen, Eric J. "The Strategy in Competitive Interactions." Strategy Science 3, no. 4 (December 2018): 574–591.
- February 2015
- Article
Location Choices under Strategic Interactions
By: Juan Alcacer, Cristian Dezso and Minyuan Zhao
The literature on location choices has mostly emphasized the impact of location and firm characteristics. However, most industries with a significant presence of multi-location firms are oligopolistic in nature, which suggests that strategic interaction among firms... View Details
Keywords: Location Strategies; Multinational Strategy; Oligopolistic Competition; Firm Heterogeneity; Geographic Location; Multinational Firms and Management; Balance and Stability; Decision Choices and Conditions; Game Theory
Alcacer, Juan, Cristian Dezso, and Minyuan Zhao. "Location Choices under Strategic Interactions." Strategic Management Journal 36, no. 2 (February 2015): 197–215.
- July 2001 (Revised December 2001)
- Case
American Express Interactive
Follows the protagonist, Sonia Sharpe, as she and her American Express Interactive Team attempt to develop and market an interactive, on-line, corporate travel service in a highly competitive environment. Looks at the possible resources and partnerships a company needs... View Details
Keywords: Corporate Entrepreneurship; Partners and Partnerships; Growth and Development Strategy; Competitive Strategy; Marketing Strategy; Product Positioning; Applications and Software; Technological Innovation; Global Strategy; Expansion; Information Technology; Vertical Integration; Financial Services Industry; Travel Industry
Applegate, Lynda M. "American Express Interactive." Harvard Business School Case 802-022, July 2001. (Revised December 2001.)
- December 2010
- Article
Life in the Fast Lane: Origins of Competitive Interaction in New vs. Established Markets
By: Eric L. Chen, Riitta Katila, Rory McDonald and Kathleen M. Eisenhardt
Prior work examines competitive moves in relatively stable markets. In contrast, we focus on less stable markets where competitive advantages are temporary and R&D moves are essential. Using evolutionary search theory and an experiential simulation with in-depth... View Details
Chen, Eric L., Riitta Katila, Rory McDonald, and Kathleen M. Eisenhardt. "Life in the Fast Lane: Origins of Competitive Interaction in New vs. Established Markets." Special Issue on The Age of Temporary Advantage. Strategic Management Journal 31, no. 13 (December 2010): 1527–1547.
- Article
The Interactions of Organizational and Competitive Influences on Strategy and Performance
By: Rebecca M. Henderson and Will Mitchell
Henderson, Rebecca M., and Will Mitchell. "The Interactions of Organizational and Competitive Influences on Strategy and Performance." Special Issue on Organizational and Competitive Influences on Strategy and Performance. Strategic Management Journal 18, no. S1 (July 1997): 5–14.
- 08 Jun 2012
- Working Paper Summaries
Location Choices Under Strategic Interactions
Keywords: by Juan Alcacer
- June 2024
- Article
Rationalizing Outcomes: Interdependent Learning in Competitive Markets
By: Anoop R. Menon and Dennis Yao
In this article we use simulation models to explore interdependent learning in competitive markets. Such interactions require attention to both the mental representations held by the management of the focal firm as well as the beliefs of that management about the... View Details
Keywords: Mental Models; Strategic Interactions; Rationalization; Explanation-based View; Competition
Menon, Anoop R., and Dennis Yao. "Rationalizing Outcomes: Interdependent Learning in Competitive Markets." Strategy Science 9, no. 2 (June 2024): 97–117.
- January 2016
- Teaching Note
Take-Two Interactive Software, Inc.
By: Sunil Gupta and Margaret Rodriguez
In September 2010, Take-Two Interactive Software, Inc. (T2) reported an unexpectedly high third quarter profit of $5.92 million, driven largely by the success of its video game, Red Dead Redemption (which sold over 6.9 million copies since launching in May). Red Dead... View Details
- October 2010 (Revised May 2011)
- Case
Take-Two Interactive Software, Inc.
By: Sunil Gupta and Kerry Herman
In September 2010, faced with increasing threat from social game companies such as Zynga, Ben Feder, the CEO of Take-Two Interactive Software. Inc., had to decide the long-term strategy of his video-game company. As a publisher of traditional video games for Xbox 360,... View Details
Keywords: Mergers and Acquisitions; Business Model; Leadership Style; Marketing; Competitive Strategy; Entertainment and Recreation Industry
Gupta, Sunil, and Kerry Herman. "Take-Two Interactive Software, Inc." Harvard Business School Case 511-002, October 2010. (Revised May 2011.)
- September 1998 (Revised February 1999)
- Case
Interactive Insurance Services: Redefining Insurance Distribution
By: Lynda M. Applegate and Marla Malcom-Nagler
Founded in July 1995, Interactive Insurance Services provided personal lines of insurance over the World Wide Web. In June 1996, the company was acquired by Intuit for $7.5 million. The case details the competitive and organizational issues faced by this rapidly... View Details
Keywords: Acquisition; Restructuring; Growth and Development; Distribution; Business Processes; Competitive Strategy; Web; Insurance Industry
Applegate, Lynda M., and Marla Malcom-Nagler. "Interactive Insurance Services: Redefining Insurance Distribution." Harvard Business School Case 399-017, September 1998. (Revised February 1999.)
- 19 Sep 2007
- Working Paper Summaries
Strategic Interactions in Two-Sided Market Oligopolies
Keywords: by Emmanuel Farhi & Andrei Hagiu
- January 2005 (Revised December 2006)
- Background Note
Midway's Entry into Milwaukee: An Interactive Game
By: Dennis A. Yao
Provides background and instructions to the Airline Pricing Game courseware (9-705-802), an interactive simulation of a new entry by a lower cost airline. The courseware allows students to make round-by-round competitive pricing decisions and react to changing market... View Details
- March 2018 (Revised September 2020)
- Background Note
Short Note on Game Theory
By: Eric Van den Steen and Dennis Yao
This note provides a very concise (2 page) introduction to game theory. View Details
Van den Steen, Eric, and Dennis Yao. "Short Note on Game Theory." Harvard Business School Background Note 718-509, March 2018. (Revised September 2020.)
- 2009
- Working Paper
Strategic Interactions in Two-Sided Market Oligopolies
By: Emmanuel Farhi and Andrei Hagiu
Strategic interactions between two-sided platforms depend not only on whether their decision variables are strategic complements or substitutes as for one-sided firms, but also -and crucially so- on whether or not the platforms subsidize one side of the market in... View Details
Keywords: Two-Sided Markets; Strategic Complements; Strategic Substitutes; Cost; Investment; Profit; One-Sided Platforms; Two-Sided Platforms; Duopoly and Oligopoly; Competitive Advantage
Farhi, Emmanuel, and Andrei Hagiu. "Strategic Interactions in Two-Sided Market Oligopolies." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 08-011, August 2007. (Revised February 2009.)
- December 2022 (Revised February 2025)
- Module Note
How Do You Compete and Cooperate? Understanding Strategic Interactions
By: Jorge Tamayo
This module examines how firms interact strategically, both competitively and cooperatively, as they create and capture value. Although the module focuses on strategic interactions between competitors, an organization's relationships with buyers, suppliers, and... View Details
Tamayo, Jorge. "How Do You Compete and Cooperate? Understanding Strategic Interactions." Harvard Business School Module Note 723-406, December 2022. (Revised February 2025.)
- Research Summary
Overview
I study strategic interaction between organizations that operate different business models. View Details
- 01 Apr 2002
- News
Student Conferences Spark Discussion, Promote Interaction
the New Competitive Landscape," brought together some 450 participants to focus on challenges arising from the current political and economic climate. Given the prominence of Fitzhugh's legacy throughout the weekend's events, it was a... View Details
- 2020
- Working Paper
How Competition Affects Contributions to Open Source Platforms: Evidence from OpenStreetMap and Google Maps
By: Abhishek Nagaraj and Henning Piezunka
Open source platforms often face competition from commercial alternatives and yet we lack an understanding of whether and how commercial competition affects contributions to open source platforms. We study how contributions to OpenStreetMap, a widely-used open source... View Details
Keywords: Open Source Platforms; Contributions; Competitive Entry; Impact; Multi-Sided Platforms; Competition
Nagaraj, Abhishek, and Henning Piezunka. "How Competition Affects Contributions to Open Source Platforms: Evidence from OpenStreetMap and Google Maps." Working Paper, February 2020.