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- All HBS Web
(161)
- News (24)
- Research (116)
- Events (1)
- Multimedia (1)
- Faculty Publications (47)
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- May 2019
- Article
A Counterfeit Competence: After Threat, Cheating Boosts One's Self-Image
By: S. Wiley Wakeman, Celia Moore and F. Gino
In six studies, we show that after experiencing a threat to their abilities, individuals who misrepresent their performance as better than it actually is boost their feelings of competence. We situate these findings in the literature on self-protection. We show that... View Details
Keywords: Cheating; Self-perception; Self-protection; Competency and Skills; Identity; Perception; Performance
Wakeman, S. Wiley, Celia Moore, and F. Gino. "A Counterfeit Competence: After Threat, Cheating Boosts One's Self-Image." Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 82 (May 2019): 253–265.
- Article
'Many Others Are Doing It, So Why Shouldn't I?': How Being in Larger Competitions Leads to More Cheating
By: Celia Chui, Maryam Kouchaki and Francesca Gino
In many spheres of life, from applying for a job to participating in an athletic contest to vying for a date, we face competition. Does the size of the competition pool affect our propensity to behave unethically in our pursuit of the prize? We propose that it does.... View Details
Keywords: Unethical Behavior; Cheating; Competitors; Social Norms; Ethics; Behavior; Competition; Societal Protocols
Chui, Celia, Maryam Kouchaki, and Francesca Gino. "'Many Others Are Doing It, So Why Shouldn't I?': How Being in Larger Competitions Leads to More Cheating." Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 164 (May 2021): 102–115.
- August 1981
- Case
West Point: The Cheating Incident (C)
An outline of the Secretary of the Army's decision in the matter of the 1976 cheating scandal at West Point. View Details
Keywords: Higher Education; Ethics; Judgments; Government Administration; Public Administration Industry; Education Industry
Schlesinger, Leonard A. "West Point: The Cheating Incident (C)." Harvard Business School Case 482-006, August 1981.
- March 2014
- Article
Cheating More for Less: Upward Social Comparisons Motivate the Poorly Compensated to Cheat
By: Leslie K. John, George Loewenstein and Scott Rick
Intuitively, people should cheat more when cheating is more lucrative, but we find that the effect of performance-based pay rates on dishonesty depends on how readily people can compare their pay rate to that of others. In Experiment 1, participants were paid 5 cents... View Details
Keywords: Dishonesty; Social Comparison; Pay Secrecy; Motivation and Incentives; Fairness; Decision Making; Compensation and Benefits
John, Leslie K., George Loewenstein, and Scott Rick. "Cheating More for Less: Upward Social Comparisons Motivate the Poorly Compensated to Cheat." Special Issue on Behavioral Ethics. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 123, no. 2 (March 2014): 101–109.
- 18 Dec 2013
- HBS Case
Lessons from the Lance Armstrong Cheating Scandal
Cyclist Lance Armstrong overcame incredible personal adversity to reach the highest levels of success. Then, just as spectacularly, he fell from grace in a public scandal that destroyed not only his reputation, but also the reputations of many others who had devoted... View Details
- August 1981
- Case
West Point: The Cheating Incident (B)
A review of the activities following the expose of the cheating incident at West Point and leading up to the Secretary of the Army's decision on the situation. View Details
Keywords: Higher Education; Ethics; Judgments; Government Administration; Public Administration Industry; Education Industry
Schlesinger, Leonard A. "West Point: The Cheating Incident (B)." Harvard Business School Case 482-005, August 1981.
- June 1981 (Revised February 1983)
- Case
West Point: The Cheating Incident (A)
Presents a review of published data on the 1976 cheating scandal at West Point. Written from the perspective of the Academy Superintendent, it raises issues of ethics, organizational change and action planning in the face of conflicting stakeholder interests. View Details
Keywords: Organizational Change and Adaptation; Higher Education; Ethics; Government Administration; Conflict and Resolution; Planning; Public Administration Industry; Education Industry
Schlesinger, Leonard A. "West Point: The Cheating Incident (A)." Harvard Business School Case 481-117, June 1981. (Revised February 1983.)
- May 2024
- Supplement
GameStop: Social Media Finds a Cheat Code (B)
By: Joseph Pacelli and Sarah Mehta
This case accompanies “GameStop: Social Media Finds a Cheat Code (A),” no. 124-005. It provides an update on pertinent events from 2021 to 2023. View Details
Pacelli, Joseph, and Sarah Mehta. "GameStop: Social Media Finds a Cheat Code (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 124-042, May 2024.
- 27 Feb 2012
- Research & Ideas
When Researchers Cheat (Just a Little)
Leslie K. John is keenly aware of the pressure researchers feel to get results. When her graduate studies in behavioral decision research didn't produce significant findings that led to publication in a prestigious journal, John felt disheartened. "The incentive... View Details
- 05 Aug 2015
- Research & Ideas
How Hormones Foretell Whether People Will Cheat
of whether someone will behave unethically. Two, among those who do cheat, cheating reduces levels of the hormone associated with psychological stress. In other words, people may use cheating as a means of... View Details
Keywords: by Carmen Nobel
- July 9, 2012
- Blog Post
Is It Cheating to Have a Side Project?
By: Leonard A. Schlesinger, Charles F. Kiefer and Paul B. Brown
Schlesinger, Leonard A., Charles F. Kiefer, and Paul B. Brown. "Is It Cheating to Have a Side Project?" Harvard Business Review Blogs (July 9, 2012). https://hbr.org/2012/07/is-it-cheating-to-have-a-side.
- October 2023 (Revised March 2024)
- Case
GameStop: Social Media Finds a Cheat Code (A)
By: Joseph Pacelli and Sarah Mehta
This case covers the events leading up to the 2021 GameStop short squeeze. Using GameStop as an illustrative example, the case explores the rise in retail trading, increased financial information sharing on social media, and the gamification of investing enabled by... View Details
Keywords: Value; Stocks; Financial Markets; Social Media; Investment; Applications and Software; Financial Services Industry; United States
Pacelli, Joseph, and Sarah Mehta. "GameStop: Social Media Finds a Cheat Code (A)." Harvard Business School Case 124-005, October 2023. (Revised March 2024.)
- Article
The Deception Spiral: Corporate Obfuscation Leads to Perceptions of Immorality and Cheating Behavior
By: D.M. Markowitz, M. Kouchaki, J.T. Hancock and F. Gino
In four studies, we evaluated how corporate misconduct relates to language patterns, perceptions of immorality, and unethical behavior. First, we analyzed nearly 190 codes of conduct from S&P 500 manufacturing companies and observed that corporations with ethics... View Details
Keywords: Obfuscation; Corporate Unethicality; Deception; Deception Spiral; Organizations; Values and Beliefs; Ethics; Perception; Behavior
Markowitz, D.M., M. Kouchaki, J.T. Hancock, and F. Gino. "The Deception Spiral: Corporate Obfuscation Leads to Perceptions of Immorality and Cheating Behavior." Journal of Language and Social Psychology 40, no. 2 (March 2021): 277–296.
- June 2024
- Supplement
GameStop: Social Media Finds a Cheat Code – Instructor Template
By: Joseph Pacelli
- September 2013
- Article
Self-serving Altruism? The Lure of Unethical Actions That Benefit Others
By: F. Gino, S. Ayal and D. Ariely
In three experiments, we propose and find that individuals cheat more when others can benefit from their cheating and when the number of beneficiaries of wrongdoing increases. Our results indicate that people use moral flexibility to justify their self-interested... View Details
Keywords: Ethics; Cheating; Morality; Moral Sensibility; Behavior; Decision Choices and Conditions; Attitudes
Gino, F., S. Ayal, and D. Ariely. "Self-serving Altruism? The Lure of Unethical Actions That Benefit Others." Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 93 (September 2013): 285–292.
- Article
Cheating, Inequality Aversion, and Appealing to Social Norms
By: Clara Amato, Francesca Gino, Natalia Montinari and Pierluigi Sacco
We conduct a field experiment involving 143, 9-years old children in their classrooms. Children are requested to flip a coin in private and receive a big or a small prize depending on the outcome they report. Comparing the actual and theoretical distribution of... View Details
Keywords: Cheating; Inequality Aversion; Social Norms; Children; Experiment; Behavior; Equality and Inequality; Moral Sensibility
Amato, Clara, Francesca Gino, Natalia Montinari, and Pierluigi Sacco. "Cheating, Inequality Aversion, and Appealing to Social Norms." Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 179 (November 2020): 767–778.
- March 2011
- Article
Dishonest Deed, Clear Conscience: When Cheating Leads to Moral Disengagement and Motivated Forgetting
By: L. L. Shu, F. Gino and M. H. Bazerman
Keywords: Ethics
Shu, L. L., F. Gino, and M. H. Bazerman. "Dishonest Deed, Clear Conscience: When Cheating Leads to Moral Disengagement and Motivated Forgetting." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 37, no. 3 (March 2011): 330–349.
- August 19, 2015
- Article
The Slow Decay and Quick Revival of Self-deception
By: Zoe Chance, Francesca Gino, Michael I. Norton and Dan Ariely
People demonstrate an impressive ability to self-deceive, distorting misbehavior to reflect positively on themselves—for example, by cheating on a test and believing that their inflated performance reflects their true ability. But what happens to self-deception when... View Details
Keywords: Self-deception; Cheating; Self-enhancement; Positive Illusions; Motivated Reasoning; Perception; Behavior; Ethics
Chance, Zoe, Francesca Gino, Michael I. Norton, and Dan Ariely. "The Slow Decay and Quick Revival of Self-deception." Art. 1075. Frontiers in Psychology 6 (August 19, 2015): 1–6.