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  • All HBS Web  (184)
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  • June 2016 (Revised May 2017)
  • Case

A Note on Activist Investors and the Tech Sector

By: David B. Yoffie and Eric Baldwin
This short note provides background and data on the growing role of corporate activists, especially in high-technology industries. View Details
Keywords: Governance; Activist Investors; Strategy; Investment Activism; Financial Services Industry; Technology Industry
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Yoffie, David B., and Eric Baldwin. "A Note on Activist Investors and the Tech Sector." Harvard Business School Case 716-462, June 2016. (Revised May 2017.)
  • July 2015
  • Exercise

An Activist Approach: Castle Rock-Fultons-Remingtons

By: Guhan Subramanian and Kait Szydlowski
A three party, multiple-issue negotiation exercise dealing with a potential merger between two leading department stores, called for by an activist investor hedge fund in a letter to both companies. Company management will now attempt to navigate next moves, which are... View Details
Keywords: Negotiation; Activist Investors; Takeover Defense; Negotiation Types; Mergers and Acquisitions; Corporate Governance; Investment Activism; Retail Industry
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Subramanian, Guhan, and Kait Szydlowski. "An Activist Approach: Castle Rock-Fultons-Remingtons." Harvard Business School Exercise 916-011, July 2015.
  • 17 Nov 2015
  • Lessons from the Classroom

How Activist Investors Became Respectable

influence that activist investors such as Icahn are gaining on Wall Street.) Carl Icahn made news last month when he announced he had accumulated a large ownership stake in American International Group (AIG)... View Details
Keywords: by Joseph Fuller; Financial Services; Banking
  • July 2015
  • Exercise

An Activist Approach: Confidential Role Assignment for Castle Rock Management

By: Guhan Subramanian and Kait Szydlowski
A three party, multiple-issue negotiation exercise dealing with a potential merger between two leading department stores, called for by an activist investor hedge fund in a letter to both companies. Company management will now attempt to navigate next moves, which are... View Details
Keywords: Negotiation; Activist Investors; Takeover Defense; Negotiation Types; Mergers and Acquisitions; Corporate Governance; Investment Activism; Retail Industry
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Subramanian, Guhan, and Kait Szydlowski. "An Activist Approach: Confidential Role Assignment for Castle Rock Management." Harvard Business School Exercise 916-012, July 2015.
  • May 2014
  • Article

How to Outsmart Activist Investors

By: Bill George and Jay W. Lorsch
We offer opinions on how management and corporate boards of directors can best manage investor relations with activist stockholders such as hedge funds who are demanding major changes within a corporation to improve stockholder return. Beverage industry firm PepsiCo is... View Details
Keywords: Investment Activism
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George, Bill, and Jay W. Lorsch. "How to Outsmart Activist Investors." Harvard Business Review 92, no. 5 (May 2014): 88–95.
  • July 2015
  • Exercise

An Activist Approach: Confidential Role Assignment for Remingtons Housewares

By: Guhan Subramanian and Kait Szydlowski
A three party, multiple-issue negotiation exercise dealing with a potential merger between two leading department stores, called for by an activist investor hedge fund in a letter to both companies. Company management will now attempt to navigate next moves, which are... View Details
Keywords: Negotiation; Activist Investors; Takeover Defense; Negotiation Types; Mergers and Acquisitions; Corporate Governance; Investment Activism; Retail Industry
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Subramanian, Guhan, and Kait Szydlowski. "An Activist Approach: Confidential Role Assignment for Remingtons Housewares." Harvard Business School Exercise 916-014, July 2015.
  • November 2011
  • Case

Brink's Company: Activists Push for a Spin-off

By: Suraj Srinivasan, Aldo Sesia and Amy Kaser
The case studies the decision of the security services corporation Brink's Company to spin-off its home security division from the rest of the company. The decision followed intense pressure on the company by three activist hedge funds that felt that Brink's was... View Details
Keywords: Activist Investors; Spin-off; Leveraged Recapitalization; Debt; Valuation; Hedge Funds; Conglomerates; Investment Activism
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Srinivasan, Suraj, Aldo Sesia, and Amy Kaser. "Brink's Company: Activists Push for a Spin-off." Harvard Business School Case 112-055, November 2011.
  • July 2015
  • Exercise

An Activist Approach: Confidential Role Assignment for Fultons Department Stores

By: Guhan Subramanian and Kait Szydlowski
A three party, multiple-issue negotiation exercise dealing with a potential merger between two leading department stores, called for by an activist investor hedge fund in a letter to both companies. Company management will now attempt to navigate next moves, which are... View Details
Keywords: Negotiation; Activist Investors; Takeover Defense; Negotiation Types; Mergers and Acquisitions; Corporate Governance; Investment Activism; Retail Industry
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Subramanian, Guhan, and Kait Szydlowski. "An Activist Approach: Confidential Role Assignment for Fultons Department Stores." Harvard Business School Exercise 916-013, July 2015.
  • Other Article

How Activist Investors Became Respectable

By: Joseph B. Fuller
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Fuller, Joseph B. "How Activist Investors Became Respectable." Harvard Business School Working Knowledge (November 17, 2015).
  • August 2015 (Revised September 2015)
  • Case

Shareholder Activists and Corporate Strategy

By: David Collis and Ashley Hartman
By 2015, there had been an upsurge in activist shareholders arguing for radical changes in companies' corporate strategies. Personalities like Carl Icahn, Bill Ackman, and Daniel Loeb were feared and loathed in some quarters, celebrated in others. With nearly $120... View Details
Keywords: Scope; Activist Investors; Spin-offs; Synergy; Diversification; Consolidation; Hedge Fund; Corporate Strategy
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Collis, David, and Ashley Hartman. "Shareholder Activists and Corporate Strategy." Harvard Business School Case 716-403, August 2015. (Revised September 2015.)
  • November 2012
  • Teaching Note

Brink's Company: Activists Push for a Spin-off (TN)

By: Suraj Srinivasan
The case this Teaching Note addresses studies the decision of the security services company Brink's Corporation to spin off its home security division from the rest of the company. The decision followed intense pressure on the company by three activist hedge funds that... View Details
Keywords: Activist Investors; Spin-off; Leveraged Recapitalization; Debt; Hedge Funds; Conglomerates; Valuation; Restructuring; Accounting; Business Strategy; Investment Activism; Service Industry
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Srinivasan, Suraj. "Brink's Company: Activists Push for a Spin-off (TN)." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 113-053, November 2012.
  • January 2008
  • Article

When (Not) to Listen to Activist Investors

By: Robin Greenwood and Michael Schor
Keywords: Investment
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Greenwood, Robin, and Michael Schor. "When (Not) to Listen to Activist Investors." Special Issue on HBS Centennial. Harvard Business Review 86, no. 1 (January 2008).
  • May 2015
  • Teaching Note

Aviva Investors

By: George Serafeim
Keywords: Responsibility; Responsibilities To Society; Sustainability; Sustainability Reporting; Corporate Social Responsibility; Corporate Sustainability; Activist Investors; Investment Management; Investment Strategy; Corporate Accountability; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Integrated Corporate Reporting; Environmental Sustainability; Investment Activism
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Serafeim, George. "Aviva Investors." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 115-058, May 2015.
  • May 2017 (Revised October 2017)
  • Teaching Note

eBay vs. Carl Icahn, 2014, and A Note on Activist Investors and the Tech Sector

By: David B. Yoffie and Eric Baldwin
Teaching note to accompany eBay vs. Carl Icahn, 2014, HBS Case #717-417; eBay vs. Carl Icahn, 2014: Interview with John Donahoe, eBay CEO 2008-2015; A Note on Activist Investors and the Tech Section HBS Case #716-462 View Details
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Yoffie, David B., and Eric Baldwin. "eBay vs. Carl Icahn, 2014, and A Note on Activist Investors and the Tech Sector." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 717-510, May 2017. (Revised October 2017.)
  • March 2017
  • Supplement

eBay vs. Carl Icahn, 2014: Interview with John Donahoe, eBay CEO 2008-2015

By: David B. Yoffie, Eric Baldwin and Tom Ryder
This video, a supplement to HBS Case No. 717-417, features an interview with former eBay CEO John Donahoe, providing his perspective on eBay's response to activist investor Carl Icahn's attack on eBay, which began in January 2014. After giving some of his own... View Details
Keywords: Activist Shareholder; Activist Investors; Technology; Strategy; Corporate Strategy; Investment Activism; Financial Services Industry; Retail Industry; Technology Industry
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Yoffie, David B., Eric Baldwin, and Tom Ryder. "eBay vs. Carl Icahn, 2014: Interview with John Donahoe, eBay CEO 2008-2015." Harvard Business School Multimedia/Video Supplement 717-801, March 2017.
  • June 2025
  • Case

Vail Resorts: Responding to Activist Pressure (A)

By: Benjamin C. Esty and Edward A. Meyer
On January 27, 2025, the head of a relatively small hedge fund named Late Apex Partners sent a highly critical letter to the board of directors of Vail Resorts, the world’s largest ski resort operator. In his letter, and the 88-slide presentation that accompanied his... View Details
Keywords: Corporate Finance; Capital Budgeting; Corporate Governance; Competitive Advantage; Competitive Strategy; Leading Change; Valuation; Investment Activism; Climate Change; Management Succession; Financial Management; Risk Management; Business and Shareholder Relations; Sports Industry; Entertainment and Recreation Industry; Travel Industry; United States; Australia; Canada
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Esty, Benjamin C., and Edward A. Meyer. "Vail Resorts: Responding to Activist Pressure (A)." Harvard Business School Case 225-082, June 2025.
  • September 2008 (Revised October 2008)
  • Supplement

Shareholder Activists at Friendly Ice Cream (A2)

By: V.G. Narayanan, Fabrizio Ferri and James Weber
The A1 and A2 versions of the “Shareholder Activists at Friendly Ice Cream (A)” split the original A case into two parts. The A1 case ends as activists Sardar Biglari and Phil Cooley prepare to meet with CEO Don Smith at Friendly's headquarters in September 2006. The... View Details
Keywords: Investment Activism; Business and Shareholder Relations; Governing and Advisory Boards; Conflict and Resolution; Lawsuits and Litigation; Business or Company Management; Food and Beverage Industry; United States
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Narayanan, V.G., Fabrizio Ferri, and James Weber. "Shareholder Activists at Friendly Ice Cream (A2)." Harvard Business School Supplement 109-014, September 2008. (Revised October 2008.)
  • 19 Jan 2011
  • Research & Ideas

Activist Board Members Increase Firm’s Market Value

returns for different firms on October 4, the day the SEC announced the delay. In particular, they compared the return for companies where investors known for being activists held large stakes.... View Details
Keywords: by Carmen Nobel
  • August 2016 (Revised May 2017)
  • Case

eBay vs. Carl Icahn, 2014

By: David B. Yoffie and Eric Baldwin
This case explores Carl Icahn's attack on eBay, starting in January 2014. The case examines how John Donahoe, CEO of eBay, should respond to Icahn's demand that eBay spin off PayPal and accept Icahn's two nominees to the board of directors. View Details
Keywords: Activist Shareholder; Activist Investors; Technology; Strategy; Corporate Strategy; Investment Activism; Financial Services Industry; Retail Industry
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Yoffie, David B., and Eric Baldwin. "eBay vs. Carl Icahn, 2014." Harvard Business School Case 717-417, August 2016. (Revised May 2017.)
  • Article

Investor Activism and Takeovers

By: Robin Greenwood and Michael Schor
Recent work documents large positive abnormal returns around the time that a hedge fund announces its activist intentions with a publicly listed firm. We show that these returns are largely explained by the ability of activists to force target firms into a takeover: In... View Details
Keywords: Mergers and Acquisitions; Private Equity; Investment Return; Investment Activism; Investment Portfolio; Public Ownership
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Greenwood, Robin, and Michael Schor. "Investor Activism and Takeovers." Journal of Financial Economics 92, no. 3 (June 2009): 362–375.
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