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- All HBS Web
(733)
- People (2)
- News (42)
- Research (639)
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- Faculty Publications (58)
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- August 2013
- Technical Note
Raising the Level of Abstraction
By: Willy Shih
This technical note discusses abstraction as a way of generalizing a process or component for wider application. By hiding complexity inside a module, abstraction enables system designers to think at a higher level. This lowers entry barriers to using (and reusing) a... View Details
Keywords: Abstraction; Modularity; Commercialization; Information Technology; Information Infrastructure; Information Technology; Applications and Software; Digital Platforms; United States; Asia; Europe
Shih, Willy. "Raising the Level of Abstraction." Harvard Business School Technical Note 614-019, August 2013.
- March 2020
- Article
Gender Differences in Communicative Abstraction
By: Priyanka D. Joshi, Cheryl J. Wakslak, Gil Appel and Laura Huang
Drawing on construal level theory, which suggests that experiencing a communicative audience as proximal rather than distal leads speakers to frame messages more concretely, we examine gender difference in linguistic abstraction. In a meta-analysis of prior studies... View Details
Joshi, Priyanka D., Cheryl J. Wakslak, Gil Appel, and Laura Huang. "Gender Differences in Communicative Abstraction." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 118, no. 3 (March 2020): 417–435.
- March 2021
- Article
Increasing the Level of Abstraction as a Strategy for Accelerating the Adoption of Complex Technologies
By: Willy C. Shih
Many new technologies are complex and embody high levels of technical sophistication, and applying them should require significant knowledge and experience. Yet, the rapid adoption and incorporation of these technologies into other innovations seems inconsistent with... View Details
Keywords: Abstraction; Technological And Scientific Innovation; Technological Progress; Diffusion Of Innovation; Technology Adoption; Technological Innovation; Complexity; Information Technology; Strategy
Shih, Willy C. "Increasing the Level of Abstraction as a Strategy for Accelerating the Adoption of Complex Technologies." Strategy Science 6, no. 1 (March 2021): 54–61. (ISSN 2333-2050 (print), ISSN 2333-2077 (online))
- 2011
- Chapter
Knowledge Structures and Innovation: Useful Abstractions and Unanswered Questions
By: Gautam Ahuja and Elena Novelli
We examine the received research on organizational knowledge structures with a special focus on their link to innovation. We note that the literature has used the term knowledge structure to represent three quite distinct components of organizational knowledge: the... View Details
Ahuja, Gautam, and Elena Novelli. "Knowledge Structures and Innovation: Useful Abstractions and Unanswered Questions." Chap. 25 in Handbook of Organizational Learning and Knowledge Management. 2nd ed. by M. Easterby-Smith and M. Lyles, 551–578. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, 2011.
- December 2007
- Article
Psychology and Experimental Economics: A Gap in Abstraction
By: Dan Ariely and Michael I. Norton
Ariely, Dan, and Michael I. Norton. "Psychology and Experimental Economics: A Gap in Abstraction." Current Directions in Psychological Science 16, no. 6 (December 2007): 336–339.
- May 1983
- Article
Optimality Conditions and Strong Duality in Abstract and Continuous Time Linear Programming
By: André Perold and R. Meidan
Keywords: Mathematical Methods
Perold, André, and R. Meidan. "Optimality Conditions and Strong Duality in Abstract and Continuous Time Linear Programming." Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications 40, no. 1 (May 1983): 61–76.
- October 2012 (Revised August 2013)
- Case
Global Unichip Corporation (A)
By: Willy Shih and Chen-Fu Chien
Global Unichip Corporation (GUC) is a design services company that acts as a front-end to TSMC, the world's largest semiconductor foundry. In so doing, it masked the complexity of the latest process technologies, and reduced the entry barriers for small firms to... View Details
Keywords: Abstraction; Value-network; Entry Barriers; Intermediaries; Dis-intermediation; Aggregator; Vertical Specialization; Technology Adoption; Digital Platforms; Competitive Strategy; Corporate Strategy; Horizontal Integration; Vertical Integration; Technological Innovation; Innovation Strategy; Innovation and Management; Industry Structures; Information Infrastructure; Complexity; Information Technology; Semiconductor Industry; Technology Industry; Telecommunications Industry; Taiwan
Shih, Willy, and Chen-Fu Chien. "Global Unichip Corporation (A)." Harvard Business School Case 613-048, October 2012. (Revised August 2013.)
- November 2012 (Revised August 2013)
- Supplement
Global Unichip Corporation (B)
By: Willy Shih and Chen-Fu Chien
Jim Lai, President of Global Unichip Corporation (GUC), mapped out the changes he saw coming to the global semiconductor industry. The big question was how many system developers would start coming directly to GUC. View Details
Keywords: Abstraction; Value-network; Vertical Integration; Entry Barriers; Intermediaries; Dis-intermediation; Aggregator; Vertical Specialization; Technology Adoption; Digital Platforms; Competitive Strategy; Corporate Strategy; Integration; Technological Innovation; Innovation Strategy; Innovation and Management; Industry Structures; Information Infrastructure; Information Technology; Complexity; Semiconductor Industry; Technology Industry; Telecommunications Industry; Taiwan
Shih, Willy, and Chen-Fu Chien. "Global Unichip Corporation (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 613-049, November 2012. (Revised August 2013.)
- 12 Aug 2018 - 14 Aug 2018
- Conference Presentation
Abstraction, Knowledge Flows, and the Rapid Dissemination of Emerging Technologies
By: Willy C. Shih
Many emerging technologies are remarkably complex and embody high levels of technological sophistication, and they often are key enablers for new products and services. Yet the speed of dispersal of the know-how required to employ these technologies and foster... View Details
- Research Summary
Understanding Customers
(To learn about Luc Wathieu's MBA course, please scroll down to the last abstract below.) View Details
- November 2015
- Article
The Highest Form of Intelligence: Sarcasm Increases Creativity for Both Expressers and Recipients
By: Li Huang, F. Gino and Adam D. Galinsky
Sarcasm is ubiquitous in organizations. Despite its prevalence, we know surprisingly little about the cognitive experiences of sarcastic expressers and recipients or their behavioral implications. The current research proposes and tests a novel theoretical model in... View Details
Huang, Li, F. Gino, and Adam D. Galinsky. "The Highest Form of Intelligence: Sarcasm Increases Creativity for Both Expressers and Recipients." Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 131 (November 2015): 162–177.
- January 2024 (Revised February 2024)
- Technical Note
Computer Science for Strategists
By: Andy Wu and Matt Higgins
Two of the most important computer science principles in the technology industry are abstraction and platformization. Our aim with this note is to explain these concepts in an approachable way that brings managers and computer scientists a little closer together. View Details
Wu, Andy, and Matt Higgins. "Computer Science for Strategists." Harvard Business School Technical Note 724-429, January 2024. (Revised February 2024.)
- 03 Jun 2019
- Working Paper Summaries
Memory and Representativeness
- January 22, 2015
- Other Article
Are Capital Controls Effective? Firm-level Evidence from Brazil
By: Laura Alfaro, Anusha Chari and Fabio Kanczuk
Capital controls are back in fashion. This column discusses new firm-level evidence from Brazil showing that capital controls segment international financial markets, reduce external financing, and lower firm-level investment. They disproportionately affect small,... View Details
Alfaro, Laura, Anusha Chari, and Fabio Kanczuk. "Are Capital Controls Effective? Firm-level Evidence from Brazil." Vox, CEPR Policy Portal (January 22, 2015).
- October 2001 (Revised December 2001)
- Background Note
Extraterritorial Applications of Antitrust Law: U.S. and Japanese Approaches
By: Guhan Subramanian and Michelle Kalka
This case describes the differebt approaches the United States and Japan have taken to extend the jurisdiction of their antitrust laws to foreign companies. The section on the United States, in particular, focuses on the evolving logic of the Supreme Court in dealing... View Details
Keywords: Laws and Statutes; Lawfulness; Government Legislation; Policy; Business or Company Management; Government and Politics; Pulp and Paper Industry; United States; Japan
Subramanian, Guhan, and Michelle Kalka. "Extraterritorial Applications of Antitrust Law: U.S. and Japanese Approaches." Harvard Business School Background Note 902-067, October 2001. (Revised December 2001.)
- 2022
- Working Paper
Stories, Statistics and Memory
By: Thomas Graeber, Christopher Roth and Florian Zimmermann
For most decisions, we rely on information encountered over the course of days,
months or years. We consume this information in various forms, including abstract
summaries of multiple data points – statistics – and contextualized anecdotes about
individual instances... View Details
Graeber, Thomas, Christopher Roth, and Florian Zimmermann. "Stories, Statistics and Memory." Working Paper, December 2022.
- Summer 2018
- Article
Why High-Tech Commoditization Is Accelerating
By: Willy C. Shih
Knowledge embedded within state-of-the-art production and design tools is a powerful force that is leveling the global technology playing field. It democratizes innovation and makes future competition more challenging. This paper describes the knowledge flows through... View Details
Keywords: Product Design; Product Commercialization; Product Development; Product Development Strategy; Production; Manufacturing Tools; Manufacturing; Manufacturing Industry; Engineering; Globalization; Goods and Commodities; Knowledge; Commercialization; Business Strategy; Corporate Strategy; Information Infrastructure; Technology Adoption; Consumer Products Industry; Auto Industry; Semiconductor Industry; Electronics Industry; Industrial Products Industry; Information Technology Industry; North America; Asia
Shih, Willy C. "Why High-Tech Commoditization Is Accelerating." Art. 59420. MIT Sloan Management Review 59, no. 4 (Summer 2018): 53–58.
- 2014
- Chapter
Mergers and Acquisitions and Innovation
By: Gautam Ahuja and Elena Novelli
This article (a) identifies the different theoretical perspectives and abstractions used to conceptualize the M&A–Innovation relationship; (b) reviews the literature on antecedents, consequences, and integration of M&A in the context of innovation; and (c) identifies... View Details
Keywords: Mergers; Acquisitions; Innovation; Knowledge-bases; Knowledge; Mergers and Acquisitions; Innovation and Invention
Ahuja, Gautam, and Elena Novelli. "Mergers and Acquisitions and Innovation." Chap. 29 in The Oxford Handbook of Innovation Management, edited by Mark Dodgson, David Gann, and Nelson Phillips, 579–599. Oxford University Press, 2014.
- 2020
- Working Paper
The Impact of CEOs in the Public Sector: Evidence from the English NHS
By: Katharina Janke, Carol Propper and Raffaella Sadun
Abstract
Governments worldwide have sought to reform the delivery of public services by mimicking private sector governance models that grant CEOs greater autonomy and give them responsibility for meeting key government targets. We examine the effectiveness of this... View Details
Janke, Katharina, Carol Propper, and Raffaella Sadun. "The Impact of CEOs in the Public Sector: Evidence from the English NHS." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 18-075, March 2018. (Revised September 2020.)
- March 2020
- Article
Do Managers Matter? A Natural Experiment from 42 R&D Labs in India
By: Prithwiraj Choudhury, Tarun Khanna and Christos A. Makridis
We exploit plausibly exogenous variation in the staggered entry of new managers into India’s 42 public R&D labs between 1994 and 2006 to study how alignment between the CEO and middle-level managers affect research productivity. We show that the introduction of new lab... View Details
Keywords: Incentives; Innovation; Productivity; Management; Alignment; Research and Development; Innovation and Invention; Performance Productivity; India
Choudhury, Prithwiraj, Tarun Khanna, and Christos A. Makridis. "Do Managers Matter? A Natural Experiment from 42 R&D Labs in India." Journal of Law, Economics & Organization 36, no. 1 (March 2020): 47–83.