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      • February 1982 (Revised June 1990)
      • Case

      Massey-Ferguson Ltd.—1980

      By: Carliss Y. Baldwin and Scott P. Mason
      Massey Ferguson began fiscal year 1981 in default on $2.5 billion of outstanding debt. The company's future depends on the ability of lenders, the governments of Canada and Ontario, and management, to agree on a refinancing plan. The case reviews Massey's performance... View Details
      Keywords: Financial Condition; Financial Markets; Financing and Loans; Insolvency and Bankruptcy; Financial Strategy; Borrowing and Debt; Corporate Finance; Canada
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      Baldwin, Carliss Y., and Scott P. Mason. "Massey-Ferguson Ltd.—1980." Harvard Business School Case 282-043, February 1982. (Revised June 1990.)
      • January 1982
      • Article

      A Negativity Bias in Interpersonal Evaluation

      By: T. M. Amabile and A. H. Glazebrook
      Two studies were conducted to demonstrate a bias toward negativity in evaluations of persons or their work in particular social circumstances. In Study 1, subjects evaluated materials written by peers. Those working under conditions that placed them in low status... View Details
      Keywords: Social Psychology; Status and Position; Prejudice and Bias; Performance Evaluation; Situation or Environment; Perception; Attitudes
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      Amabile, T. M., and A. H. Glazebrook. "A Negativity Bias in Interpersonal Evaluation." Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 18 (January 1982): 1–22.
      • July 1981
      • Background Note

      Competitive Status of the U.S. Automobile Industry--1981: Crisis and Transition

      By: Kim B. Clark
      Examines the competitive status of the U.S. auto industry in 1979-80. Provides information on the historical background of the current crisis using data on the United States and Japan. Discusses the competitive position of the U.S. industry in terms of productivity,... View Details
      Keywords: Competitive Advantage; Auto Industry
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      Clark, Kim B. "Competitive Status of the U.S. Automobile Industry--1981: Crisis and Transition." Harvard Business School Background Note 682-006, July 1981.
      • February 1980 (Revised April 1981)
      • Case

      Poland Spring Bottling Corp.

      By: Benson P. Shapiro
      Poland Spring is a small domestic bottler of mineral water trying to compete in a rapidly expanding market against Perrier, the dominant brand, and 20 other foreign and domestic waters. Company management must decide how to position and promote its product with limited... View Details
      Keywords: Product Marketing; Product Positioning; Competition; Globalized Markets and Industries; Food and Beverage Industry; Distribution Industry; United States
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      Shapiro, Benson P. "Poland Spring Bottling Corp." Harvard Business School Case 580-108, February 1980. (Revised April 1981.)
      • May–June 1979
      • Article

      A Good Job is Hard to Find

      By: R. M. Kanter
      Keywords: Jobs and Positions
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      Kanter, R. M. "A Good Job is Hard to Find." Working Papers for a New Society 7 (May–June 1979): 44–50.
      • March–April 1979
      • Article

      How Competitive Forces Shape Strategy

      By: M. E. Porter
      Many factors determine the nature of competition, including not only rivals, but also the economics of particular industries, new entrants, the bargaining power of customers and suppliers, and the threat of substitute services or products. A strategic plan of action... View Details
      Keywords: Competition; Strategy
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      Porter, M. E. "How Competitive Forces Shape Strategy." Harvard Business Review 57, no. 2 (March–April 1979): 137–145.
      • Article

      Modes of Technology Transfer as a Function of Position in the Research-Development-Technical Service Spectrum

      By: Michael Tushman and T. J. Allen
      Keywords: Information Technology; Communication; Research and Development
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      Tushman, Michael, and T. J. Allen. "Modes of Technology Transfer as a Function of Position in the Research-Development-Technical Service Spectrum." Academy of Management Journal 22, no. 4 (December 1979): 694–708.
      • 1978
      • Chapter

      Power and Position: The Utility of Playing a Simple Game

      By: A. E. Roth
      Keywords: Power and Influence; Status and Position; Game Theory; Games, Gaming, and Gambling
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      Roth, A. E. "Power and Position: The Utility of Playing a Simple Game." In Game Theory and Political Science, edited by P. C. Ordeshook. New York: New York University Press, 1978.
      • spring 1978
      • Article

      Reflections on Women and the Legal Profession: A Sociological Perspective

      By: R. M. Kanter
      Keywords: Law; Jobs and Positions; Gender; Science; Legal Services Industry
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      Kanter, R. M. "Reflections on Women and the Legal Profession: A Sociological Perspective." Harvard Womens Law Journal 1 (spring 1978): 1–18.
      • winter 1978
      • Article

      Work in a New America

      By: R. M. Kanter
      Keywords: Jobs and Positions
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      Kanter, R. M. "Work in a New America." Daedalus 107 (winter 1978): 47–78. (Also in A New American?, edited by S. Graubard. N.Y.: Norton, 1980. Reprintings include: Essential Sociology, edited by R.L. Ellis and M.J. Lipetz. Chicago: Scott-Foresman, 1979; (Italian) Quaderni di Rassegna Syndicale, Journal of the Italian Confederation of Workers (CGIL), (excerpts); Sourcebook on Individual Rights in the Corporation, edited by A. Westin N.Y.: Educational Foundation on Individual Rights, 1979; Individual Rights in the Corporation, edited by A. Westin. N.Y.: Pantheon, 1980.)
      • July 1977
      • Article

      Social Roles, Social Control and Biases in Social Perception Processes

      By: L. D. Ross, T. M. Amabile and J. Steinmetz
      To make accurate social judgments, an individual must both recognize and adequately correct for the self-presentation advantages or disadvantages conferred upon actors by their social roles. Two experiments using 120 undergraduates examined social perceptions formed... View Details
      Keywords: Perception; Prejudice and Bias; Social Psychology; Judgments; Power and Influence; Status and Position; Situation or Environment
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      Ross, L. D., T. M. Amabile, and J. Steinmetz. "Social Roles, Social Control and Biases in Social Perception Processes." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 35, no. 7 (July 1977): 485–494.
      • October 1976 (Revised February 1987)
      • Case

      Cramer Electronics, Inc.

      By: Michael E. Porter
      Designed to be the second day of a two-day series on the electronic component distribution industry, following a day spent discussing Note on the Electronic Component Distribution Industry and Raytheon Co.: Diversification. The important teaching themes which this case... View Details
      Keywords: Change Management; Innovation Strategy; Management Style; Resource Allocation; Opportunities; Corporate Strategy; Diversification; Distribution Industry; Electronics Industry
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      Porter, Michael E. "Cramer Electronics, Inc." Harvard Business School Case 377-063, October 1976. (Revised February 1987.)
      • May 1976
      • Article

      The Job Makes the Person

      By: R. M. Kanter
      Keywords: Jobs and Positions
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      Kanter, R. M. "The Job Makes the Person." Psychology Today (May 1976). (Reprintings include: Breaking Through, edited by B.D. Smith. Addison Wesley Longman, 2001; Organizational Behavior, edited by. D. Kolb. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1989; Management Pragmatics, edited by R.A. Webber. Homewood, Ill.: Richard D. Irwin, 1979.)
      • October 1971 (Revised September 1983)
      • Case

      Sturdivant Electric Corp.

      By: Richard L. Nolan
      A unit manager on a field computer installation job is faced with recurring conflict between a programmer and his immediate supervisor. View Details
      Keywords: Planning; Rank and Position; Problems and Challenges; Conflict and Resolution; Attitudes; Jobs and Positions; Management Teams; Managerial Roles; Public Relations Industry; Computer Industry
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      Nolan, Richard L. "Sturdivant Electric Corp." Harvard Business School Case 172-123, October 1971. (Revised September 1983.)
      • Forthcoming
      • Article

      Arbitrage Capital of Global Banks

      By: Alyssa G. Anerson, Wenxin Du and Bernd Schlusche
      We show that the role of unsecured, short-term wholesale funding for global banks has changed significantly in the post-financial-crisis regulatory environment. Global banks mainly use such funding to finance liquid, near risk-free arbitrage positions—in particular,... View Details
      Keywords: Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Banks and Banking; Interest Rates; Financing and Loans
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      Anerson, Alyssa G., Wenxin Du, and Bernd Schlusche. "Arbitrage Capital of Global Banks." Journal of Finance (forthcoming).
      • Forthcoming
      • Article

      Comparing the Value of Perceived Human Versus AI-Generated Empathy

      By: Matan Rubin, Joanna Z. Li, Federico Zimmerman, Desmond C. Ong, Amit Goldenberg and Anat Perry
      Artificial intelligence (AI) and specifically large language models demonstrate remarkable social–emotional abilities, which may improve human–AI interactions and AI’s emotional support capabilities. However, it remains unclear whether empathy, encompassing... View Details
      Keywords: AI and Machine Learning; Emotions; Perception; Interpersonal Communication
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      Rubin, Matan, Joanna Z. Li, Federico Zimmerman, Desmond C. Ong, Amit Goldenberg, and Anat Perry. "Comparing the Value of Perceived Human Versus AI-Generated Empathy." Nature Human Behaviour (forthcoming). (Pre-published online June 30, 2025.)
      • Research Summary

      Competing business models

      By: Ramon Casadesus-Masanell
      Building on the literatures on competitive positioning and the theory of industrial organization, my work seeks to tackle previously unaddressed questions by studying situations where firms compete in dissimilar ways. Some examples of these questions include:View Details
      • Research Summary

      Competitive Strategy

      By: Michael E. Porter

      Porter is engaged in a major new body of work on the theoretical foundations of competitive positioning and the underpinnings of sustainable competitive advantage. This research highlights the distinction between positioning and operational effectiveness; the... View Details

      • Research Summary

      Corporate Debt, Firm Size and Financial Fragility in Emerging Markets

      By: Laura Alfaro
      The post-Global Financial Crisis period shows a surge in corporate leverage in emerging markets and a number of countries with deteriorated corporate financial fragility indicators (Altman’s Z-score). Firm size plays a critical role in the relationship between... View Details
      • Research Summary

      Corporate Governance

      By: Charles C.Y. Wang

      The characteristics and structure of boards of directors have important implications for firm performance. Professor Wang has found that firms with well-connected boards whose members have strong network connections provide economic benefits that are not immediately... View Details

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