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- All HBS Web
(7,983)
- Faculty Publications (2,007)
- Article
Beyond the Reach of the Invisible Hand: Impediments to Economic Activity, Market Failures, and Profitability
By: Dennis Yao
In this paper it is argued that failures of the competitive market are necessary conditions for supranormal profitability. Three fundamental causes of these market failures-production economies and sunk costs, transactions costs, and imperfect information-are developed... View Details
Keywords: Economics; Markets; Failure; Profit; Cost; Information; Market Transactions; Competition; Strategy; Production
Yao, Dennis. "Beyond the Reach of the Invisible Hand: Impediments to Economic Activity, Market Failures, and Profitability." Strategic Management Journal 9 (Summer 1988): 59–70. (Harvard users click here for full text.)
- May 1988 (Revised November 1990)
- Case
Airbus vs. Boeing (B): The Storm Intensifies
Discusses the growing competition faced by U.S. producers of civil aircraft due to the success and expanding product line of Airbus Industries. Designed to foster discussion of international trade policy as it affects producers in the industry and to encourage firm... View Details
Keywords: Trade; Policy; Negotiation; Competition; Competitive Strategy; Aerospace Industry; United States
Salter, Malcolm S. "Airbus vs. Boeing (B): The Storm Intensifies." Harvard Business School Case 388-145, May 1988. (Revised November 1990.)
- May 1988 (Revised March 1990)
- Case
Matsushita Electric Industrial (MEI) in 1987
By: Christopher A. Bartlett and Sumantra Ghoshal
Describes the development of Matsushita's international operations and the building of its dominant competitive position in the consumer electronics industry. Picks up the major challenges facing the company in 1987 as both its product focus and geographic posture are... View Details
Keywords: Global Strategy; Goods and Commodities; Product Positioning; Problems and Challenges; Business Strategy; Competitive Strategy; Value; Electronics Industry
Bartlett, Christopher A., and Sumantra Ghoshal. "Matsushita Electric Industrial (MEI) in 1987." Harvard Business School Case 388-144, May 1988. (Revised March 1990.)
- July 1987
- Case
Altoona Corp.: Computer Products Division
By: Roger E. Bohn and Robert H. Hayes
A relatively small manufacturer of computer memory disks has achieved a major market position through the use of its statistical quality control (SQC) program. It is now expanding the production of a new line of disks and is encountering problems getting the process... View Details
Keywords: Factories, Labs, and Plants; Volatility; Performance Consistency; Performance Improvement; Performance Productivity; Quality; Mathematical Methods; Hardware; Manufacturing Industry
Bohn, Roger E., and Robert H. Hayes. "Altoona Corp.: Computer Products Division." Harvard Business School Case 688-010, July 1987.
- July 1987 (Revised May 1993)
- Case
Atlas Copco (A): Gaining and Building Distribution Channels
Atlas Copco, a Swedish company, holds the highest market share for air compressors worldwide. However, its attempts to enter U.S. markets have been unsuccessful. The case describes a series of strategic distribution maneuvers implemented by the company which enable it... View Details
Keywords: Growth and Development; Marketing Channels; Market Entry and Exit; Market Participation; Distribution Channels; Failure; Industrial Products Industry; Sweden; United States
Rangan, V. Kasturi. "Atlas Copco (A): Gaining and Building Distribution Channels." Harvard Business School Case 588-004, July 1987. (Revised May 1993.)
- June 1987 (Revised May 1990)
- Case
John Deere Component Works (B)
By: Robert S. Kaplan
Having installed an activity-based system, the division is now exploring the insight provided by that system. In particular, it is studying the economics of lot-size process planning and product mix management. View Details
Keywords: Activity Based Costing and Management; Production; Business or Company Management; Planning; Cost Accounting; Cost Management; Product Marketing; Management Practices and Processes; Consumer Products Industry; Consumer Products Industry
Kaplan, Robert S. "John Deere Component Works (B)." Harvard Business School Case 187-108, June 1987. (Revised May 1990.)
- May 1987 (Revised November 1998)
- Case
John Deere Component Works (A)
By: Robert S. Kaplan
The division has recognized the inadequacies of its existing, traditional cost system for estimating product costs. Describes the innovative activity-based system that was developed to more accurately trace overhead costs to individual products. Provides students with... View Details
Keywords: Activity Based Costing and Management; Cost Accounting; Cost Management; Cost vs Benefits; Production; Budgets and Budgeting; Innovation and Invention; Innovation and Management; Consumer Products Industry
Kaplan, Robert S. "John Deere Component Works (A)." Harvard Business School Case 187-107, May 1987. (Revised November 1998.)
- December 1986 (Revised December 1987)
- Case
Hewlett-Packard: Manufacturing Productivity Division (B)
By: Benson P. Shapiro and Lawrence B. Levine
Asks where in the Hewlett-Packard (HP) network of groups and sectors the Manufacturing Productivity Division should be placed. Provides a great deal of background regarding marketing, sales, and engineering at HP. It is thus possible to expand and broaden the... View Details
Keywords: Business Divisions; Marketing; Production; Networks; Sales; Expansion; Manufacturing Industry
Shapiro, Benson P., and Lawrence B. Levine. "Hewlett-Packard: Manufacturing Productivity Division (B)." Harvard Business School Case 587-102, December 1986. (Revised December 1987.)
- November 1986 (Revised October 1995)
- Case
Suzanne de Passe at Motown Productions (A)
By: Linda A. Hill
Illustrates: 1) the impact of a manager's leadership style on corporate culture, direction, and performance; 2) the concept of fit between leadership style and the requirements of situations in which managers find themselves; and 3) the need for managers to adapt their... View Details
Keywords: Management Style; Race; Organizational Culture; Leadership Style; Gender; Management Teams; Change Management; Situation or Environment; Creativity; Relationships; Music Industry; Entertainment and Recreation Industry
Hill, Linda A. "Suzanne de Passe at Motown Productions (A)." Harvard Business School Case 487-042, November 1986. (Revised October 1995.)
- July 1986 (Revised July 1991)
- Case
Nippon-WTI Ltd.
By: W. Carl Kester and Glynn Ferguson
A Japanese joint venture between a U.S. parent and a Japanese parent has proposed that 100% of the U.S. parent's product be produced in Japan rather than the 40% currently being manufactured there. This would require the U.S. parent to give up a dollar profit earned on... View Details
Keywords: Joint Ventures; Currency Exchange Rate; Profit; Product; Production; Strategy; Manufacturing Industry; Asia; Japan; United States
Kester, W. Carl, and Glynn Ferguson. "Nippon-WTI Ltd." Harvard Business School Case 287-006, July 1986. (Revised July 1991.)
- February 1986
- Supplement
Kedaung Industrial Ltd., Video
Presents an interview with the Indonesian partner of Corning Glass Works' investment in Indonesia. The first part of the interview sets out the original decisions made by the partners. It serves to introduce the partners to the class and to help them decide whether to... View Details
Wells, Louis T., Jr. "Kedaung Industrial Ltd., Video." Harvard Business School Video Supplement 886-532, February 1986.
- September 1985 (Revised October 1988)
- Case
NIKE in China
By: James E. Austin and Francis Aguilar
Nike is reviewing its strategy for producing shoes in China for the U.S. market. Compares the experience in China with that in other countries. View Details
Austin, James E., and Francis Aguilar. "NIKE in China." Harvard Business School Case 386-065, September 1985. (Revised October 1988.)
- August 1985
- Supplement
Benetton Factory Tour--Ponzano, Italy, Video
By: James L. Heskett
Shows the flow of products through Benetton's Ponzano factory, including its use of subcontractors. Includes information about Benetton's manufacturing, logistics, and retailing strategies. View Details
Heskett, James L. "Benetton Factory Tour--Ponzano, Italy, Video." Harvard Business School Video Supplement 886-510, August 1985.
- July 1985 (Revised July 1990)
- Case
Atlantic Corp.
By: Peter Tufano
Two forest products manufacturers negotiate the sale of a group of assets. ACRS would allow the buyer to rapidly depreciate the stepped up basis to justify a high valuation. The seller recently paid greenmail, and this transaction may be linked to its desire to avoid... View Details
Tufano, Peter. "Atlantic Corp." Harvard Business School Case 286-004, July 1985. (Revised July 1990.)
- June 1985
- Case
Henkel Group: Umbrella Branding and Globalization Decisions
By: Robert J. Dolan
Henkel's adhesive group is considering a major change in the international selling of its two major adhesives products for households. The proposed strategy is based on two concepts: umbrella branding and global standardization. View Details
Keywords: Brands and Branding; Marketing Strategy; Globalization; Expansion; Consumer Products Industry
Dolan, Robert J. "Henkel Group: Umbrella Branding and Globalization Decisions." Harvard Business School Case 585-185, June 1985.
- February 1985 (Revised September 1988)
- Case
Komatsu Ltd.
Reviews and updates the structure and characteristics of the earth-moving equipment industry presented in the companion case, Caterpillar Tractor Co. After revealing that CAT has suffered major financial losses during the period from 1981 through 1984, the case... View Details
Keywords: Financial Crisis; Machinery and Machining; Price; Growth and Development; Brands and Branding; Product Development; Production; Competitive Strategy; Global Strategy; Industrial Products Industry; Industrial Products Industry; Industrial Products Industry
Bartlett, Christopher A. "Komatsu Ltd." Harvard Business School Case 385-277, February 1985. (Revised September 1988.)
- 1985
- Working Paper
Sequential Innovation and Market Structure
By: Jerry R. Green and Jean-Jacques Laffont
This paper concerns the introduction of a sequence of new, higher-quality durable products in a market in which there already exists a lower-quality substitute. The product has the further attribute that a real resource cost is incurred at the time a higher-quality... View Details
Green, Jerry R., and Jean-Jacques Laffont. "Sequential Innovation and Market Structure." Harvard Institute of Economic Research Discussion Paper, No. 1185, October 1985.
- September 1984 (Revised February 1989)
- Case
Benetton (A)
By: James L. Heskett
The world's largest manufacturer of woolen outerwear garments seeks to extend its retailing network to the United States from its base in Europe. A number of issues concerning marketing, manufacturing, and logistics strategy are raised by the proposed move along with... View Details
Keywords: Logistics; Brands and Branding; Networks; Production; Marketing Strategy; Globalization; Apparel and Accessories Industry; United States; Europe
Heskett, James L. "Benetton (A)." Harvard Business School Case 685-014, September 1984. (Revised February 1989.)
- November 1983 (Revised October 1989)
- Case
Procter & Gamble Europe: Vizir Launch
Describes P&G's expansion in Europe, including the development of a strong country subsidiary management, responsive to local market differences. The launch of a new product presents strategic and organizational challenges as P&G considers making this their first... View Details
Keywords: Business Subsidiaries; Trade; Business or Company Management; Growth and Development Strategy; Product Launch; Emerging Markets; Organizational Design; Problems and Challenges; Expansion; Europe
Bartlett, Christopher A. "Procter & Gamble Europe: Vizir Launch." Harvard Business School Case 384-139, November 1983. (Revised October 1989.)
- November 1983 (Revised June 1985)
- Case
Pepsi-Cola United Kingdom (A)
By: Benson P. Shapiro and Edward J. Hoff
On January 2, 1983 Pepsi-Cola United Kingdom had to develop a plan to defend its successful Diet Pepsi brand against the about to be introduced diet Coke. Contains useful material on competitive behavior and on U.S. versus U.K. consumer behavior. View Details
Keywords: Product Launch; Consumer Behavior; Planning; Competition; Food and Beverage Industry; United Kingdom; United States
Shapiro, Benson P., and Edward J. Hoff. "Pepsi-Cola United Kingdom (A)." Harvard Business School Case 584-052, November 1983. (Revised June 1985.)