Publications

2001
Working Paper

Contextuality Within Activity Systems

By: Michael E. Porter and Nicolaj Siggelkow

Research on the interactions among activities in firms and the extent to which these interactions help create and sustain competitive advantage has rapidly expanded in recent years. In this research, the two most common approaches have been the complementarity... View Details

Keywords: Value Chain; Strategy; Competitive Strategy

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2021
Working Paper

Equilibrium Effects of Pay Transparency

By: Zoë B. Cullen and Bobak Pakzad-Hurson

The public discourse around pay transparency has focused on the direct effect: how workers seek to rectify newly-disclosed pay inequities through renegotiations. The question of how wage-setting and hiring practices of the firm respond in equilibrium has received... View Details

Keywords: Pay Transparency; Online Labor Market; Privacy; Wage Gap; Negotiation; Corporate Disclosure; Compensation and Benefits; Gender

July 2025
Article

On the Economic Origins of Concerns Over Women’s Chastity

By: Anke Becker

This paper studies the origins and function of customs and norms that intend to keep women from being promiscuous. Using large-scale survey data from more than 100 countries, I test the anthropological theory that a particular form of preindustrial... View Details

Keywords: Infibulation; Female Sexuality; Paternity Uncertainty; Concern About Women's Chastity; Pastoralism; Economic Anthropology; History; Gender; Social Issues; Culture

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August 2011 (Revised August 2011)
Supplement

What Happened at Citigroup? (B)

By: Clayton Rose and Aldo Sesia

The (B) case provides information on actions taken by Citigroup management in 2009-2010 in the aftermath of the financial crisis and massive government intervention to save the bank. It is a supplement to the (A) case. View Details

Keywords: Financial Crisis; Banks and Banking; Banking Industry; Financial Services Industry

February 1993
Background Note

Teaching Notes: Communicating the Teacher's Wisdom

By: James E. Austin

Provides guidance for the preparation of teaching notes. Sets forth the rationale for teaching notes, what they should contain and why, and how they can be prepared. Based on the experiences of Harvard Business School faculty. View Details

Keywords: Business Education; Teaching

August 1994
Background Note

Note on Entering Foreign Markets: Opportunities for Smaller U.S. Companies

By: Norman A. Berg and James Weber

Designed specifically for the smaller U.S.-based company; provides a brief overview of the various means by which such companies can enter foreign markets and the sources of information and assistance, principally on exporting, available to them. View Details

Keywords: Trade; Information; Management; Market Entry and Exit; Distribution; United States

19 Oct 2015
News

Goldman Sachs paid to expand pre-K in Utah. It worked.

Clubs

Middle East & North Africa Club

22 Nov 2023
Video

Adaptive Clothing Empowers Fashion for All

08 Jan 2020
Video

Ritu Kumar

Ritu Kumar, the pioneer of boutique fashion culture in India, argues that every business in a highly unequal India has a responsibility to help society; Kumar's business does so by providing employment to many... View Details

February 1997 (Revised October 1999)
Case

Shock Therapy in Eastern Europe: The Polish and Czechoslovak Economic Reforms

Provides information on economic reform programs in Poland and Czechoslovakia in 1990. Students are asked to compare and contrast the economic situations in the two countries, as well as the political constraints on reform. View Details

Keywords: Macroeconomics; Poland; Slovakia; Czech Republic

February 1996 (Revised August 1998)
Exercise

Process Flow Design Exercise (C)

By: Janice H. Hammond

Provides detailed instructions for auditors to help them prepare for the factory demonstration day. Each audit position is described and a time line outlining responsibilities for the four phases of the simulation is provided. View Details

Keywords: Business Processes

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November 1990 (Revised November 1991)
Supplement

Apple Computer (C1): Reorganizing the Human Resource Function

Provides a follow-up to the (C) case. A new organization chosen for the human resource (HR) function is described. Students must compare the design chosen by Apple's HR managers with the one they chose. View Details

Keywords: Organizational Design; Human Resources; Computer Industry; Consumer Products Industry

Web

Making Strategic Trade-offs - Institute For Strategy And Competitiveness

proposition is to provide good design and function at a low price. Its target customer is what IKEA calls the person “with a thin wallet.” In choosing its particular kind of value and the activities needed to deliver it, IKEA has accepted... View Details

19 Jun 2019
Working Paper Summaries

Migrant Inventors and the Technological Advantage of Nations

Keywords: by Dany Bahar, Prithwiraj Choudhury, and Hillel Rapoport

February 1997
Background Note

Savings and Loans and the Mortgage Markets

By: Robert C. Merton and Alberto Moel

Provides a brief overview of the history of the savings and loans, the savings and loans crisis of the 1980s and 1990s, and the creation of the mortgage markets in the United States. Also explains briefly the most common types of mortgage-backed securities available. View Details

Keywords: History; Debt Securities; Markets; Mortgages; United States

February 2021
Module Note

Intellectual Property Strategy

By: Andy Wu and Aticus Peterson

Managing intellectual property (IP) in information technology—digital technologies like software or computing hardware—requires a distinct strategic approach. This note summarizes the high-level strategic considerations for managers of information technology businesses... View Details

Keywords: Intellectual Property; Information Technology; Management; Strategy

November 2008
Case

Syngenta International AG: Tropical Sugar Beet

By: Ray A. Goldberg and Alwin R. Kopse

Syngenta has developed a new sugar beet crop especially useful to tropical climates that enable double cropping to take place and provide both food and energy from the soil. Thus both the governments of Colombia and India are enthused about the new technological... View Details

Keywords: Food; Government and Politics; Technological Innovation; Performance Improvement; Performance Productivity; Research and Development; Environmental Sustainability; Technology Adoption; India; Colombia

December 2004 (Revised November 2006)
Case

Esrey & LeMay Sprint Options, The

By: Henry B. Reiling and Kevin Wall

Sprint's outside auditor simultaneously provided tax advice--including the recommendation of tax shelters related to Sprint options--to senior Sprint officers. These tax structures were called into question amid circumstances that raise a variety of conflicting issues... View Details

Keywords: Taxation; Conflict of Interests; Governing and Advisory Boards; Decision Choices and Conditions; Personal Development and Career; Telecommunications Industry