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      • 1997
      • Chapter

      Organization Design and Job Characteristics

      By: D. T. Hall and M. H. Bazerman
      Keywords: Organizational Design; Job Design and Levels
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      Hall, D. T., and M. H. Bazerman. "Organization Design and Job Characteristics." In Teaching Well and Liking It: Motivating Faculty to Teach Effectively, edited by J. L. Bess. Johns Hopkins University Press, 1997.
      • December 1996
      • Background Note

      Financial Engineering and Tax Risk: The Case of Times Mirror PEPS

      By: Peter Tufano
      Provides general background on the taxation of corporate securities, and shows how the inconsistent taxation of functionally-similar securities can permit financial engineers to bear tax risk to earn positive returns. Designed to be used with Times Mirror Co. PEPS... View Details
      Keywords: Risk Management; Taxation; Corporate Finance
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      Tufano, Peter, Robert Santangelo, and Cameron Poetzscher. "Financial Engineering and Tax Risk: The Case of Times Mirror PEPS." Harvard Business School Background Note 297-056, December 1996.
      • November 1996
      • Case

      Del Webb Corporation (C), The

      By: Jay W. Lorsch and Samanta Graff
      Dion and the other Del Webb directors were open to having Industrial Equity Pacific (IEP) and Webcott Holdings representation on the board. The IEP representative was perceived as reserved and lacking in sophistication. Cotter of Webcott, however, struck the directors... View Details
      Keywords: Crisis Management; Management Succession; Strategic Planning; Governing and Advisory Boards; Horizontal Integration; Conflict Management
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      Lorsch, Jay W., and Samanta Graff. "Del Webb Corporation (C), The." Harvard Business School Case 497-019, November 1996.
      • November 1996 (Revised July 1997)
      • Case

      Alexander Plaza

      By: Arthur I Segel and William J. Poorvu
      In May 1996, Henry Bower, an asset manager for a real estate adviser, Medcem, has to negotiate the details of a lease after signing a letter of intent with a high technology company, Defentek, Inc. Defentek, Inc. is a fast-growing company with limited net worth that is... View Details
      Keywords: Negotiation Tactics; Negotiation Preparation; Agreements and Arrangements; Risk and Uncertainty; Real Estate Industry; Financial Services Industry; District of Columbia
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      Segel, Arthur I., and William J. Poorvu. "Alexander Plaza." Harvard Business School Case 897-066, November 1996. (Revised July 1997.)
      • November – December 1996
      • Article

      What Is Strategy?

      By: M. E. Porter
      Today's dynamic markets and technologies have called into question the sustainability of competitive advantage. Under pressure to improve productivity, quality, and speed, managers have embraced tools such as TQM, benchmarking, and reengineering. Dramatic operational... View Details
      Keywords: Strategy
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      Porter, M. E. "What Is Strategy?" Harvard Business Review 74, no. 6 (November–December 1996): 61–78.
      • October 1996 (Revised February 1997)
      • Case

      Upjohn Company, The: The Upjohn-Pharmacia Merger

      By: Krishna G. Palepu and Amy P. Hutton
      In August 1995, the Upjohn Co. and Pharmacia AB announced a "merger of equals." This case provides background information on the industry, the position of Upjohn, and Upjohn's rationale for the proposed merger. View Details
      Keywords: Mergers and Acquisitions; Financial Statements; Business Strategy; Annual Reports; Pharmaceutical Industry
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      Palepu, Krishna G., and Amy P. Hutton. "Upjohn Company, The: The Upjohn-Pharmacia Merger." Harvard Business School Case 197-034, October 1996. (Revised February 1997.)
      • October 1996 (Revised May 2001)
      • Case

      Cantuga Farmworkers Clinic (A)

      By: James E. Austin and Catherine Overholt
      The board of directors of a rural health clinic fires its executive director. The case elaborates the evolution and progress of the clinic under this director during a period of growth and a changing health care environment. Factors contributing to and questioning the... View Details
      Keywords: Health Care and Treatment; Resignation and Termination; Managerial Roles; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Performance Evaluation; Problems and Challenges; Rank and Position; Social Enterprise; Health Industry
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      Austin, James E., and Catherine Overholt. "Cantuga Farmworkers Clinic (A)." Harvard Business School Case 797-041, October 1996. (Revised May 2001.)
      • October 1996 (Revised January 1997)
      • Case

      Mt. Auburn Hospital

      By: F. Warren McFarlan and Jaan Elias
      In December of 1993, two of Boston's largest and best known hospitals, Massachusetts General and Brigham and Women's, announced that they were setting aside their historic rivalry to form an alliance and build a regional health network. The announcement set off a wave... View Details
      Keywords: Health Care and Treatment; Negotiation Offer; Alliances; Networks; Social Enterprise; Horizontal Integration; Health Industry; Boston
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      McFarlan, F. Warren, and Jaan Elias. "Mt. Auburn Hospital." Harvard Business School Case 397-083, October 1996. (Revised January 1997.)
      • October 1996 (Revised December 1996)
      • Case

      United Electric Controls

      By: H. Kent Bowen, Jody H. Gittell and Sylvie Ryckebusch
      United Electric Controls (UE) was a small, traditional family-owned manufacturing company when Dave Reis, the youngest member of the Reis family, took over the business. This case describes Reis's efforts to change UE's traditional work practices in order to make the... View Details
      Keywords: Change Management; Family Business; Production; Business Strategy; Human Resources; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Decisions; Growth and Development Strategy; Information Technology; Electronics Industry; Manufacturing Industry; United States
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      Bowen, H. Kent, Jody H. Gittell, and Sylvie Ryckebusch. "United Electric Controls." Harvard Business School Case 697-006, October 1996. (Revised December 1996.)
      • September 1996 (Revised May 1997)
      • Case

      Mobil USM&R (C): Lubricants Business Unit

      By: Robert S. Kaplan
      The general manager of a Lubricants Business Unit in Mobil's U.S. Marketing and Refining division launched a project to develop a Balanced Scorecard (BSC) for his unit. The purpose was to provide focus for all employees of the unit, enabling it to operate on an... View Details
      Keywords: Balanced Scorecard; Employees; Customization and Personalization; Performance Evaluation; Measurement and Metrics; Management Teams; Projects; Energy Industry; Mining Industry; United States
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      Kaplan, Robert S. "Mobil USM&R (C): Lubricants Business Unit." Harvard Business School Case 197-027, September 1996. (Revised May 1997.)
      • August 1996
      • Article

      When Do Joint Ventures Create Value?

      By: Ashish Nanda and P. Mohanram
      Firms enter into joint ventures when their performance is deteriorating. Parent firms earn significant positive returns around announcements. However, at joint venture level, market value weighted return is insignificant. The stock market reacts negatively to ventures... View Details
      Keywords: Joint Ventures; Financial Markets; Value
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      Nanda, Ashish, and P. Mohanram. "When Do Joint Ventures Create Value?" Academy of Management Best Paper Proceedings 1996, no. 1 (August 1996): 36–40.
      • July 1996 (Revised January 1997)
      • Case

      Northwest Airlines: Strategic Alliance and Strategic Position--May 1996

      By: Leonard A. Schlesinger and Davis Dyer
      Describes the strategic position of Northwest Airlines in 1996 and discusses its financial rebound and changes and improvements since the 1993 restructuring agreement. Describes the company's new strategy and its management of principal strategic assets, focusing at... View Details
      Keywords: Air Transportation; Restructuring; Alliances; Competitive Strategy; Government Administration; Cooperation; Business Strategy; Air Transportation Industry; United States; Netherlands
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      Schlesinger, Leonard A., and Davis Dyer. "Northwest Airlines: Strategic Alliance and Strategic Position--May 1996." Harvard Business School Case 897-034, July 1996. (Revised January 1997.)
      • May 1996 (Revised November 2018)
      • Case

      Ecolab, Inc.

      By: Ashish Nanda
      By 1993, Ecolab has established a dominant market position in the institutional cleaning industry. As the company’s principal competitor, Diversify, drives sales aggressively, Ecolab president Al Schuman faces a choice about how best to market Ecolab’s offerings.... View Details
      Keywords: Customer Relationship Management; Employees; Retention; Marketing Strategy; Risk Management; Service Industry
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      Nanda, Ashish. "Ecolab, Inc." Harvard Business School Case 396-371, May 1996. (Revised November 2018.)
      • April 1996 (Revised May 1997)
      • Case

      Netscape's Initial Public Offering

      By: W. Carl Kester and Kendall Backstrand
      In August 1995, Netscape's board of directors was confronted with a decision about what price to offer the company's shares in its initial public offering (IPO). Preliminary demand for shares was high, but the company had not generated any positive earnings at the time... View Details
      Keywords: Initial Public Offering; Information Technology; Problems and Challenges; Valuation; Governing and Advisory Boards; Information Technology Industry
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      Kester, W. Carl, and Kendall Backstrand. "Netscape's Initial Public Offering." Harvard Business School Case 296-088, April 1996. (Revised May 1997.)
      • March 1996 (Revised April 2006)
      • Case

      Global Equity Markets: The Case of Royal Dutch and Shell

      By: Kenneth A. Froot and Andre F. Perold
      Royal Dutch and Shell common stocks are securities with linked cash flow, so that the ratio of their stock prices should be fixed. In fact, the ratio is highly variable, moving with the markets where the securities are intensively traded. Royal Dutch trades more... View Details
      Keywords: International Equity Markets; International Cost Of Capital; Cross-border Valuation; International Finance; Equity; Cost of Capital; Valuation; Cash Flow
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      Froot, Kenneth A., and Andre F. Perold. "Global Equity Markets: The Case of Royal Dutch and Shell." Harvard Business School Case 296-077, March 1996. (Revised April 2006.)
      • February 1996 (Revised November 1996)
      • Case

      Viacom, Inc.: Carpe Diem

      By: Joseph L. Bower and Thomas R. Eisenmann
      Viacom has reached a powerful position in the global entertainment industry through skillful and very bold acquisitions. Now its further expansion is challenged by the moves of Rupert Murdock's News Corp. Different businesses within Viacom have contradictory positions... View Details
      Keywords: Acquisition; Cost vs Benefits; Decisions; Entertainment; Global Strategy; Management; Competition; Corporate Strategy; Expansion; Entertainment and Recreation Industry
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      Bower, Joseph L., and Thomas R. Eisenmann. "Viacom, Inc.: Carpe Diem." Harvard Business School Case 396-250, February 1996. (Revised November 1996.)
      • February 1996 (Revised August 1998)
      • Exercise

      Process Flow Design Exercise (C)

      By: Janice H. Hammond
      Provides detailed instructions for auditors to help them prepare for the factory demonstration day. Each audit position is described and a time line outlining responsibilities for the four phases of the simulation is provided. View Details
      Keywords: Business Processes
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      Hammond, Janice H. "Process Flow Design Exercise (C)." Harvard Business School Exercise 696-085, February 1996. (Revised August 1998.)
      • February 1996 (Revised May 2002)
      • Teaching Note

      Xerox: Outsourcing Global Information Technology Resources TN

      By: F. Warren McFarlan
      Teaching Note for (9-195-158). View Details
      Keywords: Job Cuts and Outsourcing; Information Technology; Global Range; Resource Allocation; Manufacturing Industry; Consumer Products Industry
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      McFarlan, F. Warren. "Xerox: Outsourcing Global Information Technology Resources TN." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 196-086, February 1996. (Revised May 2002.)
      • February 1996 (Revised February 2008)
      • Case

      Toshiba: Ome Works

      By: H. Kent Bowen, Janice H. Hammond, Sylvie Ryckebusch and Hiroshi Uchikoga
      In 1995, Toshiba was the market leader in portable computer sales worldwide. This case describes the assembly of portable notebook computers in Toshiba's Ome factory in Ome, Japan, providing insights into some of the reasons for Toshiba's success. In addition to... View Details
      Keywords: Factories, Labs, and Plants; Employees; Job Design and Levels; Production; Hardware; Japan
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      Bowen, H. Kent, Janice H. Hammond, Sylvie Ryckebusch, and Hiroshi Uchikoga. "Toshiba: Ome Works." Harvard Business School Case 696-059, February 1996. (Revised February 2008.)
      • January 1996 (Revised February 1998)
      • Case

      Japan's Automakers Face Endaka

      By: Debora L. Spar
      In April 1995, the Japanese yen hit a post-World War II high against the U.S. dollar. The yen's relentless ascent affected firms on both sides of the Pacific, but fell particularly hard on Japan's big four automakers. This case explores how endaka--or"high... View Details
      Keywords: Currency Exchange Rate; Competitive Strategy; Trade; Foreign Direct Investment; Macroeconomics; Manufacturing Industry; Auto Industry; Japan
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      Spar, Debora L., Julia Kou, Elizabeth B. Stein, and Karen Gordon. "Japan's Automakers Face Endaka." Harvard Business School Case 796-030, January 1996. (Revised February 1998.)
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